Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Effects of physical activity and exercise interventions in health-related variables in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients during clinical treatment: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.","authors":"Imanol Morante-Sainz, Iñaki Ruiz-Pérez, Sara Maldonado-Martin","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17121-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17121-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer-related fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are common among lymphoma patients undergoing treatment. Exercise may be safe and feasible for individuals with hematological malignancies, with potential benefits in mitigating treatment-related toxicity and enhancing treatment tolerance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on health-related outcomes such as HRQOL, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fatigue, and body composition in this population.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched following PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024497531).</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Five studies (N.=118, 68.6±9.04 years) were included. HRQOL components such as physical functioning (95% CI: 2.97, 26.41), body pain (95% CI: 6.26, 17.35), general health (95% CI: 3.20, 29.72), vitality (95% CI: 4.54, 27.09), emotional role functioning (95% CI: 1.43, 69.50), and mental health (95% CI: 14.73, 21.50) and lower limb strength measured by the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (95% CI: 1.11, 3.48) significantly (P<0.05) improved. No significant effects were found for fatigue, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, or cardiorespiratory fitness. The skeletal muscle index significantly decreased (95% CI: -0.5, -0.13; P<0.05), indicating ongoing muscle loss despite exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the safety and feasibility of exercise for patients with hematological cancers, showing moderate improvements in physical function and HRQOL. However, heterogeneity in study designs and small sample sizes limit the generalizability of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 3","pages":"453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of blood flow restriction training in upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Feifan Chen, Liping Yan, Chuangxin Huang, Mei Wang, Zhiguang Zhao, Qirong Wang","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17232-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17232-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of traditional exercise (using low-load resistance training (LLRT) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR)) on functional outcomes, pain levels, muscle strength, and range of motion (ROM) in patients with upper extremity disorders. The primary distinction between the experimental and control interventions lies in the application of blood flow restriction during the exercise protocol.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Searches have been performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases, together with the reference lists of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to March 2025. The participants in the RCTs were individuals with orthopedic abnormalities of the upper extremity arising from surgical intervention, trauma, or degenerative disorders, and the intervention was LLRT-BFR, as opposed to LLRT alone. The major focus was on assessing upper limb function and pain, with secondary considerations including muscle strength and ROM. The quality and reporting standards of the studies were evaluated via the TESTEX scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was conducted to verify the quality of evidence. The means and standard deviations (SDs) of the pre- and post-intervention data were extracted from each study. The means and SDs of the change scores were calculated, and these values were imported into Review Manager software (The Nordic Cochrane Collaboration) to compute the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect size.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>A systematic search across the aforementioned four databases initially identified 466 potentially relevant articles. Through a rigorous screening process, five articles that met the predefined inclusion criteria were ultimately selected for further analysis. These studies included 85 patients who underwent LLRT-BFR and 85 patients who received only LLRT. In patients with upper extremity dysfunction, the meta-analysis revealed significantly superior outcomes with LLRT-BFR compared with LLRT without BFR across multiple measures: pain reduction (SMD, 1.19; P=0.0002 [95% CI, 0.56-1.81]), functional improvement (SMD, 1.32; P=0.005 [95% CI, 0.39-2.24]), grip strength enhancement (SMD, 0.64; P=0.004 [95% CI, 0.20-1.07]), and radial flexion improvement (SMD, 0.81; P=0.003 [95% CI, 0.28--1.34]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BFR combined with LLRT produced better outcomes than LLRT alone in terms of function, discomfort, grip strength, and wrist range of motion (ulnar deviation). For people with upper limb deficits, BFR combined with LLRT may have some potential as a complementary intervention, and further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety, particularly in different patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"380-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patellar tendon properties and neuromuscular performance across different power sports.","authors":"Giedrius Dranevicius, Audrius Snieckus, Danguole Satkunskiene, Mantas Mickevicius, Inga Lukonaitienė, Renata Rutkauskaite, Pornpimol Muanjai, Sigitas Kamandulis","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17056-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17056-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring tendon morphology and function can improve our understanding of how tendons adapt to chronic training, potentially supporting the maintenance of strength and endurance. Despite that explosive sports share similarities, they also differ in key factors like movement speed and reactivity, loading duration and direction, range of motion, and muscle contraction type. This study aimed to compare the patellar tendon morphology and mechanical characteristics among sprinters, long and high jumpers, gymnasts, and karate athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one elite male athletes with national and international competition experience participated. Patellar tendon properties, knee extensor strength, power, and rate of force development during countermovement jumps were measured during the pre-competition training phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that patellar tendon length, cross-sectional area, stiffness, and Young's modulus were similar across these athletes (P>0.05), despite differences in body weight, height, body composition, force production, and power output during dynamic movements. However, significant differences in patellar tendon stress were observed, correlating strongly with maximal knee extension peak torque and peak power during the countermovement jump (r>0.646, P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that patellar tendon morphology and mechanical properties were largely consistent across different power athletes, but high tendon stress resulting from increased force production highlights the need for a balanced relationship between force development and tendon adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between BOLT Score, aerobic fitness, and physical activity in active university students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"David Marko, Miroslav Krajcigr, Petr Bahenský","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17282-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17282-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Body Oxygen Level Test (BOLT), also known as the control pause in the Buteyko method, is a breath-hold test proposed to reflect CO<inf>2</inf> tolerance and breathing efficiency. Although popularized as a fitness indicator, its relationship to aerobic capacity and physical activity in healthy adults remains unclear. This study examined associations between BOLT score, maximal oxygen uptake (VO<inf>2</inf>max), treadmill time to exhaustion (TTE), and weekly physical activity in active university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight healthy, physically active university students (15 men, 13 women; age 22.1±2.5 years) completed a graded treadmill test (Bruce protocol) with gas analysis to determine VO<inf>2</inf>max and TTE. BOLT was measured as comfortable breath-hold time after normal exhalation. Weekly physical activity was assessed using the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Spearman correlations examined associations between BOLT, VO<inf>2</inf>max, TTE, and GLTEQ. A multiple linear regression tested whether VO<inf>2</inf>max, TTE, age, height, weight, and GLTEQ predicted BOLT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BOLT times did not significantly differ between sexes. BOLT scores showed no strong correlation with VO<inf>2</inf>max (ρ=0.31, P=0.10), TTE (ρ=0.27, P=0.16), or GLTEQ (ρ=0.05, P=0.59). Regression analysis (R²=0.22, P=0.46) identified no significant predictors of BOLT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In active young adults, the BOLT breath-hold test was not significantly associated with VO<inf>2</inf>max, endurance time, or self-reported exercise levels. These findings suggest that BOLT - a measure of breathing function and CO<inf>2</inf> tolerance - does not serve as a surrogate indicator of aerobic capacity or habitual physical activity in this population. BOLT should be interpreted with caution if used for fitness assessment, as it appears to reflect a distinct aspect of physiological function not captured by standard aerobic performance tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"329-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study of goalkeeper coaches' perceptions of key qualities in talented youth soccer goalkeepers.","authors":"Walter Steenbok, Alliance Kubayi, Heather Morris-Eyton, Joseph A Stone","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17208-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17208-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite a substantial body of literature on identifying talent in outfield players, information on goalkeepers (GKs) is scarce due to the specialist demands associated with the position. The purpose of this study was to explore which qualities GK coaches perceive as important for talented youth soccer GKs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used a pragmatic research paradigm. The sample consisted of eight GK coaches (mean age 50.12±9.33 years; mean experience 17.25±9.97 years) who were purposively recruited to participate in the study. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data, and a two-stage thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes and 10 sub-themes were constructed: technical (i.e. handling), physical (i.e. upper body strength and height), tactical (defensive organization, build-up play and decision-making) and psychosocial (i.e. bravery, coachability, communication and composure) attributes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings may provide coaches with valuable information regarding the traits that potentially talented GKs should possess, which could guide training for talent development programs to increase their chances of being chosen for future opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"348-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the physical attributes of elite épée fencing: a Delphi study of world-class coaches.","authors":"Jon A Cree, Hannah J Newman, Luke A Norris, Luke W Oates, Anthony N Turner","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17379-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17379-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify and rank the physical attributes deemed most important for elite performance in épée fencing, from the perspective of world-class coaches. While extensive biomechanical and physiological research exists in fencing, limited attention has been paid to the experiential insights of elite coaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified Delphi method was employed to gather expert consensus from 26 international épée coaches with Olympic-level experience. In Round 1, open-ended responses were thematically analyzed to identify key physical attributes, which were consolidated into nine overarching themes. In Round 2, coaches ranked these attributes in order of importance. Stability of rankings was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine distinct physical attributes were identified in Round 1 and grouped into nine themes. In Round 2, agility (mean rank = 2.9) and reaction time (3.3) emerged as consensus-high priorities, while strength (7.6) and power were consensus-low. Power (5.7) and flexibility showed polarized distributions, reflecting entrenched differences in coaching philosophies. Agreement among coaches was acceptable but limited (W = 0.26), indicating stable but divergent viewpoints rather than instability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elite coaches prioritized agility, reactivity, and speed in épée fencing, aligning with performance demands observed in biomechanical studies. However, the undervaluation of foundational qualities such as strength and aerobic fitness highlights a partial disconnect with sport science evidence. These findings underscore the need for enhanced coach education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a more balanced emphasis on physical preparation that supports both performance and injury prevention. The study also demonstrates the value of Delphi methodology in capturing diverse expert perspectives even when full consensus is not achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 3","pages":"362-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini: readability, accuracy, and quality as patient education tools for common sports injuries.","authors":"Aaron B Lavi, Eli Berglas, Agampreet Singh, David Musheyev, Arie Monas, Michael Mesa, Netanel Yomtov, Mitchell K Ng","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17137-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17137-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the performance of chatbot-generated information for a complex injury, concussion, compared to two less complex injuries, sprains and fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Queries on concussions, sprains, and fractures were developed and inputted into ChatGPT Version 4.0 and Google Gemini (Gemini). Responses were graded on accuracy, readability, quality, understandability, and actionability using guideline-based Likert scales, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the DISCERN instrument, and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT) instrument. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U Tests and One-way ANOVAs compared continuous variables, and Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only three out of 180 responses had misinformation, all of which related to concussions. Concussion-related queries (mean: 10.80) had statistically greater reading grade level responses compared to sprain (mean: 8.13; P<0.0001) and fracture (mean: 8.29; P<0.0001) queries. Median cumulative DISCERN scores significantly differed between chatbots (V4.0 median = 38.00, Gemini median = 44.50; P<0.0001), with no significant difference between injury type. There were no significant PEMAT understandability or actionability differences by injury type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that responses to complex injuries have significantly higher reading grade levels with minor accuracy issues, but no differences in understandability and actionability. With better reading level, quality, and actionability, ChatGPT and Gemini chatbots could become conventional options for general information on injuries because they have minimal misinformation and high understandability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effects of static and variable loading in potentiation of the lower extremities through vertical jump.","authors":"Thomas J Lavigne, Amanda R Hawkes","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16736-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16736-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-activation potentiation (PAP) can elicit increased force in a muscular contraction following a specific preparatory activity, though little research exists regarding how various loading methods in said activity impact the potentiation effect. This study seeks to determine if banded PAP activities are more effective than static loading in improving power production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in this randomized cross-over design study were 7 female collegiate volleyball players with a 6-month minimum training age and no significant injuries. The study took place across 3 sessions, each 48 hours apart. At the 1^st session, baseline vertical jump height (cm), power (W), and 1RM back squat were taken, and subjects were randomly placed into one of two different PAP activity groups at the 2^nd and 3^rd sessions. PAP activity was standardized to 2 sets of 2 back squats at 90% 1RM with a 3-second eccentric, with the variance in groups being the inclusion or exclusion of 20% of the load from elastic resistance bands. Following the PAP activity, and an 8-minute rest, subjects performed 3 vertical jumps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PAP band-resisted activity group showed significant improvements in vertical jump height (P=0.006) and power (P=0.006) when analyzed with an ANOVA repeated measures test. No significant difference was found in the same analysis with the non-banded group for height (P=0.512) or power (P=0.517), and there were no significant differences found between group peak performance or averages when comparing between groups. A priori power analysis showed sufficient statistical significance despite the small sample size (1 - β=0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study was conducted utilizing barbell back squats as the potentiation activity with the dynamic variable being 20% of the load being from elastic band resistance, and a standardized rest period of 8 minutes before testing the potential impact this PAP activity had on vertical jump performance. Utilizing PAP activities that are specific to the demands of a given sport may improve vertical jump and power capabilities within athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"170-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of self-selected pre-task music and whole-body vibration on agility and shooting accuracy in female futsal players.","authors":"Katia Folino, Francesca Greco, Guner Cicek, Marco Spadafora, Francesco P Oranges, Loretta F Cosco, Maria G Tarsitano, Federico Quinzi, Gian Pietro Emerenziani","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16966-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16966-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agility and shooting accuracy play a fundamental role in female futsal performance. It has been shown that either whole-body vibration (WBV) and music stimuli may positively influence athletes' performance. Therefore, this study analyzed the acute effects WBV and self-selected music (SSM) on agility and shooting accuracy in female futsal players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the pre-testing session, body composition was evaluated in twenty-five female futsal players (age: 26.5±6.2 years). In the testing session, players performed the modified agility T-test and a shooting accuracy test with the dominant limb after three different conditions: static half squat plus WBV, SSM and Control Condition (CC). Before performing the modified agility T-test, the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) was administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FAS was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the SSM (5.2±0.9 score) than in the CC (4.1±1.2 score) and WBV (4.8±0.9 score). In the modified agility T-test no significant differences were observed after being exposed to CC (4.8±0.9 s) SSM (6.8±0.5s) or WBV (6.8±0.5s). No significant differences were observed in shooting accuracy between conditions (SSM: 13.4±2.5 score; WBV: 14.2±2.6 score; CC: 14±3.0 score).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neither whole body vibration nor self-selected music seem to be effective in improving agility and shooting accuracy in female futsal players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 2","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selective stretching of the flexor digitorum longus on the exercise-induced muscle stiffness change.","authors":"Taiga Noda, Junya Saeki, Noriaki Ichihashi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17061-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17061-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome is associated with the stiffness of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the load on FDL. Stretching has been reported to immediately reduce muscle stiffness and decrease maximal muscle strength. Thus, stretching the FDL may reduce its stiffness and stress. Additionally, the decrease in muscle strength due to stretching may be compensated by other cooperative muscles. This study aimed to determine how selective stretching of the FDL before exercise affects the stiffness of the FDL and its cooperative muscles after exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one healthy young men were enrolled in this crossover study. The elastic modulus of the FDL, tibialis posterior (TP), soleus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles were measured. The intervention trial involved selective stretching of the FDL. Subsequently, an eccentric ankle inversion exercise was performed, and the elastic modulus of each muscle was measured. The control trial consisted of resting in a sitting position instead of stretching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant interaction was observed for the elastic modulus of the FDL, the elastic modulus increased significantly only in the control trial after exercise. A main effect of timing was found only for the TP, and neither a main effect nor an interaction effect was found for any of the other muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selective stretching of the FDL muscle before exercise prevented an immediate increase in its stiffness after exercise, but there was no such effect following changes in muscle stiffness caused by exercise in the other cooperative muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}