Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Baroreflex control of heart rate at rest and during exercise in microgravity conditions.","authors":"Marco Alfonso Perrone, Giuseppe Caminiti, Maurizio Aracri, Maurizio Volterrani, Ferdinando Iellamo","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17955-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17955-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most important features of prolonged weightlessness is a progressive impairment of muscular function. Physiological modifications related to exposure to microgravity, e.g. altered blood volume distribution, impaired myocardial function, and a decrease in stroke volume, in addition to the alterations in muscular function, contribute to the reduced physical exercise capacity commonly reported after space flight. The interplay between muscular, hemodynamic and body fluid modifications occurring in microgravity could alter also the neural mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation both in resting conditions and during exercise in comparison to those that are normally operating on the ground. Indeed, an impairment in arterial baroreflex control of heart rate has been reported in the resting state during spaceflight. Moreover, cardiovascular and autonomic responses to exercise have been reported to be either impaired or preserved after simulated or actual microgravity conditions. Differences in results might depend on different experimental settings: the majority of studies on exercise in microgravity have been conducted using handgrips as a convenient model of muscular exercise. However, microgravity-induced muscular impairment involves mainly the antigravity muscles, i.e. leg muscles, which are those primarily involved in the reduced exercise capacity and hence are more representative of the marked changes in the musculoskeletal system induced by microgravity. This brief review aims to summarize current knowledge on baroreflex control of heart rate in resting and exercise conditions in microgravity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden of low cardiorespiratory fitness in France.","authors":"Samuel Pereira, Justin J Lang, Grant R Tomkinson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Mathilde Touvier, Jean-Michel Oppert, Léopold K Fezeu, Jérémy Vanhelst","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17888-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17888-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimating the economic burden of low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may help quantify its impact on healthcare costs and productivity losses. The aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of low CRF in France. The second objective was to estimate the cost savings associated with a 10% reduction in the prevalence of low CRF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prevalence-based approach was used to quantify the direct (health care) costs of low CRF, with direct costs estimated using data from the French National Health Insurance system. Indirect costs (productivity losses due to premature mortality or morbidity) were assessed using a friction cost approach. The same methodology was applied to model the economic impact of a 10% reduction in the prevalence of low CRF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some 26.9% of males and 63.1% of females were identified as having low CRF in France. In 2024, the most expensive NCDs attributable to low CRF in terms of direct costs were type 2 diabetes (€ 1.993 billion), heart failure (€ 1.598 billion) and dementia (€ 1.137 billion). The total direct costs attributable to low CRF represented 5.6% of the total annual National Health expenditure in 2024. Indirect costs attributable to low CRF were estimated at € 4.775 billion. A 10% absolute reduction in low CRF would result in an estimated avoided cost (direct and indirect) of € 3.090 billion (18.9%) per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low CRF represents a substantial economic burden in France. Improving CRF at the population level could generate significant health and productivity savings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pain Fitness Hypothesis: how early physical activity trains the brain to cope with pain.","authors":"Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18383-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18383-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The presence of diabetes in chronic kidney disease is associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness.","authors":"Rachel E Colbran, Liam P Voysey, Erin J Howden, Anthony S Leicht, Nicole Isbel, Jeff S Coombes, Kassia S Beetham","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17225-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17225-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, which is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic nervous system function in patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease (27 without diabetes mellitus and 45 with diabetes mellitus), and 22 age-matched controls were included. Autonomic function was assessed through measurement of time, frequency and non-linear components of heart rate variability (HRV) during a 5-min supine electrocardiography recording. Cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by peak oxygen uptake [VO<inf>2peak</inf>]) was assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several HRV parameters (6 out of 11 variables) were significantly lower (P<0.05) in patients with chronic kidney disease compared to healthy controls. Further, the majority of HRV parameters, and VO<inf>2peak</inf>, were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. A multiple linear regression identified age, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes status as significant predictors of VO<inf>2peak</inf> in patients with CKD (adjusted R²=0.51, P<0.001), however there was no association between VO<inf>2peak</inf> and HRV (standard deviation of the N-N interval). This lack of association remained when an SDNN and diabetes interaction was included in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CKD patients with diabetes have worsened heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to those without diabetes. However, there is no association between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of diabetes status. Future research should investigate other pathological systems which may be contributing to reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in the CKD population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical characteristics of Olympic trial qualifiers versus non-qualifiers in competitive swimming.","authors":"Hiroki Takayama, Ryosuke Takane, Tadanari Umeda, Masatoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17990-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17990-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-performance swimming requires specific physical attributes to optimize propulsion and minimize drag. While start, turn, and underwater phases are critical, comprehensive comparisons of physical characteristics between elite and sub-elite swimmers remain limited. This study aimed to investigate whether differences exist in physical characteristics related to performance between high-performance competitive swimmers (Olympic trial qualifiers) and average competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three male competitive swimmers were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Measured variables included vertical jump height, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles in a streamlined position, ankle plantar flexion range of motion assessed by toe-floor distance, and shoulder joint extensor torque in an elevated position. The measurements were taken between March and April 2023. Participants were categorized into a High-performance group (N.=14) comprising athletes who competed in the Paris Olympic selection trials in March 2024, and a Normal group (N.=19) consisting of national age-group level swimmers who did not qualify.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The High-performance group demonstrated significantly greater vertical jump height compared to the Normal group (61.9 vs. 55.1 cm). Additionally, the High-performance group exhibited significantly lower toe-floor distance values (7.3 vs. 8.9 cm), indicating superior ankle plantar flexion flexibility. No significant differences were found between groups regarding spinal alignment angles or shoulder extension strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Swimmers qualifying for Olympic trials possess significantly higher vertical jump height and greater ankle plantar flexion range of motion than non-qualifiers. These characteristics appear fundamental for optimizing starts, turns, and underwater undulatory swimming. Consequently, vertical jump height and ankle flexibility may be considered characteristics of elite competitive swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Split-set resistance training in-season increases maximal vertical power without enhancing athletic performance: a comparison with failure training in youth handball players.","authors":"Tobias Buk Jørgensen, Bjørk W Helge, Rikke L Larsen, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen, Lars Nybo","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17961-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17961-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We tested the hypothesis that splitting resistance training sets would increase lifting velocity and lead to superior athletic performance adaptations, without compromising strength or muscle hypertrophy, compared to volume-matched sets performed to failure in youth handball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty resistance-trained youth handball players (8 females, 22 males; 18±2 years) completed a seven-week lower-body program performed either as all sets to failure (FAILURE) or volume-matched with repetitions split into double the number of sets (SPLIT). Pre- and post-intervention testing included one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat (BS), squat jump (SJ) force-velocity (FV) profiling, one-legged jump and reach (JR), 20 m and change of direction (COD) sprints, and ultrasound assessment of the quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean propulsive training velocity was significantly higher in SPLIT compared to FAILURE (P<0.05). Both groups showed similar improvements in 1RM (15%, both P<0.001) and unloaded SJ height (6%, both P<0.02), with no significant between-group differences in regional or muscle-specific hypertrophy (P>0.05). However, only SPLIT increased maximal vertical power (P<inf>max</inf>, P<0.05) in the FV profile, with a medium effect on theoretical unloaded velocity (V<inf>0</inf>, ES=0.52, P=0.06). No changes were observed in JR, 20 m sprint, or COD performance in either group (all P>0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that split set resistance training increases training velocity and enhances P<inf>max</inf> but does not translate to superior improvements in strength, hypertrophy, or athletic performance compared to traditional failure training in already trained youth handball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise heart rate kinetics in individuals with and without a family history of hypertension.","authors":"Evan L Matthews, Lauren I Mendonça, Robert R Horn","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18038-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18038-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young adults with a family history of hypertension (+FHH) are genetically predisposed to hypertension development and share similar cardiovascular characteristics of adults with established hypertension. Exercise heart rate (HR) kinetics is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system and is likely altered in +FHH compared to adults without a family history of hypertension (-FHH). This observational research aimed to study HR kinetics in +FHH during physical activity modalities that relate to activities of daily living (i.e., walking and stair climbing/stepping).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed a maximal treadmill test and submaximal stepping test with continuously monitored HR. Exercise onset HR responses from rest through the first 10, 20, and 30 s of treadmill (3.2 km/h 1% grade) and stepping (30.5 cm 24 steps/min) exercise were analyzed. Postexercise HR recovery (HRR) was analyzed using peak HR vs. 15 s postexercise HR for both modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven young healthy adults participated (-FHH=22, age: 23±4 years, resting blood pressure 111±9/74±8, resting HR 76±14; +FHH=15, age: 23±3 years P=0.854, resting blood pressure 115±12/73±7 P=0.341/0.914, resting HR 68±12 P=0.116). Treadmill exercise onset HR was greater in the +FHH group (10 s 30.9±11.7, 20 s 36.6±11.4, 30 s 39.1±10.8 ∆BPM) compared to the -FHH group (10 s 23.6±9.6, 20 s 28.0±10.1, 30 s 31.2±12.0 ∆BPM; group P=0.028) with no group effect for HRR. There were no group differences for exercise onset HR or HRR during stepping exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>+FHH experience exaggerated heart rate responses at the onset of low intensity walking suggesting altered autonomic function and likely greater parasympathetic withdrawal. This may impact clinical outcomes and hypertension development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower leg injury risk factors in international male lacrosse players: the acute effects of a Sixes match.","authors":"Matthew W Collier, Lesley McBride, Seth O'Neill, Nicholas J Ripley","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17954-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17954-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>World Lacrosse Sixes (Sixes) is a new variant of the sport of lacrosse and lower limb injuries are highly prevalent. Currently, no studies have been conducted that identify the modifiable injury risk factors associated with this variant. The aim of this study was to observe the acute effects of Sixes lacrosse gameplay on lower limb injury risk factors in male international Sixes lacrosse players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten international male outfield Sixes lacrosse players (24.8±2.6 years, 180.2±8.8 cm, 90.1±7.6 kg) performed isometric plantar flexion strength, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, and countermovement jump pre- and postcompetitive match play.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes were observed in plantar flexion strength in either the dominant or non-dominant limb. A small, yet statistically significant increase in dorsiflexion range of motion was found in the non-dominant limb (P≤0.001, g=0.31), while changes in the dominant limb were trivial and non-significant. Countermovement jump performance showed no significant differences in jump height, time to take-off, or reactive strength index-modified (P>0.05). A small increase in countermovement depth (P=0.052, g=-0.26) and body mass (P=0.006, g=0.09) was observed postmatch.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participation in a single Sixes lacrosse match resulted in a small increase in ankle dorsiflexion and altered countermovement jump strategy. Further research is needed to assess the cumulative effects of repeated match-play in tournament settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"1049-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When injuries become financial losses: an analysis of injury-specific cost in Serie A.","authors":"Laura Nieto-Torrejón, Pedro E Alcaraz","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18018-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18018-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Professional football is characterized by high physical and psychological demands that increase players' risk of injury and may affect their availability throughout the competitive season. Although injuries are known to influence team performance, their economic implications remain insufficiently quantified in elite competitions such as the Italian Serie A.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted across the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 Serie A seasons, including all 20 participating teams. Injury incidence, type of injury, and matches missed due to injury were obtained in collaboration to a sports consultancy. Player non-availability was calculated as the proportion of missed matches relative to total matches played across domestic and international competitions. The financial impact associated with injury-related absence was estimated using team-level salary data. Teams were grouped into performance quartiles based on final league ranking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1315 injuries were recorded in 2021/2022 and 1134 in 2022/2023. Muscle injuries were the most frequent, followed by joint injuries. Injury-related player absence accounted for 3124 missed matches in 2021/2022 and 2360 in 2022/2023. The estimated financial impact reached € 135 million and € 91.8 million, respectively. Teams in the third performance quartile showed significantly lower injury incidence and fewer missed matches compared with other quartiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strategies aimed at optimizing player availability, such as training load monitoring and squad rotation, may contribute to reduced both performance limitations and the economic impact associated with time-loss injuries in elite football.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 9","pages":"1059-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148969412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences during stop-ball small-sided games in youth soccer.","authors":"Nicola Trotta, Luigi Armiento, Rosario D'Onofrio, Italo Sannicandro","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17965-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17965-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stop-ball small-sided games (SSGs-SB) have been proposed as an effective scoring method to influence physical and physiological responses in young soccer player. The aim of present study is to examine the differences in external and internal load variables across U-13, U-14 and U-15 players during SSGs-SB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six male soccer players (32 players in each group) from teams competing in Italian regional championship were involved. The experimental design consisted of a 4 vs. 4 played on a 25×20 m pitch, including 4x3' of work separated by 2 min of passive recovery. During SSG-SB, players were monitored using 18.18 Hz global positioning system devices (GPEXE^® SYSTEM, EXELIO srl, Udine, Italy). Total distance, peak velocity, distance covered at high-speed running 13-18 km∙h^-1, sprint running >18 km∙h^-1, number of sprint, acceleration >2.5 m∙s^-2, deceleration <-2.5 m∙s^-2, maximal acceleration and deceleration, high metabolic load distance and rating of perceived exertion were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>U-15 team exhibited greater physical demands compared with U-13 team (P<0.001 for all comparisons), whereas younger counterparts significantly (P<0.001) reported higher RPE scores than U-15 players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study suggests that SSGs-SB designs should be tailored according to chronological age to support an appropriate long-term development process in youth soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"1024-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}