Journal of Surgical Research最新文献

{"title":"Factors Influencing End-of-Life Decisions in Cancer Patients After Traumatic Injuries","authors":"Priya Pathak MBBS, MPH ,&nbsp;Jonathan Laredo BS ,&nbsp;Sonal Swain MBA ,&nbsp;Benjamin Nguyen MD ,&nbsp;Scott F. Gallagher MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Jennifer Freeman MD, MPH, FACS ,&nbsp;Suresh M. Agarwal MD, FACS ,&nbsp;Krista L. Haines DO, MA","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Severe traumatic injuries are frequently associated with poor outcomes, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) after traumatic brain injury is common. However, the association between WLST and pre-existing cancer in all trauma patients remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the American College of Surgery Trauma Quality Programs in 2022. Patients aged 18 y or older with information on pre-existing disseminated cancer and chemotherapy status at the time of trauma were included. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression, combined with propensity score matching, were used to assess the association between WLST and pre-existing cancer after traumatic injury.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 936,410 patients met the study criteria. Of these, 3827 (0.4%) were undergoing chemotherapy without metastatic cancer, 1528 (0.2%) had metastatic cancer but were not receiving chemotherapy, while 5399 (0.6%) were on chemotherapy. Significant differences in patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes were observed across these groups. After matching on age, sex, race and ethnicity, insurance, injury severity, region and type, advance directives (ADs), functional dependence, prehospital cardiac arrest, and initial Glasgow Coma Scale, the adjusted odds ratio for WLST was 2.02 (95% CI: 1.39-2.95) for patients with metastatic cancer not on chemotherapy and 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78-3.42) for patients with metastatic cancer on chemotherapy, compared to patients without cancer. Severe injuries were associated with 2.83 times higher odds of WLST (95% CI: 2.42-3.71) compared to mild injuries. Patients with chest, abdominal, and extremity injuries had lower odds of WLST compared to head and neck injuries. The presence of ADs limiting care was strongly associated with WLST (adjusted odds ratio: 3.62, 95% CI: 2.91-4.51).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with metastatic cancer, regardless of chemotherapy status, had up to three times higher odds of WLST after traumatic injury. The presence of ADs was also strongly linked to increased WLST, emphasizing the importance of patient preferences and personalized care approaches in end-of-life decisions for cancer patients in trauma settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and 30-d Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database","authors":"Mao Wang MM ,&nbsp;Weixia Li BS ,&nbsp;Haiyan Xu BS ,&nbsp;Bo Li MM ,&nbsp;Li He BS ,&nbsp;Hanbing Zhang BS","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality rate. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), as a comprehensive indicator of nutritional and immune status, has shown prognostic value in various diseases, however, its role in predicting prognosis in ARDS remains uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This study is a retrospective study based on data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. This study enrolled 2829 patients with ARDS. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazard model were applied to analyze the association between PNI and 30-d mortality in patients with ARDS according to the tertiles of PNI. Through subgroup analysis and interaction testing, further exploration was undertaken to illuminate the influence conferred by PNI on prognosis across different populations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 30-d mortality rate for ARDS patients was 26.5%. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve revealed that higher PNI indicated higher survival probability. After adjustment for all confounding factors, PNI was significantly inversely associated with 30-d mortality in patients with ARDS (hazard ratio = 0.981, 95% confidence interval: 0.969-0.993). Subgroup analysis indicated that the negative correlation between PNI and 30-d mortality was more pronounced in males, married individuals, and those without comorbidity. In addition, PNI interacted significantly with cerebrovascular diseases, suggesting that the presence of cerebrovascular diseases may weaken the predictive efficacy of PNI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PNI is an effective predictor of 30-d mortality for ARDS patients, with a higher PNI being linked with improved survival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Is Old NOT Gold? Identifying Global Age Risk Surgical Thresholds to Improve Outcomes","authors":"Komal Abdul Rahim BScN, MSc ,&nbsp;Kinzah Razzak Ghazi MBBS ,&nbsp;Kantesh Kumar MBBS ,&nbsp;Aiman Arif MBBS ,&nbsp;Saad Bin Zafar Mahmood MBBS, FCPS ,&nbsp;Saqib Kamran Bakhshi MBBS, FCPS ,&nbsp;Hasnain Zafar MBBS, FRCS ,&nbsp;Adil Hussain Haider MD, MPH, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Patient age has been shown to influence health-care outcomes; however, there is limited evidence on the optimal cutoff where age increases the risk of adverse outcomes. This study aims to identify the age at which patients undergoing surgery in Pakistan can be classified as high-risk using the modified frailty index which can help in preoperative risk stratification, optimizing surgical outcomes, and guiding clinical decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data of adult patients undergoing major elective surgeries from 2019 to 2022 were used. High-risk patients were identified using the modified frailty index tool with a score of 2 and above. A receiver-operator curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal age threshold for high-risk patients. Cox proportional regression identified hazard ratios for low and high-risk patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 10,060 surgical patients were identified. The optimal age threshold was 52.595 years (sensitivity: 79%, specificity: 72%, area under the curve 0.72). An age of 52.595 years and above was the high-risk group. The postoperative mortality was twice in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (2.95% &amp; 1.11%; <em>P</em> value&lt;0.001). All postoperative complications were higher in the high-risk compared to the low-risk group (27.01% &amp; 19.28%). Case acuity and postoperative cardiac complication were significantly associated with mortality in low- and high-risk group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicated that age was associated with adverse outcomes in surgical population. Determining this age threshold in low- and middle-income countries is crucial for improving surgical outcomes via targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Total Body Surface Area and Body Part With Mental Health Outcomes in Pediatric Burn Patients","authors":"Jazzalyn Zou BSA ,&nbsp;Jaclyn Dempsey MD ,&nbsp;Rahul Venna BSA ,&nbsp;Sonia Patel BSA ,&nbsp;Briana Syed BS ,&nbsp;Hoang Nguyen PhD ,&nbsp;Oscar Suman PhD ,&nbsp;Steven Wolf MD ,&nbsp;Bindi Naik-Mathuria MD, MPH, FACS, FAAP","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Burn injuries in children are associated with negative impacts on psychological and emotional well-being, yet specific risk indicators are not well researched. We hypothesize that children with greater total body surface area (TBSA) burned and burns in highly visible and functionally significant body parts are more likely to experience negative mental health outcomes compared to their counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Database review of 178 pediatric burn patients (median age: 13 ± 2.99) utilizing the Burns Model System National Database, retrospectively collected data between 2010 and 2023. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System surveys obtained at 6 mo, 1 y, and 2 y postburn were utilized to assess mental health factors (anxiety, depression, peer relationships, pain interference, fatigue, and physical function). Mental health status was defined using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System cut-off points with T-scores. Data were stratified by TBSA quartiles and body part affected (arm, head/neck/face, trunk, perineum, hand, leg, foot). Associations with TBSA and body parts were analyzed with chi-squared calculations using Excel, and demographic data was analyzed using logistic regression using R Studio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 1-y postburn, higher TBSA was associated with increased anxiety (<em>P</em> = 0.005), fatigue (<em>P</em> = 0.04), pain interference (<em>P</em> = 0.02), and poorer physical function (<em>P</em> = 0.003); however, there was no correlation with body part burned. By 2 y postburn, the difference in mental health outcomes by TBSA was no longer significant. Increased age was associated with a higher likelihood of depression (<em>P</em> = 0.002) and poorer peer relationships (<em>P</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children with greater TBSA burns or older age were associated with a higher likelihood of mental health consequences by 1 y postburn, regardless of which body part was affected. Understanding these relationships is essential for developing targeted interventions to support the psychological recovery of pediatric burn patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Partial: Full versus Partial Endovascular Aortic Occlusion in Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Bhairav Shah DO, MS,&nbsp;Emily W. Rady MD,&nbsp;Michael Lieber MS,&nbsp;Urmil Pandya MD,&nbsp;Joshua Hill MD, MCR, FACS,&nbsp;Michal Radomski MD, MS, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is an adjunct for hemorrhage control in trauma. Many patients requiring aortic occlusion also have concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI). The combination of TBI and hemorrhagic shock is highly lethal. Aortic occlusion can increase mean arterial pressure, thus augmenting cerebral perfusion pressure in TBI patients. Hypotension and supraphysiologic hypertension can potentiate secondary insults in TBI. Endovascular aortic occlusion (EAO) can be done with full occlusion (FO) or partial occlusion (PO). PO allows for the titration of blood pressure, whereas FO can only have a binary effect on blood pressure. There is a paucity of data on the effects of FO and PO in patients with TBI. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the association of these two modalities with outcomes in TBI patients undergoing EAO.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This was an institutional review board–approved secondary retrospective analysis of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery registry that included all blunt trauma patients with Abbreviated Injury Scale head ≥ 1 and underwent EAO. We define severe TBI as head Abbreviated Injury Scale &gt; 4. We compared FO and PO. Primary outcomes were systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal after EAO and mortality. Patients were considered to have SBP at goal if it was between &gt; 90 and &lt; 140 mmHg within 5 minutes after EAO. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, discharge Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), discharge Glasgow Outcome Scale, disposition, rates of craniectomy, and complications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;147 patients were included in the final analysis. Of these, 97 underwent FO and 50 underwent PO. Demographics for all TBI patients undergoing EAO were age (40 ± 18), sex (32% female), mechanism of injury (93% blunt), injury severity score (42 ± 15), admission SBP (74 ± 46 mmHg), and admission GCS (6 ± 4). There was no significant difference in demographics between the two groups. Patients undergoing PO had significantly decreased transfusion of platelets (5.3 &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; 2.5, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04) and administration of crystalloids (4 &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; 1.5, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003). Patients with severe TBI who underwent PO met SBP goal significantly more often than patients who underwent FO (57.1 &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; 83, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.019). Higher rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome were seen in patients who underwent FO regardless of TBI severity. There was no significant difference in length of stay, mortality, discharge GCS, discharge Glasgow Outcome Scale, disposition, or rates of craniectomy between EAO groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;PO enables better SBP titration and thereby can minimize secondary insult in TBI. PO is associated with lower rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome. EAO type, however, is not associated with dif","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Perioperative Probiotics/Synbiotics Reduce Postoperative Infection Rates Following Elective Colorectal Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Claudia Paterson MBChB ,&nbsp;Amanda Nikolic MBChB, FRACS ,&nbsp;Tamara Glyn MBChB, FRACS ,&nbsp;Tim Eglinton MBChB, MMedSc, FRACS ,&nbsp;Parry Singh MBChB, PhD, FRACS ,&nbsp;Andrew Hill MBChB, MD, FRACS, FRSNZ","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postoperative infections remain common in elective colorectal surgery (CRS). Perioperative probiotics/synbiotics have been investigated as a strategy to optimize the intestinal microbiota and reduce postoperative infections. The aim of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of perioperative probiotics/synbiotics on postoperative infection rates following elective CRS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six databases were searched on February 7, 2023, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD420233392754). Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials comparing perioperative probiotics or synbiotics in colorectal resection for malignant or benign disease in patients &gt; 18 y, reporting data on infectious complications within 30 d of surgery. Exclusion criteria: patients undergoing acute colorectal resection, nonrandomized controlled trials, prebiotics alone used as the intervention or control. The primary outcome measure was total postoperative infection rates within 30 d of elective CRS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 2686 participants demonstrated an association between probiotics/synbiotics and reduced rates of total postoperative infections within 30 d of elective CRS (relative risk 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.41-0.74, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Perioperative probiotics/synbiotics are associated with almost halved total postoperative infection rates within 30 d of elective CRS. Further investigation into optimal regimens and the confounding effect of modern colorectal surgical practice is essential prior to implementation into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authorship Trends and Gender Concordance in Surgical Research","authors":"Brandon T. Smith MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Javier Villela-Castrejon MSc ,&nbsp;Larissa Rodriguez BS ,&nbsp;Prathik Kalva BS ,&nbsp;Taylor Beal BS ,&nbsp;Taylor Lee BS ,&nbsp;Jason T. George MD, PhD ,&nbsp;M. Libby Weaver MD ,&nbsp;Lily S. Cheng MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Building inclusive and diverse research teams is increasingly important in the era of team science. We explored authorship trends over the last 3 decades to assess progress in academic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two general surgical journals (<em>Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery</em> and <em>Annals of Surgery</em>) and two nonsurgical multidisciplinary scientific journals (<em>Nature</em> and <em>Science</em>) were queried at 10-y intervals from 1991 to 2021. Data collected included total number of authors per article, instances of shared authorship, authors' gender, geographic location of the authors, and number of references per article.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 741 journal articles were examined. Over the last 3 decades, the number of women authors has nearly doubled in surgical journals and tripled in nonsurgical journals. The proportion of women authors per article, women first authors, and women senior authors all increased significantly, though women remain only 26% of all authors. Intriguingly, articles with a woman senior author had a significantly greater proportion of women coauthors than articles with a man senior author (55 ± 4% <em>versus</em> 12 ± 6%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) across all 3 decades in all journals. In 2021, only 10% of articles with a man senior author had an equal or greater proportion of women coauthors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Though there are now more women authors, we describe a pattern of gender concordance where women senior authors may publish with other women more than men senior authors. Our findings highlight both the progress made and potential for growth in achieving gender equity in academic surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Thyroid Cancer Risk in Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analog Users With Thyroid Nodules","authors":"Sanjana Balachandra MD,&nbsp;Rohma Syed,&nbsp;Zhixing Song MD,&nbsp;Julia Kasmirski MD,&nbsp;Andrea Gillis MD, MPH,&nbsp;Jessica Fazendin MD,&nbsp;Brenessa Lindeman MD, MEHP,&nbsp;Herbert Chen MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Thyroid nodules are common and require vigilant monitoring due to malignancy potential. They become particularly concerning in patients using glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogs, which are associated with a proposed increased risk of medullary thyroid cancer. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules treated with GLP-1 analogues.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database looking at pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules (ICD-10-CM E04) and treated with GLP-1 analogues (ATC A10BJ) from 1995 to 2024. In addition, we compared the GLP-1 cohort to a cohort of patients who developed thyroid nodules after starting metformin. Demographic data and biochemical markers were assessed. The primary outcome was the incidence of thyroid cancer, identified by the first occurrence of ICD-10-CM C73 following the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and the start of GLP-1 analogues. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline characteristics, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis estimated the cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer. Analyses were performed using the TriNetX Analytics platform, with statistical significance defined as <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 1,401,568 patients using GLP-1 analogues and 2,779,340 patients with thyroid nodules in our database. Among these, 171,460 patients had both conditions, with 98,142 (57%) developing thyroid nodules after starting GLP-1 analogues. The average age of the GLP-1 cohort was 60 ± 13 years, with 72% (<em>n</em> = 66,195) being female and 66% (<em>n</em> = 60,855) identifying as White. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the survival probability, or the likelihood of not developing thyroid cancer by the end of the study, was 91.042% for the GLP-1 cohort, with 4687 cases of thyroid cancer observed. In comparison, the metformin cohort (<em>n</em> = 306,114) had a higher survival probability of 94%, with 11,898 cases of thyroid cancer observed. The risk ratio of 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.96-1.03) between the cohorts indicates no significant difference in the risk of developing thyroid cancer for patients on GLP-1 analogues compared to those on metformin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study indicates a relatively low incidence of thyroid cancer among patients with thyroid nodules treated with GLP-1 analogues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Improving Data Sharing Practices in Surgical Research","authors":"Ryan Sherry BS ,&nbsp;Peter Lang BS ,&nbsp;Alex Hagood BSN ,&nbsp;Taylor Gardner BS ,&nbsp;Eli Oldham BS ,&nbsp;Jacob Duncan BA ,&nbsp;Annes Elfar BS ,&nbsp;Eli Paul BS ,&nbsp;Andriana M. Peña DO ,&nbsp;Alicia Ito Ford PhD ,&nbsp;Matt Vassar PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Data sharing is critical for improving patient outcomes and ensuring research transparency. However, adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines requiring data-sharing statements (DSS) in clinical trials remains inconsistent within surgical research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and cross-sectional analysis of 1094 articles from the top h-5 indexed surgery journals (2020-2023) was conducted. Articles were screened based on predefined criteria. Hierarchical logistic regression identified factors influencing DSS inclusion, and thematic analysis examined DSS content.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1094 articles, only 141 (12.89%) included DSS, with higher rates in clinical trials (18.05%) compared to cohort studies (5.20%). Studies funded by government or industry and open-access articles (18.95%) were more likely to include DSS. Journals with higher impact factors were more likely to comply. Thematic analysis revealed recurring issues of gatekeeping, conditional data access, and privacy concerns. Out of 96 corresponding authors contacted, only 18 shared data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Data-sharing rates in surgical journals remain low, especially in non–open-access and unfunded studies. Strengthened policies are essential to improve transparency and reproducibility in surgical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Pages 136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAS Join Journal Ad 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0022-4804(25)00335-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-4804(25)00335-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Research","volume":"311 ","pages":"Page ix"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}