Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the order of the physical qualities during the microcycle on the weekly external loads and match day's readiness level in highly trained academy soccer players.","authors":"Tom Douchet, Christos Paizis, Nicolas Babault","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16292-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16292-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Highly trained academy soccer practitioners usually implement an aerobic-oriented session followed by a speed-oriented session during the first and second heavy load session of a training week, respectively. This study aimed to investigate if the order of these physical training sessions would influence the external training loads and the subsequent readiness level on match day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five highly trained academy soccer players (12 U17 and 13 U19) participated in two experimental weeks randomly presented. The AEROBIC-SPEED periodization implemented an aerobic-oriented session on MD-4 and a speed-oriented session on MD-2. The SPEED-AEROBIC periodization did the opposite. During these two sessions, players wore a global positioning system and rated their perceived exertion (RPE). Players were also tested on MD-4 for baseline values (CONTROL) and match-day (TEST). Tests included a counter movement jump (CMJ), a 20-m sprint, the Illinois agility test (IAT), and the Hooper questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the aerobic-oriented session, players reported greater distances during AEROBIC-SPEED periodization than SPEED-AEROBIC in 15-20 km/h (1273.53±328.51 m vs. 1174.84±210.33 m, P<0.05) and 20-25 km/h (658.92±264.41 m vs. 478.17±259.10 m, P<0.01). For the speed-oriented session, players reported greater distances during SPEED-AEROBIC than AEROBIC-SPEED periodization in 20-25 km/h (298.84±120.12 m vs. 223.24±114.86 m, P<0.05) and >25 km/h (110.74±34.65 m vs. 84.96±43.85 m, P<0.05). Tests revealed similar values for CONTROL and TEST between the two experimental weeks for CMJ, 20m, IAT and Hooper.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physical qualities (both aerobic and speed), when periodized at the beginning of the week (on MD-4) rather than later (MD-2) showed higher external loads without changing the readiness level on MD. The results emphasize the need to periodize the training contents according to the aim of the cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"478-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current methods for the exercise dose equalization in resistance training drive to markedly different session-induced efforts.","authors":"Marius Grek, Marc Testa, Jean-Francois Toussaint, Andrew Renfree, François-Denis Desgorces","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16428-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16428-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effects comparison of resistance exercises may require equalizing the exercise-induced dose, this is currently done by using methods based on total weight lifted or on sets performed until failure. Dose equalization of resistance training sessions by these methods was analyzed in the present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve trained participants performed five bench-press sessions with a similar relative endpoint determined by the inability to complete a set of 50% of the maximum repetitions number (MNR). Sessions were performed at 50 or 85% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) with sets until failure or sets prescribing 50% of MNR. The last session was performed with a reduced recovery pause to match the exercise density (total weight lifted/pause duration) of a previous session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sessions resulted in different total weight lifted (3158±1592 kg at 85% of 1-RM vs. 5330±1967 at 50%, P<0.001) and number of sets until failure (5.1±1.9 at 85% of 1-RM vs. 2.9±1.1 at 50%, P<0.001). Matching of sessions' density suppressed the differences in the number of sets performed (P=0.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Protocols' equalization based on the total weight lifted is likely to result in exercise volumes close to maximums when performed with heavy loads, whereas equalization based on sets to failure could induce a sets number close to the maximum when performed with light loads. Current methods for protocols equalization rely on gross values of exercise volume without considering maximums, that can result in markedly unbalanced efforts and biased results. Prescribing each exercise volume according to its maximum might optimize the training protocols' equalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"486-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying lower limb skeletal muscle activity changes after 3 months of intrinsic foot muscle training: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tomoyuki Kanayama, Yasushi Takata, Kazuki Asai, Mitsuhiro Kimura, Rikuto Yoshimizu, Seigo Kinuya, Satoru Demura, Junsuke Nakase","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16425-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16425-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot rock-paper-scissors and towel-gathering exercises are widely used for isometric strengthening of intrinsic foot muscles. An initial trial demonstrated that foot rock-paper-scissors and towel-gathering exercises affected skeletal muscles associated with the medial longitudinal arch and toe pressure force, respectively. However, no quantitative reports of interosseous muscle activity after continuous training exist. We aimed to quantitatively assess and compare the impact of foot rock-paper-scissors and towel-gathering exercises on skeletal muscle activity in university athletes over a 3-month period using FDG-PET 3 imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in a university hospital with pre- and post-training PET measurements of muscle activity changes. Eight healthy university athletes were subjected to two 3-month-long exercise regimens: foot rock-paper-scissors and towel-gathering. Skeletal muscle activity changes were quantitatively evaluated using FDG-PET imaging. We defined regions of interest across 25 specific muscles and conducted measurements of toe pressure strength and vertical jump height.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The foot rock-paper-scissors exercise initially impacted medial muscles and later intrinsic foot muscles, including lateral longitudinal arch muscles. The towel-gathering exercise improved toe pressure force and vertical jump. Therefore, each exercise targets specific muscle groups differently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Foot rock-paper-scissors and towel-gathering exercises have distinct effects on skeletal muscle activity. The former primarily enhances medial intrinsic muscles, while the latter improves toe pressure force and vertical jump ability. This highlights the importance of selecting specific exercises for targeted muscle training in athletic and rehabilitation settings. Further research is suggested to extend these findings to broader athletic populations and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"524-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury incidence and patterns among Dutch calisthenics athletes: a cross-sectional observational study.","authors":"Yaad S Mohammad, Mirwais Mehrab, Adam Weir","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16122-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16122-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the injury incidence rate among calisthenics athletes and explore the factors associated with injuries, including demographic and athlete characteristics, as well as injury patterns and skill levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data from Dutch calisthenics athletes using an electronic questionnaire administered between February and March 2020. The inclusion criteria required participants to be calisthenics athletes willing to take part and aged over 18 years. Exclusion criteria were applied for individuals residing outside the Netherlands and those who did not comprehend the Dutch or English language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 401 athletes responded to the survey, of whom 181 met the inclusion criteria. The injury incidence rate over the previous 12 months was 59%. The most frequently injured body parts were the shoulders (32%), wrists (15%), elbows (10%), and back (10%). Several factors were significantly associated with the injury incidence rate, including the duration of participation in calisthenics (6-12 months, 1-2 years, and 2-4 years), doing multiple training sessions per day, utilizing technique training as a warm-up, and possessing an intermediate skill level in power elements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed an injury incidence rate of 59% among calisthenics athletes over the previous 12 months. Calisthenics athletes most often injure their shoulders, wrists, elbows, and back. Athletes who had been training for 6 months to 4 years, did engage in multiple training sessions per day, used technique training as a warm-up, and had an intermediate skill level in power elements were associated with an increased risk of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"539-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of neuromuscular fatigue induced by various modes of isometric handgrip exercise on post-exercise blood pressure responses.","authors":"Hao Zhu, Li He, Jiaqi Guo, Binfeng Huang, Jeannette Elliott, Yih-Kuen Jan","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16529-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16529-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) is recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for managing blood pressure. However, the effect of various modes of IHE on neuromuscular fatigue and post-exercise blood pressure responses have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the duration and muscle mass factors of IHE on post-exercise blood pressure responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy participants were recruited for this repeated-measures study. Three isometric protocols with similar exercise load were conducted on 3 different days including: 1) unilateral IHE at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 minutes; 2) bilateral IHE at 30% MVC for 1 minute; and 3) unilateral IHE at 20% MVC for 3 minutes. Each exercise had four bouts of IHE with two minutes of rest between bouts. The median frequency (MDF) and root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography was used to assess the level of neuromuscular fatigue in the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), extensor carpi radialis longus (ECR), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation analysis revealed that FDS MDF fatigue during the bilateral IHE was moderately correlated with the immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure change (SBP, r=0.456, P<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure change (DBP, r=0.682, P<0.01) and ten-minute post-exercise SBP change (r=0.510, P<0.05) and DBP change (r=0.569, P<0.01) during bilateral IHE at 30% MVC for 1 min. The RMS results indicate a significant correlation between ECR and DBP immediate post-exercise (r=-0.634, P<0.01) and DBP 10-minute post exercise (r=-0.484, P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that neuromuscular fatigue of FDS and ECR of IHE are related to post-exercise blood pressure changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"571-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-race medical clearance in 60,609 distance running race entrants: which entrants sought clearance, what physicians did, and what was the outcome? SAFER XXXVII.","authors":"Christili Muller, Martin Schwellnus, Dina C Janse VAN Rensburg, Esme Jordaan, Nicola Sewry","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16523-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16523-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical clearance is often recommended for athletes prior to endurance exercise. The primary aim was to determine the percentage (%) of race entrants that sought medical clearance prior to participation in endurance running events, describe the diagnostic modalities used by doctors to assess entrants seeking medical clearance, and the clearance advice given. Secondary aims were to investigate the factors associated with seeking and outcome of clearance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All consenting race entrants who completed an online screening questionnaire during registration to participate in the 21.1 km or 56 km Two Oceans marathon races from 2013-2015 (N.=60,609) were included. Runners were stratified into four risk categories: low risk (LR), intermediate risk (IR), high risk (HR) and very high risk (VHR). Runners were asked if they consulted with a medical doctor to obtain medical clearance. Follow-up questions enquired about what the doctor did when they sought medical clearance and what advice the doctor gave as an outcome of the medical clearance consultation. Prevalence (%, 95% CI) and Prevalence Ratios (PRs) are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 3-year period, 14.8% of entrants sought medical clearance. For clearance, doctors used history only (9.9%), history and physical examination (36.7%) and history, physical examination, and special investigations (53.0%). Most entrants seeking medical clearance were fully cleared to race (87.7% in 21.1 km and 85.9% in 56 km) (P=0.0156). Factors associated with seeking medical clearance include longer race distance, older age and a higher risk category (P<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The methods doctors use when conducting medical clearance consultations vary greatly. Further research is suggested to develop a protocol that doctors can use for medical consultations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"562-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discipline-specific adaptation patterns in respiratory and lower limb musculotendinous structures: cyclists vs. basketball players.","authors":"Leonardo Cesanelli, Deividas Saveikis, Daniele Conte, Danguole Satkunskiene","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16429-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16429-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed at assessing how chronic exposure to specific exercise training (high-intensity intervals vs. endurance), comparing experienced basketball-players (BP, N.=16), cyclists (CY, N.=16), and non-specifically trained individuals (CN, N.=16), influences the structural and functional characteristics of both lower limb and respiratory musculotendinous structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and medialis, diaphragm muscles, as well as patellar tendon and Achilles tendon, were assessed using B-mode ultrasonography. Maximal voluntary isometric and passive torque measurements were conducted in the knee-extensors and plantar-flexors. Additionally, a subset of participants (N.=10 for each group) underwent a fatigue-inducing exercise-till-exhaustion protocol, and the strength of lower limb and respiratory muscles was evaluated immediately before and after the trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Athletes had bigger and stronger musculotendinous structures and greater endurance to fatigue than CN (P<0.05). BP had bigger plantar-flexors and diaphragm, greater fascicles length, more explosive plantar-flexors and respiratory muscles and bigger tendons than CY (P<0.05). On the other hand, CY showed greater muscle pennation angle and greater endurance to fatigue for both, lower limb, and respiratory muscles (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study emphasizes that chronic and specific exercise training leads to distinctive adaptations, not only in lower limb musculotendinous structures but also in other components such as respiratory muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"493-506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ketosis induced by on delayed-onset muscle soreness, inflammation and redox status: a randomized, open-label, crossover pilot study.","authors":"Yoshihiko Mano, Nobuo Fukuda","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16137-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16137-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies show that ketosis caused by the consumption of low-carbohydrate diets improves cognitive functions and that ketogenic diets can be used to treat epilepsy. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that ketosis regulates pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thus, we investigated the effects of ketosis induced by a low-carbohydrate diet on muscle soreness, inflammation, and redox status in human subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method was an open-label, crossover, pilot study. The study included eight men with no exercise habits associated with muscle soreness and consumed a low-carbohydrate and a normal diet for 6 days. Each dietary intake was for 3 days, and the participants performed the isotonic exercise on the fourth day. Before and after the exercise (immediately after, 24 h later, and 48 h later), the subjective value of muscle soreness, interleukin-6 level, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, total ketone bodies, and redox status biomarkers were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the low-carbohydrate-diet group showed no significant difference in the subjective value of muscle soreness, whereas the normal diet group showed a significant increase in the subjective muscle soreness scale after 24 h. There were no significant changes in biomarkers of inflammation and redox status in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This result suggests that ketosis caused by consuming a low-carbohydrate diet suppresses delayed-onset muscle soreness. However, the ketosis state did not suppress inflammation or oxidative stress markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"531-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term volleyball training on multimodal responses in adolescent female athletes: a follow-up study.","authors":"Nobuo Yasuda","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16116-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16116-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term (10 months) volleyball training on biochemical responses in adolescent female athletes since the cumulative effects of chronic training on this population are not yet clear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one adolescent female volleyball players competing at the national level served as the participants. All athletes carried out volleyball training, which consisted of ball handling, specialized drills, and practical game-style exercises, including physical training in the school gymnasium. The average training cycle consisted of 6 days per week, with a total of about 2 to 2.5 hours of volleyball training per day. In order to determine the cumulative effects on autonomic, immune, renal function and bone resorption, salivary and urinary samples were collected before volleyball training on 3 consecutive days (days 1, 3 and 5) at months 0 and 10, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in body mass, salivary secretion rate, urinary albumin, L-type fatty acid binding protein and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide concentration were found. In contrast, significant decreases were noted in salivary α-amylase activity (% change: -22.9), total protein (%change: -21.4), and immunoglobulin A concentration (% change: -20.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study imply that the autonomic function after chronic volleyball training in adolescent female athletes may be enhanced due to training adaptation, although the immune function may be attenuated as a result of cumulative overtraining. Moreover, long-term volleyball training in adolescent female athletes appears to suppress bone resorption and not to induce cumulative damage to renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"468-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in landing biomechanics between adolescent athletes with anterior knee pain and healthy controls.","authors":"Inje Lee, Sunghe Ha","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16495-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16495-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify differences in the landing biomechanics of adolescent athletes with anterior knee pain (AKP) compared with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten adolescent athletes with AKP and 10 healthy controls performed landing tasks in order to analyze 3D lower-extremity joint angles, moment, and power, ground reaction force (GRF), and vertical stiffness. Time-series data were analyzed from initial contact (0%) to the point of maximum knee flexion (100%) using ensemble curve analyses, while discrete points were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AKP group exhibited greater peak vertical GRF (vGRF), higher loading rates, and shorter time to peak vGRF (P<0.05) compared with controls. Ensemble curve analyses revealed greater vGRF (6-11%) in the AKP group. Sagittal plane examinations revealed the AKP group to have reduced plantar flexion angles (0-2%), dorsiflexion angles (43-100%), plantar flexor moments (11-100%), ankle shock absorption (17-20%, 23-38%, 56-59%), and knee extensor moments (51-89%) in the AKP group. Moreover, the AKP group exhibited greater knee shock absorption (14-18%), hip power generation (10-12%), and hip shock absorption (97-100%). In the frontal plane, AKP was associated with increased evertor moment (1-3%), knee valgus angle (0-6%), and hip abductor moment (6-8%). Transverse plane analysis showed the hip external-rotator moment to be greater (22-24%) among the AKP group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the effects of AKP on landing biomechanics in adolescent athletes. These insights reveal potential injury mechanisms and may serve as a guide for the development of rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}