Zelal Kilic, Anne J. Maheux, Jacqueline Nesi, Jennifer S. Silk, Sophia Choukas-Bradley
{"title":"Intimate disclosure in online-only friendships predicts adolescents' depressive symptoms","authors":"Zelal Kilic, Anne J. Maheux, Jacqueline Nesi, Jennifer S. Silk, Sophia Choukas-Bradley","doi":"10.1111/jora.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescents frequently use social media to form online-only friendships (OOFs; i.e., friendships that are exclusive to digital platforms), raising questions about their emotional impact. While OOFs may provide social support and increase well-being, they could also displace in-person relationships or increase exposure to online risks. This study examined longitudinal associations between OOFs, intimate disclosure within these friendships, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. A total of 1089 teens aged 13–19 (<i>M</i> = 15.65, <i>SD</i> = 1.19; 581 girls, 492 boys, and 16 another gender identity) completed online surveys as part of a longitudinal study investigating adolescent development at two timepoints: October 2019 (T1) and February 2020 (T2). Teens reported whether they had any OOFs, and, if so, levels of intimate disclosure within their OOFs, as well as depressive symptoms. There was a significant correlation between OOF status and depressive symptoms at T1 (<i>r</i> = .13, <i>p</i> < .01). However, T1 OOF status was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms at T2 (unstandardized <i>b</i> = 0.02<i>, p</i> = .64, <i>IRR</i> = 1.02), or vice versa (<i>OR =</i> 1.02<i>, p =</i> .055, <i>CI</i> = 1.00–1.05), controlling for age, gender, and baseline levels of the outcome variable. Higher T1 intimate disclosure with OOFs predicted higher T2 depressive symptoms (unstandardized <i>b =</i> 0.088, <i>p</i> = .011, <i>IRR</i> = 1.09), while T1 depressive symptoms did not significantly predict T2 intimate disclosure (unstandardized <i>b</i> = 0.012, <i>p</i> = .069, <i>CI</i> = −0.001–0.03), controlling for age, gender and baseline levels of the outcome variable. These results suggest that while the sole presence of OOFs is associated with depressive symptoms, intimate disclosure within these friendships may predict increases in depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146064402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristia A. Wantchekon, Esther Burson, Olga Kornienko, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Maciel M. Hernández, M. Dalal Safa, Thao Ha
{"title":"Relations between ethnic-racial identity statuses and critical consciousness among Latine adolescents","authors":"Kristia A. Wantchekon, Esther Burson, Olga Kornienko, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Maciel M. Hernández, M. Dalal Safa, Thao Ha","doi":"10.1111/jora.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development reflects the processes through which adolescents learn about their ethnic-racial background (i.e., exploration) and develop clarity about what it means to them (i.e., resolution). Research on ERI has been critiqued for not examining connections between ERI and broader social beliefs, such as critical consciousness (i.e., individuals' level of reflection about social oppression, motivation to take action against it, and the extent to which they take such action). When examining connections to ERI, research underscores the importance of considering individuals' patterns of exploration and resolution in tandem (i.e., ERI status) rather than analyzing them in isolation. Accordingly, the current study utilized latent profile analysis to examine how ERI status profiles were associated with dimensions of Latine adolescents' critical consciousness. Cross-sectional data came from Latine adolescents (<i>n =</i> 338, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 16.30, <i>SD:</i> 1.11; 44% boys, 53% girls, 3% another gender) attending a U.S. southwestern high school. Findings revealed three ERI status profiles: <i>Foreclosed</i> (<i>n</i> = 132; lower exploration and higher resolution), <i>Diffuse</i> (<i>n</i> = 59; lower exploration and resolution), and <i>Achieved</i> (<i>n</i> = 147; higher exploration and resolution). Profiles did not significantly differ in critical reflection. The <i>Achieved</i> profile reported the highest critical motivation, the <i>Diffuse</i> profile reported the lowest, and the <i>Foreclosed</i> profile fell between them. The <i>Achieved</i> profile reported higher critical action than the other two profiles, which did not significantly differ from one another. Findings suggest that among Latine adolescents, engaging in ERI development is connected to feeling more agency to change unjust systems and engaging in more action against such systems, but higher ERI development does not necessarily reflect deeper engagement in questioning those systems (i.e., critical reflection).</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophia C. Ryan, Martie P. Thompson, Margaret M. Sugg, Jennifer D. Runkle
{"title":"Disparities in suicide risk trajectories among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sophia C. Ryan, Martie P. Thompson, Margaret M. Sugg, Jennifer D. Runkle","doi":"10.1111/jora.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pandemic contributed to an ongoing youth mental health crisis, though mental health burdens are disproportionately distributed within youth populations. The objective of this study was to identify latent trajectories of youth suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine differential risk by demographic subgroups. We leverage a national crisis dataset (<i>n</i> = 6741 youth in crisis) and employ latent Markov models and multinomial logistic regression to identify suicide risk classes and model within-person suicide risk trajectories from pre-pandemic to the extended pandemic response period (2019–2022) among a cohort of young people (ages 24 and younger). This analysis identified three suicide risk classes: low risk (sample ranges from 4831 to 5199 texters across periods), high risk (sample ranges from 1246 to 1030 texters across periods), and very high risk (sample ranges from 664 to 506 texters across periods). Overall, suicide risk declined during the pandemic (e.g., low risk class +5.4 percentage points). Yet, person-centered results emphasize variable risk for younger youth, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth, and Black/African American youth across pandemic periods. Specifically, younger youth (i.e., 13 and under) were associated with 50% higher odds than youth 18–24 years to transition from low to very high (OR: 1.50, CI: 1.05–2.15) and 93% higher odds to transition from very high to low risk (OR: 1.93, CI: 1.44–2.61). TGD youth were associated with the highest odds of transitioning to high-risk classes during the early pandemic (OR<sub>Low_VeryHigh</sub>: 1.79, CI: 1.33–2.41), compared to girls/women. Black/African American youth were associated with 122% higher odds of transitioning to very high risk during the extended pandemic period (OR: 2.22, CI: 1.24–3.97), compared to White youth. Gender identity, race, and age were significantly associated with changing suicide risk among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results emphasize the immediate and prolonged need for effective suicide risk reduction efforts among young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prosocial, aggressive, or both? A multilevel latent profile analysis of peer status and social behavior in early adolescence","authors":"Katja Košir, Tina Pivec","doi":"10.1111/jora.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescence is crucial for shaping social behavior, with peers influencing popularity and likability. While some adolescents use bullying to gain popularity, prosocial behavior often underlies likability. Yet, little is known about bistrategic control, where youth combine aggression and prosocial actions. This study used a multilevel person-centered approach to identify latent profiles based on peer-reported bullying, prosocial behavior, popularity, and likability, examined differences in bystander behavior, social status goals, and insecurity, and further explored how these individual-level profiles differ across classrooms and align with classroom-level bullying and prosocial social status norms. Data from 6379 Slovenian adolescents in 328 classes revealed five profiles: Unpopular bullies, Popular bullies, Bistrategic, Prosocial, and Uninvolved. At the classroom level, two distinct profiles emerged, differing in the prevalence of Uninvolved, Prosocial, Bistrategic, and Popular bully students.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daphne Y. Liu, Claire L. Chapman, Yunying Le, Nicholas S. Perry, Galena K. Rhoades
{"title":"Change in relationship status and internalizing symptoms among adolescents: Testing bidirectionality and moderation by sexual orientation, gender, and age","authors":"Daphne Y. Liu, Claire L. Chapman, Yunying Le, Nicholas S. Perry, Galena K. Rhoades","doi":"10.1111/jora.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescent romantic experiences are socially normative and serve important social and developmental functions. Despite the well-established concurrent link between romantic involvement and internalizing symptoms in heterosexual adolescents, limited and mixed evidence exists on the directionality of this association. Research on this topic in sexually diverse adolescents is scarce. We sought to clarify how changes in relationship status and internalizing symptoms predict each other over time, and how these associations vary by sexual orientation, gender, and age. We provided a novel examination of these associations separately for initially single and romantically involved adolescents. In this longitudinal study, 1136 demographically diverse adolescents (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 15.3 years, range<sub>age</sub> = 13–19 years; 55.3% Hispanic/Latine) from local public high schools reported their relationship status and internalizing symptoms in four waves of surveys (August 2017–June 2019). We found that entering into a romantic relationship predicted lower internalizing symptoms for adolescents who were gay, lesbian, or not sure about their sexual orientation (but not for heterosexual or bisexual adolescents), highlighting the protective functions of romantic relationships for certain sexually diverse youth. We also found that higher internalizing symptoms predicted a greater likelihood of entering into a romantic relationship among initially single adolescents. Breakups and internalizing symptoms did not predict each other over time. Gender and age did not moderate any associations. These findings contribute to our understanding of the longitudinal associations between changes in relationship status and mental health and inform how adults should counsel youth on romantic relationships. Researchers should further elucidate the complex interplay between adolescent romantic relationships and mental health, especially for sexually and gender diverse youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kealie J. Walker, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Jeneé C. Duncan, Renee Perez
{"title":"Latinx adolescent parents' experiences with stigma and their school-related outcomes: Examining the moderating effects of social support and ethnic-racial identity","authors":"Kealie J. Walker, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Jeneé C. Duncan, Renee Perez","doi":"10.1111/jora.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescent parents are at risk for poorer school-related outcomes relative to their non-parenting peers. In part, poorer academic outcomes may reflect adolescents' need to balance multiple roles within systems that are unaccommodating to their unique needs. Concomitantly, adolescent parents hold cultural and familial assets that can help them achieve positive school-related outcomes (i.e., school belonging, aspirations, and expectations) despite experiences of marginalization. The current study explores the relationship between adolescent parents' reports of stigma (e.g., negative treatment due to their parenting status) and their school-related outcomes; it will also test whether social support and ethnic-racial identity (ERI) serve as protective factors in these associations. To address our study goals, we employed cross-sectional data from a sample of adolescents who were parents or expecting a child (M<sub>age</sub> = 16.87, SD = 1.30; <i>n</i> = 303 girls; <i>n</i> = 74 boys). Our results revealed that ERI, but not social support, moderated the negative effect of stigma on students' school belonging and academic expectations. High levels of ERI buffered the negative effect of stigma on students' reports of school belonging. However, the negative effect of stigma on students' academic expectations was only significant in the context of high ERI. Results highlight the importance of addressing adolescent parent stigma in schools while also demonstrating that ERI may have a differential effect on diverse academic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerie V. Salcido, Frances M. Lobo, Hailing Wang, Kiera Coulter, Gabriela Livas
{"title":"Coping with racism: Qualitative profiles of adolescents' responses to racial-ethnic discrimination","authors":"Valerie V. Salcido, Frances M. Lobo, Hailing Wang, Kiera Coulter, Gabriela Livas","doi":"10.1111/jora.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescents employ diverse coping strategies to navigate racial-ethnic discrimination, yet research often overlooks how these strategies co-occur. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 African American, Latinx, and Asian American high school students living in the southeastern United States (55% girls, 45% boys; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 16.03), exploring their responses to various forms of discrimination (e.g., interpersonal, vicarious, online) and perpetrators (e.g., peers, teachers, authority figures). Using ideal-type analysis, a qualitative method that identifies patterns by grouping individuals based on shared characteristics, four coping profiles were identified: Move-Oners (<i>n</i> = 11), who primarily rely on ignoring, distraction, and minimization; Shift-and-Persisters (<i>n</i> = 6), who exhibit more internal strategies such as cognitive reframing and maintaining a future-oriented approach rather than confrontation; Mildly Engaged Copers (<i>n</i> = 8), who balance selective confrontation with more passive strategies; and Flexible Advocates (<i>n</i> = 8), who frequently confront perpetrators and engage in broader advocacy. Demographic trends revealed that older adolescents and girls were more likely to be Flexible Advocates, while boys and Asian American participants were more likely to be Move-Oners. Findings underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding of how adolescents respond to discrimination, and implications for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Park, Yuanyuan Yang, Bryan Gu, Yoonsun Choi, Hyung Chol Yoo
{"title":"Model minority stereotype, school and socioeconomic achievement, and mental health of Filipino American and Korean American youth","authors":"Michael Park, Yuanyuan Yang, Bryan Gu, Yoonsun Choi, Hyung Chol Yoo","doi":"10.1111/jora.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asian Americans are often stereotyped as model minorities—hardworking (achievement aspect) and unaffected by socioeconomic barriers (mobility aspect). However, the impact of these stereotypes on mental health remains unclear. This study is the first to examine longitudinally how internalizing these stereotypes relates to mental health, as moderated by grade point average (GPA), parental education, and household income among Asian American subgroups. Using a three-wave panel study of 610 Filipino and Korean American youth (<i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub><i>.</i><sub><i>Wave2</i></sub> = 16 years; 52% female), findings reveal that each aspect of the stereotype has distinct impacts on mental health, with variations by ethnicity, academic performance, and family socioeconomic status. These results contribute to identifying profiles of youth at risk for mental health challenges and guiding targeted mental health interventions for minoritized youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146009942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"We can't “just deal with it”: Emotion regulation may not be an effective protective factor against adverse experiences in LGBTQ+ adolescents","authors":"Emma Galarneau, Tyler Colasante, Tina Malti","doi":"10.1111/jora.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite known disparities in both adverse experiences and well-being between LGBTQ+ and cisgender/heterosexual youth, research on how LGBTQ+ youth may differently regulate negative emotions and cope with adverse experiences is scant. In a sample of 459 12- to 17-year-old Canadian adolescents, we tested whether emotion regulation capacities and the use of specific regulation strategies differently affected LGBTQ+ v. cisgender/heterosexual youth's well-being and/or differently moderated the association between adverse experiences and well-being. Additionally, we examined developmental differences in these associations between early and middle adolescence. Having effective emotion regulation and a tendency to use engagement strategies over disengagement strategies were associated with better well-being for both LGBTQ+ and cisgender/heterosexual youth. However, they only buffered the association between adverse experiences and well-being for cisgender/heterosexual youth, not for LGBTQ+ youth. No significant developmental differences were detected. This may suggest that although having effective emotion regulation and using engagement v. disengagement strategies confer similar promotive effects on well-being across youth, they do not protect LGBTQ+ youth from the negative effects of adverse experience the way they do for cisgender/heterosexual youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk, Adultification, Messaging, and Protection Scale (RAMPS): The development of a measure for Black girls","authors":"Natasha Crooks, Nyssa Snow-Hill, Abigail Bushnell, Kimberly Sanker-Panchal, Gina Sissoko","doi":"10.1111/jora.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adultification, protection, and stereotyping of Black girls and their associated sexual and reproductive health risks are understudied concepts that are challenging to measure. This study developed and validated the Risk, Adultification, Messaging, and Protection Scale (RAMPS), designed to assess the relationship between sexual development, adultification, messaging, and protection, which are constructs of the <i>Becoming a Sexual Black Woman</i> framework. Preliminary items were derived from qualitative interviews with Black girls aged 9–18 years old. Adolescent responses (<i>N</i> = 575) to the RAMPS were subjected to several analyses to evaluate the measure's psychometric properties. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) guided by the <i>Becoming a Sexual Black Woman</i> theory were used to test item fit; correlations between the refined measures and theoretically relevant measures were examined for validity; and measurement invariance of the RAMPS was evaluated across three age groups. CFA demonstrated a strong fit for a 3-factor model. The interpretation of the measure was fully invariant across age groups. Findings indicated that the RAMPS represents a valid framework for measuring factors impacting Black girls' sexual development. The final 12-item measure demonstrated respectable to very good internal consistency—adultification (α = .81, very good), protection (α = .76, respectable), messaging (α = .78, respectable), and total protection (α = .80, very good). This paper presents psychometric information about the RAMPS and the full set of items. The next steps will be to validate the measure within a larger sample and to explore its correlation with sexually transmitted infections and HIV risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}