Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Effects of maturational status on physical performance of elite youth football players.","authors":"Joey Schubert, Mikkel Wisler, Mathias Kristiansen, Mads Lerche","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17661-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17661-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biological maturation on physical performance in countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint time (5, 10, 25 and 30m) and maximal sprinting speed in adolescent elite football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred twenty-one male adolescent elite football players from AaB Academy were included in the trial. In total, 515 physical tests on CMJ and sprint performance were carried out during the time of data collection (2020-2023). Maturation status was calculated as percent of predicted adult height (%PAH). Five groups, based on %PAH were formed to investigate the differences in physical performance due to biological maturation status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anthropometry as well as physical performance differed significantly (P<0.05) between all five maturation groups. The largest effect sizes were detected during the adolescent growth spurt which occurred from just before to just after peak height velocity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that physical performance of adolescent elite football players measured on CMJ, sprint time (5, 10, 25 and 30m) and maximal sprinting speed varies based on different time points in the biological maturation period. The players located close to peak height velocity experienced a significant increase in performance compared to players located in the remaining bands.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex influence on the resting physiological responses to different levels of normobaric hypoxia in young, trained population.","authors":"Miguel Escudero, Belén Feriche, Sergio Pérez-Regalado, Filipa Almeida, Juan Bonitch-Gongora, Paulino Padial, Cristina Benavente","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17856-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17856-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the influence of sex on the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<inf>2</inf>) and heart rate (HR) after being exposed to different levels of normobaric hypoxia (NH) at rest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-five trained volunteers (44 males and 21 females) were randomly exposed twice to a low (FiO<inf>2</inf>=17.4%; 1500 m asl.), moderate (FiO<inf>2</inf>=15.4%; 2500 m a.s.l.), and severe (FiO<inf>2</inf>=13.4%; 3500 m a.s.l.) NH with at least 48 hours between them. SpO<inf>2</inf> and HR were monitored at baseline and during 25 min of hypoxic exposure at rest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that the female group presented higher SpO<inf>2</inf> values at normoxia (ES 0.146; P<0.01) and at low (ES 0.153; P<0.001), moderate (ES 0.067; P<0.05) and severe NH (ES 0.133; P<0.01). Additionally, the female group was able to stabilize their response after 5 min at every altitude, while the male group required 10 min to acclimatize at severe NH and 5 min at low and moderate intensity. The HR values did not differ at any moment of any altitude, but when exposed to severe NH males needed 5 min to acclimatize (P<0.001), while females values remained the same as baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, females stabilized their SpO<inf>2</inf> values faster than men at severe altitudes, particularly at 3500 m, despite no HR differences between sexes. These findings suggest that physiological adjustments during NH exposure are different between sexes and should be considered when performing interventions or training sessions in hypoxic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up to date comprehensive review of atraumatic shoulder instability: anatomy, causes, management, and psychosocial considerations.","authors":"Kayaththery Varathan, Ali Hamad, Rory Dyke, Khaled Yaghmour, Loay A Salman, Harman Khatkar","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17424-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17424-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atraumatic shoulder instability (ASI) poses a significant challenge in orthopedic practice, characterized by functional and anatomical deficits in the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) resulting from chronic overuse rather than acute trauma. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of ASI, covering its anatomy, etiology, the influence of psychosocial factors and primarily focusing on management strategies. The management of ASI is a central focus for restoring normal biomechanical and anatomical function of the injured upper extremity. A literature review was conducted, seeking to further understand the current treatment approaches of this condition. The management of ASI employs differing combinations of physiotherapy, rehabilitation and surgery, with treatment dictated by patient stratification models and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical stratification of patients along a diagnostic continuum aid devising appropriate patient-centered treatment and is based on the extent of anatomical disruption. Exercise-focused therapy, particularly the Watson Instability Program, is highlighted as a promising approach, emphasizing scapular and rotator cuff muscle strengthening to restore active shoulder control. Surgical interventions, such as open inferior capsular shift, arthroscopic capsular plication, and electrothermal arthroscopic capsulorrhaphy, are discussed in detail, with emphasis on their indications, outcomes, and comparative effectiveness. We also shed a light on the psychosocial factors role in ASI management outcomes, underscoring the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in patient care. In summary, ASI management necessitates a holistic approach that integrates anatomical understanding, tailored treatment protocols, and consideration of psychosocial factors. Further research is warranted to refine treatment strategies, validate rehabilitation programs, and explore the interplay between psychological factors and physical outcomes in ASI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling Fireball Extreme Challenge™ athletes: an exploratory multidimensional study in an emerging co-ed sport.","authors":"Pablo T Ríos-Gallardo, Pedro J Gotoo-Vázquez, Jeannette López-Walle, Francisco J Mendoza-Farias, Martha O Figueroa-Jimenez, Samuel Montalvo","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17557-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17557-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fireball Extreme Challenge^TM is a coeducational high-intensity intermittent-explosive sport that lacks normative performance data; this study aimed to create multidimensional athlete profiles and establish reference benchmarks to support talent identification and training prescription.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one national-level athletes (13 males and 8 females; mean age 26.2±5.8 years) completed countermovement jump, one-repetition maximum strength assessment, bilateral handgrip testing, and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test under standardized indoor (21 °C, 50% relative humidity) and outdoor (37 °C, 68% relative humidity) field conditions representative of the athletes' typical training environment in coastal southern Mexico, recorded for ecological validity rather than thermal control. We calculated descriptive statistics and percentile distributions (25^th, 50^th, 75^th), performed sex-stratified analyses adjusted for age, and conducted exploratory principal component and cluster analyses to examine interdomain associations and emergent performance groupings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all participants, the observed performance spectrum spanned a broad range of neuromuscular and metabolic capacities, with individual variability captured through percentile reference values (25^th, 50^th, 75^th). The highest jump heights (up to 48 cm) and peak power outputs (≈2100 W) coexisted with moderate endurance and balanced heart rate responses, defining the multidimensional nature of Fireball Extreme Challenge^™ performance. Sex-stratified distributions are presented descriptively but were not the primary analytical outcome. Principal component analysis identified two dominant performance domains - neuromuscular power and metabolic strain - explaining 59% of total variance. Hierarchical clustering revealed three mixed profiles that integrated both male and female athletes, illustrating overlapping phenotypes rather than categorical differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first multidimensional performance profile of Fireball Extreme Challenge^™ athletes, establishing normative reference percentiles and identifying key physical domains - neuromuscular power and metabolic capacity - that characterize success in this coeducational, high-intensity team sport. The derived phenotypic clusters highlight overlapping attributes between male and female athletes, reflecting the integrated dynamics of mixed-team performance. These findings offer a foundational framework for evidence-based training design, athlete monitoring, and future validation in larger international cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"593-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of a trail running submaximal treadmill test and its relationship with flat surface running economy.","authors":"Simon J DE Waal, Shaundre D Jacobs, Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17316-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17316-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cost of exercise increases as a function of incline up to +15% and directly proportional to slope above +15%. Trail running racing consist of significant uphill locomotion at submaximal intensities, but the reliability of submaximal uphill treadmill running tests has not yet been established in ultra-trail runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three male ultra-trail runners (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>) 59.7±6.5 ml∙min^-1∙kg^-1) completed two uphill and one flat Submaximal Treadmill Running Test (STRT) separated by 7 days each. Uphill STRT test-retest reliability was measured via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error of measurement (TEM), and typical error percentage (TEM%) for V̇O<inf>2</inf>, heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), running economy (RE), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Relationships between uphill and flat STRT were determined via Pearson correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Highest reliability and lowest TEM% were found in HR (ICC: 0.86-0.94; TEM%: 1.9-3.6%), while reliability in V̇O<inf>2</inf> (ICC: 0.57-0.89; TEM%: 2.7-5.4%), RE (ICC: 0.57-0.89; TEM%: 2.7-5.4%), and RER (ICC: 0.67-0.86; TEM%: 1.8-2.6%) had greater variation between the five stages of the uphill STRT. RPE was least reliable (ICC: 0.57-0.70; TEM%: 9.6-13.3%). Moderate to strong correlations between the uphill and flat STRT HR were observed (r=0.69-0.89), with weaker correlations between flat and 5-10% uphill RE (r=0.45-0.81), and no relationship between flat and +25% RE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The uphill STRT has good overall reliability, showing potential as a training monitoring tool. However, flat and steep uphill (+25%) RE were not correlated indicating the need for uphill testing amongst trail running populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"614-623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical profiling of national talent pathway age-group and senior national basketball players from England.","authors":"Thomas I Gee, Robert Crump, Steven N Rands, Mark D Williams","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17577-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17577-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to conduct physical profiling within national talent pathway age-group and senior national male and female England basketball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total 235 players (male, 124; female, 111) from squads U14, U15, U16, U18, and senior featured. The testing battery featured; anthropometrics, countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint, modified 5-0-5 change of direction test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no differences in CMJ (P=0.659) between female groups (29.9-33.0 cm). CMJ was significantly different across male groups (P<0.001), senior players having a greater jump height (45.3 cm) than U14, U15 and U16 (P<0.05). There were no differences in 10-m sprint time for female (1.95-2.01 s) (P=0.469) and male groups (1.74-1.83 s) (P=0.055). There were significant differences within both female and male groups for 5-0-5L and 5-0-5R (P<0.001) with U14 and U15 females being slower (+0.12 to +0.20 s) and male performance showing a linear improvement with group age, U14 being slower than all other groups (+0.07 to +0.27 s). Significant correlations existed for both sexes between CMJ and 10-m (males; -0.582, females; -0.699) and between CMJ and both 5-0-5L (males: -0.397, females: -0.375) and 5-0-5R (males: -0.454, females: -0.370) (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study's data and findings can be used to inform practice and guide the long-term strategy regarding physical development of talented young basketball players particularly within the national talent pathway in England.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"606-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply to: \"Evaluation of the effects of a technical sock on sleep dynamics\".","authors":"Alexander Bertuccioli, Annalisa Belli, Giordano B Zonzini, Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Marco Cardinali, Francesco DI Pierro, Aurora Gregoretti, Nicola Zerbinati, Maria R Matera, Ilaria Cavecchia, Chiara M Palazzi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17904-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17904-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"680-681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximalist running shoes: from performance innovation to clinical application in musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17626-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17626-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"681-682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of injuries among Slovenian sport climbers.","authors":"Sonja Hlebš, Tjaž Brezovar","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17607-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17607-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rock climbing is associated with a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries, yet limited data exist for Slovenian sport climbers. Understanding the prevalence, types, and mechanisms of injuries is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 191 Slovenian sport climbers registered with the national federation. The questionnaire assessed demographics, climbing characteristics, and injury-related variables using the UIAA injury definition. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Šidák post-hoc) and Spearman correlations examined associations between injury counts and climbing variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall incidence was 5.2 injuries per 1000 climbing hours. Men sustained more injuries than women (2.8±3.1 vs. 2.0±2.6; P=0.022). The number of injuries correlated weakly with weekly climbing hours (ρ=0.20; P=0.005) and climbing difficulty (ρ=0.20; P=0.007). A strong positive correlation was found between climbing experience and climbing difficulty (ρ=0.55; P<0.001). Upper extremity injuries predominated (82%), particularly fingers (50%), shoulders (32%), and elbows (16%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Slovenian climbers exhibit a high injury burden, dominated by finger and shoulder injuries. Gender differences appear behavioral, reflecting route selection rather than exposure. Preventive routines were not associated with lower injury frequency, highlighting the need for specific, climbing-oriented programs, such as a joint-by-joint training approach. Future prospective studies should incorporate objective biomechanical assessments, to refine prevention and rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatotype, age, and neuromuscular performance in elite youth football players.","authors":"Nikolaos Androulakis, Christos Tsiakiris, Nikolaos Koundourakis","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17476-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17476-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatotype has been linked to physical performance in youth athletes, but its independent contribution to power development, particularly in relation to biological maturity, remains underexplored. This study examined whether somatotype and age independently influence neuromuscular performance in elite youth football players and whether these effects persist after normalization for body mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 106 elite male academy players aged 15 to 18 years were classified as mesomorphic or ectomorphic using the Heath-Carter method. Performance tests included vertical jumps from a squat position and with countermovement, lower-limb peak power (estimated via a validated field equation), and an index estimating stretch-shortening cycle efficiency. Relative power (W·kg^-1) was also calculated to account for body-mass dependence. Analyses included multivariate and variance testing, to explore independent effects of somatotype and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mesomorphic players produced significantly higher power output than ectomorphic players; older athletes also exhibited greater power. No interaction was observed between somatotype and age group. However, when normalized to body mass, between-group differences were no longer significant, indicating that the apparent mesomorphic advantage reflected greater mass rather than superior neuromuscular efficiency. No significant somatotype effect was observed for the Elasticity Index (P=0.098). Logistic regression correctly classified 72.6% of somatotypes, but specificity for ectomorphs was very low (11.5%), indicating that power-based profiling is ineffective for identifying ectomorphic players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Somatotype and age independently influence power performance in elite youth football players. Nevertheless, relative power analysis demonstrated that morphological differences primarily underlie these effects. Power metrics alone lack diagnostic validity for morphological classification and should complement, rather than replace, anthropometric assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}