Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Citius, Altius, Fortius: secular trends of physical and fitness parameters of professional soccer players in first division of Greece (1981-2013).","authors":"Dimitrios Antonakis-Karamintzas, Apostolos Z Skouras, Stelios Poulos, Konstantinos N Pavlou, Panagiotis K Behrakis, Miltos P Vassiliou, Christos P Balabinis, Charilaos Tsolakis, Paris Christogeorgos, Panagiotis Koulouvaris","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16812-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16812-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past several decades, soccer has undergone significant evolution, reflected by increasing physical demands and distinct anthropometric characteristics among elite players worldwide. This study examines long-term trends in anthropometric and physiological characteristics of professional soccer players of Greece first division from 1981 to 2013.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 850 male players, aged 18-40, competing in Greece's top soccer league. Participants were divided into five groups based on evaluation periods (1981-1989, 1990-1995, 2000-2004, 2005-2010, and 2011-2013). Anthropometric measurements included height, body mass, and body fat percentage, while physiological assessments included maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>), minute ventilation (VE), anaerobic power (Wingate Test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump, CMJ). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, with correlations assessed and adjusted for anthropometrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over time, significant increases were observed in height (η²=0.089, P<0.001), V̇O<inf>2max</inf> (η²=0.281, P<0.001), anaerobic power output (η²=0.732, P<0.001), and CMJ height (η²=0.160, P<0.001), while body fat percentage declined significantly (η²=0.085, P<0.001) from 1981 to 2013. Positive correlations were found between V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, anaerobic power, and CMJ performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed improvements in anthropometric and physiological characteristics among Greek soccer players reflect the increased physical demands of modern soccer over a period of about 30 years. Increased aerobic and anaerobic capacities, along with improved body composition, indicate the impact of advancements in training and selection practices. Future research should investigate how various training practices and individual internal and external factors affect performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight the athlete's heart: role of vortex analysis.","authors":"Marco Corsi, Edoardo Falconi, Roberto Palazzo, Melissa Orlandi, Gabriele Mascherini, Vittorio Bini, Marco Maglione, Lorenzo Corbetta, Laura Stefani","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16714-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16714-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athlete's heart has been extensively studied, particularly regarding global myocardial remodeling in normal systo-diastolic function and supernormal deformation reserve. Based on specific morphological characteristics, it is commonly classified as eccentric and concentric remodeling; however, the recent interest in echocardiography lies in the dynamicity of the vorticity flow inside the LV chamber, primarily correlated with diastolic function. This study aims to verify the potential additional contribution of vortex analysis in characterizing the athlete's heart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 23 highly trained athletes was studied using 2D standard and deformation echo parameters and vortex examination. A dedicated software (HyperDoppler; ESAOTE) defined geometrical and dynamic vortex parameters (area, length, depth, energy dissipation, vorticity fluctuation, kinetic energy fluctuation). The data obtained were compared with a group of 26 active non-athletes and a group of 23 normal subjects. BMI differed among the three groups, with higher values in normal subjects (normal = 27.2±5.7; active = 22.9±2.6; triathletes = 22.1±1.8; P=0.01).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indicized left ventricular mass (iLV) was significantly higher in triathletes (triathletes = 96.9±14.9; active = 87.6±15; normal = 79.5±15.7; P=0.003) as twist (triathletes = 12.3±3.9; active = 9.8±3.7; normal = 8.1±3.1; P=0.001), expressing a supernormal apical reserve. Diastolic function was normal in both groups. In the presence of normal geometrical vortex data, vortex energetic parameters were significantly higher in triathletes (energy dissipation= 1.10±0.41, P<0.001; vorticity fluctuation = 0.89±0.04, P<0.001; kinetic energy fluctuation = 1.01±0.08, P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vortex analysis complements the morphological remodeling of the athlete's heart. It can contribute to defining the effects of training intensity and energy consumption. Future research will focus on potential modifications in different sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Turkish adaptation of the athletic perceptions of Performance Scale: shame, guilt, and performance concerns and their associations with mental health problems among Turkish elite-level adult athletes.","authors":"Yavuz Lima, Nazli D Yilmaz, Nevzad Denerel, Erman Doğan, Matt S Treeby, Simon Rice","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16372-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16372-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are many sport-specific factors in daily sport/competition environment that may negatively affect athletes and cause athletic shame or guilt linked with mental health problems. The aim of the present study was to establish psychometric data for the Turkish version of the Athletic Perceptions of Performance Scale (APPS-Tr) and evaluate correlates of athletic shame and guilt among adult Turkish professional athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional online survey study utilized standardized scales to assess athletic shame and guilt, performance concerns, athlete-specific stress, depression, and anxiety. The survey was distributed to 960 Turkish professional athletes. A subset of participants (N.=45) provided APPS-Tr test-retest data at 30 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 426 athletes participated. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the APPS-Tr, test-retest data confirmed its temporal stability, and the reliability values were within an acceptable range. Younger athletes (compared to older counterparts) reported higher athletic guilt scores (P<0.01), while athletes with less sport experience (compared to more sporting experienced counterparts) reported higher athletic shame scores (P=0.04). Athletes who had experienced recent adverse life events were more likely to endorse athletic shame and guilt and performance concerns (P=0.01, P=0.01, P<0.01, respectively). Athletic shame was more strongly associated with athlete-specific stress, depression, and anxiety than athletic guilt (r>0.30 versus r<0.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide cross-cultural validation of the APPS assessing athletic shame and guilt among adult elite athletes. Consistent with other studies, athletic shame was more strongly associated with mental health problems than athletic guilt. Results suggest that athletes experiencing athletic shame and performance concerns may benefit from supportive coaching and/or mental health support.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries and overuse injuries in padel tennis: a retrospective epidemiological cross-sectional study of a level 1 trauma center in Germany.","authors":"Heinz-Lothar Meyer, Lara Birkner, Christina Polan, Bastian Mester, Monika Herten, Marcel Dudda, Manuel Burggraf","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16884-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16884-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Padel tennis is a trend sport. The sport promises a good workout with low physical demands for people of all ages and physical conditions. It is therefore of great interest to understand the sport better and to be aware of possible injuries and overuse injuries in padel tennis. This could result in possible preventative measures, such as increased education on adapting training and assistance for treating and supervising doctors and medical staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 411 padel tennis players of all levels answered a retrospective questionnaire about injuries and overuse damage which occurred during their careers under the supervision of medical staff. 234 padel tennis players completed the questionnaire in full and were included in the study. Professional padel players are defined as those who take part in competitions. Demographic data and information on injuries in various body regions were collected. In addition, significance tests were performed. Depending on whether a normal distribution was present, the t-test or the Mann-Whitney U Test was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 70 (29.9%) women and 164 (70.1%) men, who were on average 37.8 years old. The injury rate for the entire collective was 4.03 per 1000 h of exposure. The most frequently affected body region was the lower leg, ankle, and foot region (77; 18%). Most injuries occur at the wall/net, followed by injuries to the racket. Professional padel players injure themselves significantly more often than non-professional padel players (P<0.001). Looking at the anatomical regions, professional padel players have the most injuries in the lower leg and foot (19.9%; 32) region and non-professional padel players most frequently injured their knee (19.6%; 51). Padel players who do not practice any other rebound sport, injure their elbow significantly more often than athletes who practice another rebound sport (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Padel tennis has similarly high injury rates to other rebound sports and is well comparable to these sports. The injury locations and types are very similar. The results emphasize the need to develop and implement preventive measures to reduce injuries in padel sports. By implementing training programs to improve playing technique and muscle strength, significant progress could be made in reducing injuries and overuse injuries in padel sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitch counts and overuse in high school softball pitchers: a pilot study encompassing bullpen, warm-up, and game pitches.","authors":"Sravya Kamarajugadda, Marissa Pazik, MaryBeth Horodyski, Kevin Farmer, Jason Zaremski, Giorgio Zeppieri, Ryan Roach, Bryan Prine, Michael Moser, Michael S Smith","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16806-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16806-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fastpitch softball participation continues to rise, yet there is minimal research into universal pitch count regulations for pitchers. The only current guidelines published by American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) in conjunction with the National Council for Youth Sports (NCYS), are based on pitch counts for youth baseball. The aim of this study was to quantify the total number of pitches thrown by high school fastpitch softball pitchers during a game outing to estimate the true workload experienced by the pitchers. We hypothesized that pitchers exceed the current recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers collected total pitch count, quantified as total number of bullpens, warm-up (between inning), and in-game pitches thrown by high school varsity fastpitch softball pitchers during a single game outing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8248 pitches were counted during 89 varsity high school fastpitch softball pitcher outings. Of the 77 pitchers that pitched in a live game setting, 25.6% of pitchers pitched above the recommendation; which increased to 51.2% when including bullpen and warm-up pitches. Starters threw significantly more and relievers significantly less than the recommendations (P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Though current pitch count recommendations for youth fastpitch softball, were modeled after current guidelines in youth baseball, they are all that exists to help softball pitchers from incurring increased workload. However, our data suggests that many fastpitch softball players pitch above the recommendation, and thus further research is required to determine injury association with pitch counts in fastpitch softball.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of functional movement screen score with balance, core endurance, and musculoskeletal system injuries in CrossFit athletes.","authors":"Bihter Ikiz, Ender Angin, Ozde Depreli","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16829-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16829-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CrossFit training, which includes functional exercises and improves various physical parameters, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Since CrossFit is a high-intensity training program, injury rate and risk factors must be evaluated. This study aims to determine the relationship between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score and balance, core endurance, and musculoskeletal system injuries in CrossFit athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 52 CrossFit athletes. FMS assessed biomechanical abnormalities, fundamental movement patterns, and asymmetries in CrossFit athletes. Four different tests (trunk flexion, Biering Sorenson, lateral plank, and plank) with different positions were used to evaluate core endurance. The Y balance test was used to assess dynamic balance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 52 participants (21 female, 31 male) was 28.02±8.64 years, and their mean body mass index was 24.69±4.09 kg/m². The lumbar spine was the most commonly injured body part (19%), and the thoracic spine and knee were second (13%), followed by the knee and shoulder (10%). A relationship was found between injury and FMS composite (r=-0.338; P=0.014), deep squat (r=0.31; P=0.026), shoulder mobility (r=0.329; P=0.017), and rotary stability score (r=-0.297; P=0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>New screening tools such as FMS are essential in determining movement quality and its relationship with injury prevention and performance predictability. In addition, this study will guide corrective exercise programs drawn by physiotherapists according to the movement pattern determined by the screening results and safe and practical recommendations to prevent injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are isokinetic muscle function related to lower extremity sports injuries in elite taekwondo athletes?","authors":"Ki-Jun Park","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16875-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16875-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed the influence of knee and ankle muscle strength and endurance on lower extremity injury patterns (Injury incidence rate, injury type, and return-to-sport period) in elite taekwondo athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 60 elite taekwondo athletes (male and female 30, respectively) aged 18 and older, who trained intensively at a training institution for two years, from January 2022 to December 2023. The injury incidence rate per 1000 hours of training was calculated using a 95% Poisson confidence interval. We also employed simple linear regression analysis to identify the factors that muscle strength and endurance affect injury. All statistical significance levels were set at α=0.05, and we used SPSS version 27.0 for Windows for our analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both male and female Taekwondo athletes, there was no significant association between the injury incidence rate of lower extremity and the muscle strength and endurance of the knee and ankle. However, the ratio of muscle endurance to the agonist and antagonist muscles in the knee and ankle was found to be associated with lower extremity injury incidence rates. This is also associated with ligament injury incidence rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effectively managing lower extremity injuries in taekwondo athletes necessitates a proper balance of muscle endurance between the agonist and antagonist muscles in the knee and ankle. Therefore, it is essential to develop an exercise program that addresses the imbalance between these muscle groups for taekwondo athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of tennis exercise of different intensities on cardiorespiratory capacity and mental health of sedentary students.","authors":"Lei Tan, Parinya Kwanmuangwanic","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16710-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16710-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of different intensities of tennis exercise on cardiorespiratory capacity and psychological status of college students who sit for long periods of time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experiment was conducted on 40 university students according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An experiment was conducted with 40 university students based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was divided into four groups: the control group received health education only and did not participate in tennis training; the low-intensity group (Group B), the moderate-intensity group (Group C1) and the high-intensity group (Group C2) underwent individualized tennis training based on a maximal oxygen uptake (VO<inf>2</inf>max) of 40%-50%, 60-67%, and 68-75%, respectively, four times a week, with a training duration of 1 hour, 40 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively. The study tested participants' cardiorespiratory fitness (VO<inf>2max</inf>), psychological well-being (anxiety and depression scores), body weight, resting heart rate, and blood pressure before and after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of training. Repeated measures were analyzed by ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was seen when comparing the weight changes of the various groups prior to and during the intervention. Students' VO<inf>2max</inf> values were improved at different exercise intensities after the exercise intervention. Group C2 showed different degrees of improvement in students' mental health at different periods after exercise intervention. Both light and high intensity exercise were effective in improving students' cardiorespiratory capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged tennis exercise improves students' cardiorespiratory capacity and mental health. Tennis exercises of different intensities have better improvement on the weight of sedentary students. Students' physical condition is better impacted by high-intensity tennis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of daily protein intake frequency during 8 weeks of resistance training on lean mass and strength adaptations: a randomized non-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Henrique Tavares, Hamilton Roschel, Vitória Felício, Álvaro Nobrega, Victoria Hevia-Larraín, Lívia S Gonçalves, Tércio Ar Barros, André S Costa, Elizabeth Nascimento","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16698-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16698-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimal protein intake distribution per meal for maximizing muscle mass and strength gains remains debated in current literature. This study investigated the outcomes of different protein distributions on muscle strength and body composition in healthy, young, resistance-trained men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two young resistance-trained men were randomly allocated into two groups based on the number of protein-supplemented meals (>0.24 g/kg/meal): three high-protein meals (PRO3x) or five high-protein meals (PRO5x). Both groups had a similar daily protein intake but different meal distribution patterns. At baseline and after eight weeks of resistance training, subjects were evaluated for the cross-sectional area (CSA) of lower limb muscles (ultrasound), body composition (DXA), body weight, and muscle strength (knee extension 1RM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen participants completed the study protocol and significant improvements over time (P<0.05) were observed in both groups, with increases in lean mass (PRO3x: 1.15±1.54 kg; PRO5x: 0.63±1.32 kg), vastus lateralis muscle CSA (PRO3x: 3.41±3.79 cm²; PRO5x: 2.53±3.31 cm²), and knee extension 1RM (PRO3x: 19.08±7.56 kg; PRO5x: 16.01±5.17 kg), with no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, consuming protein three or five times a day in energetically balanced, optimal amounts per meal is equally effective in supporting resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CrossFit training on bone mineral density in athletes.","authors":"Petr Kutac, David Kolodej, Vaclav Bunc, Miroslav Krajcigr","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16677-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16677-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The volume of physical activity (PA) is decreasing, including those types that would have an impact on bone mineral density (BMD). This leads to a search for suitable and accessible forms of PA with sufficient effects on BMD. CrossFit (CF) could be among these forms of PA. Exercises included in a CrossFit (CF) training program should contain stimuli that lead to bone mass remodeling and, therefore, could positively influence the development and maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). However, the results verifying the effect of CF on BMD are inconsistent in the current studies. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of CrossFit training with an average weekly volume of 511.3±124.4 and 202.5±34.2 minutes in middle-aged individuals on their BMD. Given the number of participants, this study is more of a case study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 36 males divided into three groups. Group G1 was inactive individuals who did not meet the WHO (2020) physical activity (PA) recommendations. Participants were from the 4HAIE project. Group G2 was CF recreational athletes and group G3 was CF competitive athletes. Participants G2 and G3 had been doing regular CF training for at least 2 years. The average duration of training in G2 was 4.0±2.1 years and in G3 5.9±2.4 years. The age of the participants ranged from 26 to 35 years (G1 31.3±2.5, G2 31.9±2.5, G3 29.9±2.3 years). BMD was measured using DXA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that although the G2 group had higher BMD values than G1, the differences were not significant; the P values ranged from 0.180 to 0.617. The G3 group had significantly higher BMD values than G1 and G2. When comparing G3 and G2, the P values ranged from 0.000 to 0.048, while the difference in the lower limbs was not significant (P=0.053 and 0.146). When comparing G3 and G1, the P values ranged from 0.000 to 0.002.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, we can conclude that CF could have a positive effect on BMD, but only if training is performed over a long period and at a high volume, which aligns with the level of PA recommendations for additional health benefits (more than 300 min/week moderate-intensity, or 150 min/week vigorous-intensity) according to the WHO.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}