Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Performance in professional soccer players: normative data and benchmarks from official matches for metabolic power and high-intensity activities.","authors":"Francesco Laterza, Vincenzo Manzi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16186-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16186-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The opportunity to compare data among players using normative data and benchmarks may represent a helpful tool for coaches to assess the players' physical performance easily and quickly. This study aimed to create normative data and benchmarks that can be exploited to compare professional soccer players' physical capacity competing in the Premier Division Championship (series A).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Match data from six professional soccer teams competing in the Premier Division championship (Serie A and Italy Cup matches) were collected during the entire season. Players (N.=112) were divided based on the role positioning as follows: forwards and wingers (FW), midfielders (MF), side-backs (SB), and center-backs (CB). All the teams analyzed competed with a 4-3-3 formation, and only players who played for the entire match (85-95 minutes) were considered. The video analysis system STATS SportVU was used to collect the data during official matches. Average metabolic power (AP) was considered to estimate the energy cost. The number of power events (PE), distance (m) covered at more than 25 W/kg (D25), and finally, the distance covered at v>25 km/h (VHS) were considered as high-intensity assessments. Standardized T-scores (scaled from 0 to 100) were calculated for each role and variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T-score data was used to create performance bands combined with qualitative description (ranging from extremely poor to excellent), and a traffic light system approach was implemented to simplify the data's interpretation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results could be used to compare different athletes' performance quickly and effectively, to detect symptoms of overtraining, and to give helpful insights to coaches on what the training should be focused on.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of stretch-shortening cycle and sex in subsequent jump tasks improvement after conditioning activity based on holding isometric muscle action.","authors":"Dawid Koźlenia","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16165-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16165-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) by examining its impact on vertical jump enhancement due to sex and the presence of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) in subsequent jump tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample was 63 men and 42 women aged 20-27, engaged in continuous strength training for over two years at least, without musculoskeletal injuries in the past six months, divided into experimental (EXP) and control (CON) groups for countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SQ) tests considering sex. Conditioning activity (CA) involved three sets of four seconds of full-back squats at 70% 1RM for the experimental group. Jump heights for CMJ and SJ were measured, and absolute (baseline-best) and relative (%) changes were analyzed. For statistical analysis were made with Three-Way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests to evaluate jump performance differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EXP achieved more gains than control in SQ for both sexes, and both measurement approaches (P<0.05), yet no sex differences in gains were found (P>0.05). Absolute CMJ improvements were significant in experimental men versus control (P<0.05), but relative gains were not (P>0.05). SSC presence did not differentiate SQ and CMJ improvements according to sex (P>0.05); however, the effect size was large <0.80.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The utility of HIMA protocol as a CA has proven to be effective in improving jump performance despite sex or SSC involvement in subsequent tasks. This study showcases the adaptability of the PAPE protocol based on isometric full-back squats with submaximal load, confirming its effectiveness in enhancing jump performance in various settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the number of ball touches among elite youth players during small-sided soccer games.","authors":"Prescott Mahlangu, Alliance Kubayi, Abel Toriola, Andries Monyeki","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16247-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16247-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the effects of manipulating the number of ball touches (free play vs. two touches) on the physical and technical actions of elite male youth soccer players during 5v5 + 2 goalkeepers (GKs) small-sided games (SSGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Players played in two different SSGs: 1) free play, where the number of touches per possession was not restricted; and 2) two touches, where players were limited to a maximum of two touches per ball possession. A total of 24 male elite youth soccer players (age: 14.79±0.71 years; body mass: 56.02±1.41 kg; body height: 164±2.12 cm) participated in the study. Players' physical metric and technical performance data were captured using a global positioning system and video camera, respectively. A paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was employed to examine differences in players' technical performance variables depending on SSGs' ball-touch rules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show significantly more unsuccessful passes (t=-3.48; P=0.04; d=1.92) when players were limited to two touches than when there were no pass limits. The physical metrics indicate that total distance covered (Z=-2.90; P=0.001; d=0.07), meters per minute (Z=-3.44; P=0.001; d=0.11), low-speed running (Z=-2.25; P=0.02; d=0.04) and high acceleration (Z=-1.90; P=0.05; d=0.28) were significantly higher when touches were unlimited than when they were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Soccer coaches should decide the number of touches per ball possession they allow depending on their tactical and/or physical objectives in training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular adaptations following an eight-week sprint interval training intervention in healthy men.","authors":"Paul R Nagelkirk, Daniel P Farrell, James R Sackett","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16377-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16377-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to improve many indices of cardiovascular risk. The effect of SIT on emerging indicators of cardiovascular health, including arterial stiffness and carotid intima media thickness, remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess changes in augmentation index at 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) at three time points of an 8-week SIT intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen sedentary men (age: 24.7±5.1 years, BMI: 26.7±5.8 kg/m²) participated in the study. Subjects trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Training consisted of 3-6 consecutive 30-second bouts of maximal intensity cycling, with 4.5 minutes of active recovery between bouts. Baseline, 4-week, and 8-week vascular assessments were performed. Training effects were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between baseline values and the change scores (baseline to 8 weeks) of each vascular measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AIx@75 (BL: -3.6±10.9%, 4W: -5.6±8.3%, 8W: -3.2±9.5%), cfPWV (BL: 5.6±1.0 m/s, 4W: 5.8±0.9 m/s, 8W: 5.6±0.7 m/s), and CIMT (BL: 0.51±0.08 mm, 4W: 0.52±0.08 mm, 8W: 0.51±0.08 mm) did not significantly change (all P>0.05). Baseline cfPWV and AIx@75 were negatively correlated to their change from baseline to 8 weeks (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that 8 weeks of SIT is an insufficient stimulus to reduce cfPWV, AIx@75, or CIMT in a group of young, healthy men. Baseline arterial stiffness may modulate vascular adaptations to SIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative kinematic analysis of high-speed treadmill vs. overground sprinting across athletic levels and sex.","authors":"Samuel Montalvo, Fayon Gonzales, Gruber Lance, Matthew P Gonzalez, Martin S Dietze-Hermosa, Sandor Dorgo","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16089-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16089-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This investigation aimed to dissect the kinematic differences in sprinting between high-speed treadmill and overground conditions, examining how these variations are influenced by the athlete's training status and biological sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 participants, 20 NCAA Division 1 sprinters and 20 recreational runners, performed a series of maximal sprints on a high-speed treadmill and on a standardized competition overground track. Sprinting kinematic variables such as stride length, stride frequency, contact time, and flight time were collected via photoelectric sensors. Maximal sprinting kinematics were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models, considering the impacts of sprinting environment (treadmill vs. overground), training level, and sex, with leg length as fixed factors and individual athletes as random effects. Statistical significance was set at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis revealed that high-speed treadmill sprinting significantly affects all measured kinematic variables, leading to increased stride frequency and contact time. Elite sprinters demonstrated enhanced kinematic efficiency over recreational runners, characterized by increased stride length and frequency and reduced contact time. Sex-based kinematic distinctions also emerged, with male athletes exhibiting superior stride length and frequency compared to female athletes. Leg length significantly influenced stride frequency, and an interaction effect was observed for flight time between sprint type and athletic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings elucidate the distinct biomechanical profiles across sprinting modalities and athlete demographics, emphasizing the need for sprint training customization. This study's insights offer a valuable reference for coaches and athletes to refine training and performance assessment in varied sprinting environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is chronic ankle instability associated with contractile thickness of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus during functional movement and exercise? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lijiang Luan, Jeremy Witchalls, Charlotte Ganderton, Roger Adams, Doa El-Ansary, Jia Han","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16199-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16199-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The gluteus medius (GMED) and gluteus maximus (GMAX) play a crucial role in postural control, and postural control is impaired in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the association between CAI and the recruitment of these muscles remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the contractile thickness of GMED and GMAX during functional movements in individuals with CAI compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PEDro). Included studies involved the contractile thickness of GMED and/or GMAX comparing CAI with non-CAI. The extracted data were subjected to meta-analysis for observing the differences between the two. The correlation and difference in contraction between GMED and GMAX were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and t-test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Six studies with 176 participants were found. Contractile thickness measured by ultrasound showed GMED thickness change to be lower in CAI than in controls during functional movements and exercise (WMD: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04; P<0.00001). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to contraction of GMAX (WMD: 0.02; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.05; P=0.25). The PCC and P value (t-test) between the ratio of contractile thickness of GMED and GMAX in CAI were 0.397 and 0.029 respectively, indicating activity differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAI may be associated with weaker GMED recruitment during functional movements and exercise, but the activation of GMAX in CAI may be unaffected.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacing analysis and comparison of TOP-10 and NOT TOP-10 Ultra Trail Cape Town 100-km finishers.","authors":"Simon J DE Waal, Shaundre D Jacobs, Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16203-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16203-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pacing strategies during endurance efforts vary depending on athlete experience, race length, and terrain. In ultramarathon trail running the specific race route profile can have a significant impact on optimal pacing strategy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between uphill, downhill and level running with overall performance and to compare the difference in pacing strategies between top 10 (TOP-10) and non-top 10 (NOT TOP-10) finishers of a 100-km ultra-trail marathon with +5000-m elevation gain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty male finishers (TOP-10: N.=6, NOT TOP-10, N.=44) and forty-six individual segments (1.5±1.2 km) were analyzed based on 2021 100-km UTCT STRAVA data. Relative segment speed and CV% were used to identify pacing strategies. Spearman Rank and Mann-Whitney U Tests were used to analyze the data. Significance was set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uphill running had the strongest relationship with overall performance (r=0.826, P<0.01). Substantially weaker relationships between overall running performance and level (r=0.402, P<0.01) and downhill (r=-0.382, P<0.01) running performance were found. The CV% was significantly lower in TOP-10 (32.10±1.81) than NOT TOP-10 (35.39±4.43) (U=24, r=0.46, P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uphill running performance remains a valuable measure of overall trail running performance as it represents a higher percentage of overall running demand. TOP-10 runners have diminished decay in initial running speed than NOT TOP-10 runners, despite a generally high variation in pace and net positive split in ultra-trail running.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"218-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the stride time and lower limb joint angles and their variability during distance running between treadmill and over-ground: a crossover study.","authors":"Zaheen A Iqbal, Kevin Hung, Jialiang Gu, Daniel H Chow","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16120-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16120-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treadmills have been used in laboratories to assess various measures related to walking and running. However, there has been some skepticism regarding their reliability as a representation of outdoor running. While marathon running has gained popularity as a form of physical activity, there have been few studies examining stride-to-stride variability after distance running, especially in relation to the duration and surface of running. This study compared stride time and lower limb joint angles during distance treadmill running and running over-ground. The hypothesis was that stride-to-stride variability would be influenced by running duration and surface, with greater variability observed during outdoor running.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven runners participated in the study, running on a treadmill and over-ground for 31 minutes at their preferred speed. Inertial measurement units were used to measure stride time, total range of motion, and joint angles of the hip, knee, and ankle in different phases of the gait cycle in the sagittal plane movements. Mean and coefficient of variation of each parameter were compared between the initial and final 5 minutes of running on the treadmill and over-ground.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in stride time or its variability based on running duration or surface. However, mean and variability of certain lower limb joint angles were higher during outdoor running, supporting the hypothesis. Variability was higher in the initial duration of running as compared to final phase of running.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that treadmill may not fully reflect the dynamics of running over-ground. It is important to consider variability in gait analysis and research, as well as the potential impact on training and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"188-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of central Augmentation Index in healthy adults.","authors":"Devon A Dobrosielski, Hannah A Zabriskie, Kathleen Dondero, Brenna Baus, Justin Updegraff, Rian Q Landers-Ramos","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16145-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16145-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central Augmentation Index (AIx) is a surrogate marker of large artery stiffness that may provide valuable insight to cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between AIx and components of physical fitness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eighty-five healthy men and women (aged 20-79 years) underwent non-invasive assessment of arterial wave reflection to determine AIx, which was corrected to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AI×75). Body composition was evaluated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and aerobic capacity (VO<inf>2max</inf>) was derived from expired gas analysis during a symptom limited exercise test on a treadmill.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A multiple linear regression revealed age and VO<inf>2max</inf> as significant predictors of AI×75 [AI×75=32.055 + (0.252×age) - (0.722×VO<inf>2max</inf>)]. Upon removal of VO<inf>2max</inf> from regression analysis, resting heart rate (RHR) and % body fat (BF%) were revealed to be significant predictors of AI×75: AI×75=-61.316 + (0.481×age) + (0.565×BF%) + (0.56×RHR).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that central Augmentation Index can be reliably predicted in healthy adults who undergo a maximal exercise or body composition assessment. These prediction equations may be applied in non-medical settings to assist in creating comprehensive health and fitness profiles for healthy clientele.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards recovery: conservative management of finger joint fracture-dislocations in soccer goalkeepers.","authors":"Paolo Boccolari, Danilo Donati, Filippo Pantaleoni, Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16219-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16219-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"297-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}