{"title":"Evaluating the Association Between Social Vulnerability and Outcomes of Heart Transplantation in the United States","authors":"Khaled Shorbaji MD, MPH, Brett Welch MBA, MHA, Arman Kilic MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a tool that was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help identify communities that are at risk of harm from social, economic, or environmental factors. This study evaluates the association between SVI and outcomes of adult heart transplantation (HT) in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The United Network for Organ Sharing registry was used to identify all isolated adult (≥18 y) HT recipients and their home address zip codes between 2010 and 2021. Recipients were classified into three SVI risk groups: low risk (SVI: <0.33), intermediate risk (SVI: 0.33-0.65), and high risk (SVI: ≥0.66). Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate recipient survival probability based on SVI risk. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were built to evaluate the association of SVI with 1- and 5-y mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 22,400 recipients distributed over 9753 zip codes were included. Unadjusted 1-y survival rates in the three risk groups were as follows: low risk: 90.5%, intermediate risk: 91.1%, high risk 90.9%, and Log-rank <em>P</em> = 0.550 and 5-y survival rates were as follows: low risk: 80.8%, intermediate risk: 78.6%, high risk: 76.1%, and Log-rank <em>P</em> < 0.001. Compared to low-risk recipients, risk-adjusted 1-y mortality hazard ratio was 1.02 (0.92-1.14, <em>P</em> = 0.657) for intermediate risk and 1.09 (0.95-1.24, <em>P</em> = 0.222) for high-risk recipients. Risk-adjusted 5-y mortality hazard ratio was 1.07 (0.99-1.16, <em>P</em> = 0.095) for intermediate-risk recipients and 1.17 (1.06-1.28, <em>P</em> = 0.002) for high-risk recipients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Social vulnerability is associated with HT outcomes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SVI may be a useful tool in identifying at-risk geographic areas where targeted efforts may be prudent for reducing disparities in HT outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brielle Ochoa MD , R. Scott Eldredge MD , Megan Gilbert CPNP-AC , Benjamin Padilla MD , David M. Notrica MD , Christian Armstrong PharmD , Wassim Ballan MD , Justin Lee MD
{"title":"Postoperative Wound Infection After Primary Closure in Pediatric Dog Bite Injuries","authors":"Brielle Ochoa MD , R. Scott Eldredge MD , Megan Gilbert CPNP-AC , Benjamin Padilla MD , David M. Notrica MD , Christian Armstrong PharmD , Wassim Ballan MD , Justin Lee MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Guidelines recommend three to 5 d of antibiotic prophylaxis after dog bite injury, but variation exists in clinical practice after primary closure of wounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze antibiotic duration and incidence of infection during a study period in which an institutional protocol limiting postrepair antibiotics to a maximum of 3 d was implemented.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dog bite injuries that underwent primary closure in patients ≤18 y were retrospectively identified from 2018 to 2022 at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Protocol compliance and short course of antibiotics were defined as ≤3 d of antibiotics. Multivariable regression analysis for variables associated with wound infection was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>455 injuries were included for analysis. After protocol implementation, the mean antibiotic duration decreased from 6.8 to 4.4 d (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Postrepair follow-up data were available for 235 (51.6%) cases in the cohort. Multivariable logistic regression identified superficial wounds and anatomic injury location to be significantly associated with wound infection. Shorter antibiotic duration was not associated with increased risk of wound infection on regression analysis, and there was no difference in postoperative wound infection rate between short-course and long-course groups (7.5% <em>versus</em> 7.1%, <em>P</em> = 0.912).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Standardization of postoperative antibiotic duration was associated with a decrease antibiotic duration without an increase in the incidence of wound infections after closure of dog bite wounds. This study highlights the feasibility of multidisciplinary standardization of pediatric trauma care across specialties and the safety of minimizing antibiotic duration after pediatric dog bite repairs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking Barriers: Ensuring Gender Neutral Care on Short Term Surgical Missions","authors":"Julia Riccardi MD , Ryan Benson MD , Fatemeh Parvin-Nejad MD , Vennila Padmanaban MD , Samba Jalloh MD , Mawuli Gyakobo MD , Ziad Sifri MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gender discrimination is prevalent worldwide in medical and surgical care. In the setting of short-term surgical missions (STSMs) conducted to address the global burden of surgical disease, patient selection raises ethical considerations regarding equitable distribution of limited clinical resources. The goal of this study was to examine if equitable distribution of operative care between male and female patients occurs in STSMs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The International Surgical Health Initiative (ISHI) is a US based nonprofit, nongovernmental organization. Records from surgical missions to Ghana (2014-2023) and Sierra Leone (2013-2023) were analyzed to evaluate for gender equity in inguinal hernia repairs, the most common procedure performed. A control group was created from a literature review inclusive of all studies of inguinal hernia repairs that included over 500 patients and patient gender.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review of 26 studies, representing 3,239,043 patients, demonstrated a gender distribution of 13% female. In Sierra Leone 246 inguinal hernia repairs were performed between 2013 and 2023. 28 (11.4%) of the hernia repairs were in females, which was not significantly different from the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.45). In Ghana 150 inguinal hernia repairs were performed between 2014 and 2023. 12 (8%) of the hernia repairs were in females. This was not significantly different from the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.07).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first study investigating the gender equity conducted within the context of humanitarian surgical outreach. Equitable patient selection is a paramount consideration in STSMs, particularly to address gender-related disparities in surgical care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monica L Collins, Dillon Williams, Brooke E Pierson, Cameron S D'Orio, Mary A Oliver, Lauren T Moffatt, Jeffrey W Shupp, Taryn E Travis, Bonnie C Carney
{"title":"Wound Healing and Scar Patterning After Addition of Autologous Skin Cell Suspension to Meshed Grafts.","authors":"Monica L Collins, Dillon Williams, Brooke E Pierson, Cameron S D'Orio, Mary A Oliver, Lauren T Moffatt, Jeffrey W Shupp, Taryn E Travis, Bonnie C Carney","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A common treatment for large deep-to-full-thickness burns is excision and grafting with a widely meshed split-thickness skin graft (mSTSG). Due to the differential healing of the interstices and adhered split-thickness skin graft, wound patterning and delayed wound healing are common outcomes of this treatment. Delayed healing may increase infection rates and wound care requirements, while wound patterning may be psychologically and aesthetically consequential for patients. Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) can be used to \"over spray\" a meshed autograft. It was hypothesized that the use of ASCS combined with mSTSG would increase the rate of wound healing and decrease patterning in healed burn wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Full-thickness burns or excisional wounds (n = 8 each) were created in red Duroc pigs and received 4:1 mSTSGs after wound bed preparation. Half of the wounds received ASCS and half did not at the time of grafting. Percent re-epithelialization, patterning, rete ridge ratio, cellularity, dermal and epidermal thickness, immunofluorescent S100β staining, and melanin index were assessed for each scar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wounds that received ASCS exhibited increased rates of re-epithelialization (burn +ACSC versus burn-ASCS; day 3 (53.9 ± 3.1 versus 34.3 ± 3.3, P = 0.009): day 5 (68.1 ± 1.6 versus 40.8 ± 3.2, P < 0.001)). Excision +ASCS versus excision-ASCS; day 7 (98.1 ± 1.2 versus 86.4 ± 2.0, day 7 P = 0.022) compared to wounds not treated with ASCS. There was no difference in rete ridge ratio, cellularity, dermal thickness, epidermal thickness, S100β staining, melanin index, or patterning was measured between wounds that received ASCS and those that did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of ASCS to 4:1 mSTSGs leads to increased rate of wound healing but does not impact the degree of patterning in this model, suggesting that ASCS application likely robustly transfers keratinocytes but not functioning melanocytes at acute timepoints.</p>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel K. Mathai BA , Denise M. Garofalo MD , Quintin W. Myers PhD , Charlotte H. Heron MD , Victoria S. Clair BS , India Bonner BS , Adam R. Dyas MD , Catherine G. Velopulos MD, FACS , Kweku Hazel MD
{"title":"Analyzing the Social Vulnerability Index With Metabolic Surgery","authors":"Samuel K. Mathai BA , Denise M. Garofalo MD , Quintin W. Myers PhD , Charlotte H. Heron MD , Victoria S. Clair BS , India Bonner BS , Adam R. Dyas MD , Catherine G. Velopulos MD, FACS , Kweku Hazel MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a census tract-level population-based measure generated from 16 socioeconomic and demographic variables on a scale from 1 (least) to 100 (most) vulnerable. This study has three objectives as follows: 1) to analyze multiple ways of utilizing SVI, 2) compare SVI as a group measure of marginalization to individual markers, and 3) to understand how SVI is associated with choice of surgery in metabolic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively identified adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and gastric sleeve in 2013-2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from a single academic center. High SVI was defined as >75<sup>th</sup> percentile. Low SVI was coded as <75<sup>th</sup> percentile in measure 1 and < 25<sup>th</sup> percentile in measure 2. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable regression models were performed comparing SVI to marginalized status as a predictor for type of metabolic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 436 patients undergoing metabolic surgery, with a low overall morbidity (6.1%). Complication and readmission rates were similar across comparator groups. The logistic regression models had similar area under the curve, supporting SVI as a proxy for individual measures of marginalization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SVI performed as well as marginalized status in predicting preoperative risk. This suggests the validity of using SVI to identify high risk patients. By providing a single, quantitative score encompassing many social determinants of health, SVI is a useful tool in identifying patients facing the greatest health disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaige L. Werth BS , Nutan B. Hebballi BDS, MPH, PhD , Rachel C. Bordelon MD , Eric W. Reynolds MD , Kuojen Tsao MD , Allison L. Speer MD
{"title":"Are We Enhancing Recovery After Neonatal Surgery? Assessment of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Principles for Ostomy Takedown","authors":"Shaige L. Werth BS , Nutan B. Hebballi BDS, MPH, PhD , Rachel C. Bordelon MD , Eric W. Reynolds MD , Kuojen Tsao MD , Allison L. Speer MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines in adults have demonstrated reduced complications, length of stay, and cost. However, neonatal ERAS studies are limited and translation of adult ERAS guidelines to neonates is challenging. Furthermore, the knowledge, perception, and practice of neonatal ERAS guidelines is largely unknown. Our aim is to address this practice gap by determining current practice of the 2020 neonatal intestinal surgery ERAS guidelines at our institution and evaluating postoperative outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted of patients <1 y who underwent elective ostomy takedown at a single-center tertiary children's hospital between 2013 and 2023. A 13-point ERAS score was developed. Demographics, clinical course, pain management, nutrition, ERAS scores, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic and negative binomial regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred eighty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. At surgery, the median age was 124 d (interquartile range [IQR] 81-220) and median weight was 4360 g (IQR 2920-7200). The median ERAS score was 6 (IQR 5-7). The highest scores were for appropriate (97.9%) and timely (91.9%) prophylactic antibiotics, and the lowest for preventing intraoperative hypothermia (14.5%), limiting opioids (9.1%), and early enteral feeding postoperatively (24.7%). Surgical site infection occurred in 14.5% and median length of stay was 28 (IQR 5-127) d.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our institution's current practice of the 2020 neonatal intestinal surgery ERAS guidelines was poor. We identified opportunities for improvement including postoperative antibiotic administration, prevention of intraoperative hypothermia, nutrition, and pain management. Future studies will focus on implementation of neonatal ERAS guidelines at our institution and evaluation of adherence and outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo G. Gerardo MD , Naomi-Liza Denning MD, PhD , Carolyn L. Yancey MD , Asa G. Yancey Jr. MD , Arthur H. Yancey II MD, MPH , Erika A. Newman MD , Ankush Gosain MD, PhD, MBA , Henri R. Ford MD , Jason S. Frischer MD , Marc A. Levitt MD
{"title":"The Story of Dr. Asa G. Yancey and Surgical Innovation in the Face of Discrimination","authors":"Rodrigo G. Gerardo MD , Naomi-Liza Denning MD, PhD , Carolyn L. Yancey MD , Asa G. Yancey Jr. MD , Arthur H. Yancey II MD, MPH , Erika A. Newman MD , Ankush Gosain MD, PhD, MBA , Henri R. Ford MD , Jason S. Frischer MD , Marc A. Levitt MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dr. Asa G. Yancey published a surgical technique describing a pull – through of normal colon through a cuff of aganglionic colon to treat Hirschsprung disease in 1952, 12 y before Dr. Franco Soave whose name is attached to the procedure. Yancey and his pioneering operation went unrecognized for over half a century because of discriminatory segregation in the publishing practices of academic medicine dating back to the 1950s.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We performed a literature review on the surgical therapies for Hirschsprung disease. This history was supplemented with first-hand accounts provided by Yancey's children. Further information by leaders of the American Pediatric Surgical Association Hirschsprung interest group regarding the future of surgical nomenclature for the endorectal pull-through procedure was acquired through interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A review of the literature revealed that Yancey's description of the pull-through technique for Hirschsprung disease was published 12 y prior to Soave's publication and yet, Yancey received little to no recognition for his work. Yancey's children describe a surgeon who was persistent in his endeavor to create a more inclusive field of academic surgery as well as a man who prioritized his family and the education of future surgeons. Conversations with the American Pediatric Surgical Association Hirschsprung interest group suggest active changes to give posthumous credit to Yancey, including renaming the procedure to the Yancey – Soave pull-through technique.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Here, we provide a historical review of Yancey's career as well as insights on the man behind the surgery and how he persevered in academic surgery despite experiencing discrimination during the civil rights movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Castellano, Roberto Attanasio, Giorgio Borretta
{"title":"Letter Regarding: Modern Trends for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Intervening on Less Biochemically Severe Disease.","authors":"Elena Castellano, Roberto Attanasio, Giorgio Borretta","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charbel Chidiac MD, Paul Phan BS, Daniel S. Rhee MD, MPH, Alejandro V. Garcia MD
{"title":"Access to Laparoscopic Pediatric Surgery: Do Ethnic and Racial Disparities Exist?","authors":"Charbel Chidiac MD, Paul Phan BS, Daniel S. Rhee MD, MPH, Alejandro V. Garcia MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Disparate access to laparoscopic surgery may contribute to poorer health outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities, especially among children. We investigated whether racial and ethnic disparities in laparoscopic procedures existed among four common surgical operations in the pediatric population in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatrics, we conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients, aged less than 18 y old, undergoing appendectomy, fundoplication, cholecystectomy, and colectomy from 2012 to 2021. To compare the surgical approach (laparoscopy or open), a propensity score matching algorithm was used to compare laparoscopic and open procedures between non-Hispanic Black with non-Hispanic White children and Hispanic with non-Hispanic White children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>143,205, 9,907, 4,581, and 26,064 children underwent appendectomy, fundoplication, colectomy, and cholecystectomy, respectively. After propensity score matching, non-Hispanic Black children undergoing appendectomy were found to be treated laparoscopically less than non-Hispanic White children (93.5% <em>versus</em> 94.4%, <em>P</em> = 0.007). With fundoplication, Hispanic children were more likely to be treated laparoscopically than White ones (86.7% <em>versus</em> 80.9%, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between Black or Hispanic children and White children in rates of laparoscopy for other procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Though some racial and ethnic disparities exist with appendectomies and fundoplications, there is limited evidence to indicate that widespread inequities among common laparoscopic procedures exist in the pediatric population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}