{"title":"A systematic evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries in mixed martial arts athletes: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Yu Huang, Wei Si, Yilong Xue, Weichen Yin","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17470-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17470-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a popular combat sport including wrestling, boxing, and martial arts, which involves danger and violence. It is reported to have one of the greatest injury rates among different sports, limits participation, and often consists of considerable medical costs. The available literature on MMA injuries is sparse and requires a comprehensive review of injuries in this popular sport. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of critically evaluating the epidemiological literature on injury patterns, mechanisms, and associated risk factors in mixed martial arts athletes.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>According to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) procedures, primary English-language literature investigating MMA injuries was scanned in six databases from the time these databases were established to July 14<sup>th</sup>, 2025. Reports that provided information on injury rates and attributes were reviewed and analyzed. The PICOS (population, intervention [participation in MMA], comparison [comparison within MMA], outcome [prevalence of specific injuries - concussions, fractures, etc.], and study design) model was used to clarify the research questions. The quality and level of reports were assessed employing the JBI method. Random effects meta-analysis on the prevalence of concussion was done using STATA software.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>A total of 2520 reports were eligible for inclusion in the current review. Descriptive analysis disclosed that the prevalence of injuries ranged from 0.2 to 92.7 injuries in MMA athletes. MMA athletes suffered more upper limb injuries. Head injuries in 17 out of 55 reports (30.90%), shoulder injuries in 13 out of 55 reports (23.63%), hand injuries in 11 out of 55 reports (20.0%), elbow injuries in 10 out of 55 reports (18.18%), ankle in 10 out of 55 reports (18.18%), knee injuries in eight out of 55 reports (14.54 percent), and facial injuries in six out of 55 reports (10.90 percent) were the most frequent injuries in MMA athletes. Concussions, sprains, fractures, dislocations, tears, contusions, and strains in different body parts were also reported. There is evidence that injury rates are higher among professional MMA fighters. Striking, being struck, grappling, overuse, and takedowns were mechanisms of injuries in MMA athletes. Higher competitive level was a major risk factor for MMA athletes. Moreover, older age, weight, having a previous injury, the number of rounds, and non-submission outcome were associated risk factors. The pooled prevalence of concussion injuries in MMA athletes were 20.68%; 95% CI 17.66, 23.69. The subgroup analysis showed that the polled prevalence of concussion injuries in MMA athletes with age 31-40 years old (20.37%; 95% CI 14.82, 25.91) was higher than in athletes with age 20-30 years old (19.50%; 95% CI 3.72, 35.29).</p><p><strong","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"523-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantina Papacharalampus, Costas G Dallas, Giorgos Karampatsos, Gerasimos Terzis, George C Dallas
{"title":"Relationship between muscle strength and muscle power of female artistic gymnasts on balance beam performance.","authors":"Konstantina Papacharalampus, Costas G Dallas, Giorgos Karampatsos, Gerasimos Terzis, George C Dallas","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17463-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17463-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artistic gymnastics (AG) is a sport that requires high percentages of muscle strength and power for successful execution of the exercises in various apparatus. However, studies investigating their relationship with rate of force development (RFD) as well as AG performance are limited. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength, muscle power and RFD of lower extremities in isometric and dynamic measurement condition with performance on balance beam. A partial objective was to examine the relationship of lean mass with RFD and AG performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen competitive level female gymnasts, with an average age of 11.6 years participated in the research and were evaluated in terms of body composition, isometric leg press strength and RFD and countermovement jump (CMJ). In addition, balance beam routines were evaluated by four international judges. Pearson's r coefficient was used to investigate the correlation of the variables under consideration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant correlation between force-time characteristics during isometric and dynamic assessment with balance beam performance (P>0.05). However, a strong correlation was found between total lean body mass (TLM) and power (r=0.985), relative power (RP) (r=0.933), max strength (MS) (r=0.727), and RFD 100 ms (r=643) and RFD 150 ms (r=0.896) during the CMJ. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation of bone density (BD) with power (r=0.903), MS (r=0.74), RFD 100 ms (r=0.735) and RFD 150 ms (r=0.883) time intervals in CMJ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Balance beam performance is influenced by other physical factors and technical execution of exercises rather than lower limb strength characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"484-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interest of carbohydrate consumption during endurance exercise: a systematic review of systematic and meta-analyses of RCTs.","authors":"Baptiste Tarrit, Cédric Moretton, Martine Duclos, Lore Metz, Emilie Chanseaume-Bussiere, Gaël Ennequin, David Thivel, Fabrice Rannou","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17488-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17488-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported the benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) consumption in various endurance athletes, mainly cyclists or runners. Gathering existing reviews, the present systematic review tends to determine the best conditions and characteristics of this CHO ingestion to optimize athletes' performance.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted on five databases (from inception up to September 05, 2024) to identify related SR and MA of RCTs investigating the association between CHO consumption and performance. The quality of SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR2.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Fifteen SR, including 8 MA were included, gathering 262 RCTs and 521 single trials. The overall reviews' quality was rated low or critically low (11 reviews, 73%). All the measurements performance were conducted in the form of a Time Trial (69%) or a Time to Exhaustion (31%). A total of 102 studies (44%) revealed significant positive effect of CHO consumption on performance, with no difference between the performance modalities or sports practices. Consumption of complex CHO (fructose + glucose) improved performance compared with simple CHO or other combinations. Consumption introduced during efforts lasting 1 to 2 hours (57 trials) and 2 to 4 hours (70 trials) seem to favor better performances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present review of SR and meta-analysis clarifies the conditions of CHO ingestion to optimize endurance athletes' performances, especially pointing its interest for efforts lasting 1 to 4 hours and of complex CHO formulations. More rigorous research remains however needed to transfer research results to the real practise of athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"502-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring cardiopulmonary parameters in athletes with exercise-induced dyspnea: a cardiopulmonary exercise test-based analysis.","authors":"Aysun Ertuna, Şensu Dinçer, Gökhan Metin, Sertaç Yakal","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17311-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17311-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is widely recognized as a common cause of exertional dyspnea. The accurate identification and differentiation of EIB from other causes of exercise intolerance remain challenging in clinical practice. We aimed to analyze CPET-derived ventilatory and metabolic parameters in adolescant athletes with exercise-related dyspnea to assess whether these parameters can aid in differentiating EIB from other non-EIB causes of dyspnea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational, cohort study included 47 athletes (8-18 years old) presenting with exercise-related dyspnea. Participants were divided into EIB-positive [EIB (+)] and EIB-negative [EIB (-)] groups based on a ≥10% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<inf>1</inf>) after CPET. A control group (N.=36) was also included. Spirometry measurements were obtained before and after CPET, and cardiopulmonary parameters such as peak oxygen uptake (peak VO<inf>2</inf>), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), and ventilatory equivalents were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found between EIB (+) and EIB (-) groups in terms of baseline spirometry values. Post-exercise spirometry revealed significant reductions in FEV<inf>1</inf>, FEV<inf>1</inf>/FVC, FEF<inf>25-75</inf>, and PEF values in the EIB (+) group (P<0.05). Peak VO<inf>2</inf> and peak O<inf>2</inf>/HR were lower in both dyspneic groups compared to controls, but no significant difference was observed between EIB (+) and EIB (-) groups (P>0.05). OUES was moderately correlated with AT VCO<inf>2</inf> (r=0.519) and strongly correlated with peak VO<inf>2</inf> (r=0.804) and peak O<inf>2</inf>/HR (r=0.861).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While EIB affects ventilatory function, athletes with exercise-related dyspnea exhibited similar CPET changes regardless of EIB diagnosis. This suggests that dyspnea in young athletes may not always be due to EIB but could result from other ventilatory adaptations. OUES and peak VO<inf>2</inf> may serve as useful indicators in evaluating dyspnea-related exercise limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"532-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creatine alone is not enough: the need for rigorous evidence in older populations.","authors":"Marco Machado","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17624-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17624-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Shahrabadi, Amir H Haghighi, Roya Askari, Majid Asadi-Shekaari, Ahad Shafiei, Alfredo Caturano, Vincenzo Russo, Giuseppe Caminiti, Rosario Barone, Maurizio Volterrani, Attilio Parisi, Ferdinando Iellamo, Pasquale Farsetti, Roberto Bei, Marco A Perrone
{"title":"The effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiac fibrosis biomarkers in rats with methamphetamine-induced cardiac fibrosis.","authors":"Hadi Shahrabadi, Amir H Haghighi, Roya Askari, Majid Asadi-Shekaari, Ahad Shafiei, Alfredo Caturano, Vincenzo Russo, Giuseppe Caminiti, Rosario Barone, Maurizio Volterrani, Attilio Parisi, Ferdinando Iellamo, Pasquale Farsetti, Roberto Bei, Marco A Perrone","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17465-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17465-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methamphetamine (METH) use is associated with significant cardiac damage, including the development of cardiac fibrosis. While high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated cardio-protective effects in various cardiovascular conditions, its potential role in mitigating METH-induced cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on the mRNA expression of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers in METH-dependent rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, the expression of collagen 1a1 (COL1A1), collagen 3a1 (COL3A1), periostin (POSTN), and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) genes was measured using real-time PCR across four groups: Sham, METH, METH-control (METH-CON), and METH-HIIT. Rats in the METH-HIIT group underwent an 8-week HIIT protocol during the withdrawal period following METH administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one days of METH administration significantly increased the mRNA expression of all measured fibrosis-related (P<0.05). However, the subsequent HIIT intervention did not significantly attenuate the elevated mRNA expression of these markers (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that HIIT does not reverse METH-induced upregulation of cardiac fibrosis markers. Further studies are warranted to explore alternative or complementary interventions in the context of METH-associated cardiac fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"574-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moral competence: is there a bond between general and sport-specific ones in student athletes. A questionable correlations.","authors":"Małgorzata Bronikowska, Michał Bronikowski","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17503-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17503-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sport plays a growing role in promoting not only physical health but also moral development and personal growth. This study explores the relationship between general-life and sport-specific moral competencies among university students enrolled in sport-related programs (N.=1035; M=20.4±1.7 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were assessed with the use of Moral Competence Test and Moral Competence in Physical Education test. The sample included students practicing individual sports (N.=492), team sports (N.=487), and those not engaged in sports (N.=56). Participants were categorized into 11 sport types and further into amateur (N.=537) and professional (N.=442) status. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, correlation) examined differences and associations across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that amateurs in individual sports had significantly higher levels of general moral competencies than other groups. A positive, though weak, correlation between general and sport-specific moral competencies was observed among professionals from individual sports (r=0.23, P=0.01). Among the subgroup of professionals, correlations ranged from weak in invasion games (r=0.18) to moderate in non-invasion games (r=0.42). No significant correlations were found among the subgroup of amateurs from team-sport.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Notably, non-athletes exhibited the lowest moral competence levels thus, when compared to sport-engaged groups, indicating a potentially positive influence of sport on moral development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"563-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Ruscello, Carlo Castagna, Fabrizio Santolamazza, Paolo R Gabrielli, Marco Ceccacci, Paolo Del Bene, Federico Bucciarelli, Marcella Guacci, Edoardo Arena, Francesca Strassoldo Di Villanova, Stefano D'Ottavio
{"title":"Monitoring readiness in Italian amateur female volleyball players: combined use of the Countermovement Jump Test and Subjective Wellness Questionnaires.","authors":"Bruno Ruscello, Carlo Castagna, Fabrizio Santolamazza, Paolo R Gabrielli, Marco Ceccacci, Paolo Del Bene, Federico Bucciarelli, Marcella Guacci, Edoardo Arena, Francesca Strassoldo Di Villanova, Stefano D'Ottavio","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17448-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17448-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amateur female volleyball players face substantial physical and psychological demands despite limited access to professional monitoring tools. Practical, low-cost strategies to assess readiness and recovery are needed. This study investigated whether combining the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Test with psychometric questionnaires could effectively monitor neuromuscular and psychophysical status within a weekly microcycle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-week observational cohort study, twenty-one Italian amateur female volleyball players (mean age: 23.0±2.8 years) were monitored. CMJ performance was assessed on three key training days within the weekly microcycle (GD+2, GD-3, and GD-1) using the Chronojump Bosco-System. Subjective wellness variables, including sleep quality, recovery, readiness, perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE, and menstrual-related soreness, were collected via questionnaires across the microcycle, including game day (GD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CMJ performance improved significantly from GD+2 and GD-3 to GD-1 (P<0.001), reflecting enhanced neuromuscular readiness leading into match day. Readiness scores were higher on GD compared to GD+2 (P<0.001). Among subjective variables, menstrual soreness was significantly and negatively associated with CMJ output (P=0.05), suggesting its relevance in performance monitoring. Sleep and recovery scores did not vary significantly across days, while session RPE showed moderate variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining CMJ testing with brief psychometric questionnaires offers a feasible and informative strategy for monitoring readiness in amateur female volleyball. While CMJ alone cannot fully explain performance variability, its integration with subjective wellness indicators provides a more comprehensive view of recovery status. This approach supports individualized training adjustments and is particularly valuable in settings with limited access to advanced technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"540-553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulia Bongiorno, Helena Biancuzzi, Francesca Dal Mas, Rym Bednarova, Gaia Miceli, Luca Miceli
{"title":"First application of near infrared spectroscopy technology on the vastus lateralis muscle during inline roller speed skating.","authors":"Giulia Bongiorno, Helena Biancuzzi, Francesca Dal Mas, Rym Bednarova, Gaia Miceli, Luca Miceli","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17472-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17472-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"583-584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The return to running of female soccer players postpartum: timing, prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and urinary incontinence.","authors":"Rosario D'Onofrio, Italo Sannicandro, Cristian Savoia, Gaetano Raiola, Gennaro Esposito, Vincenzo Manzi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17398-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17398-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The number of elite female athletes suspending competitive athletics for pregnancy and childbirth is increasing significantly. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate in female soccer players the timing of return to running and its main postpartum complications.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>For this review, we searched the PubMed indexed bibliographic database and the football-specific literature for studies relevant to answering the merits of 2 research questions: A) time to return to running postpartum; B) main complications related to return to running postpartum?</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>There is an insufficient literature, identified for the criteria for inclusion, in female soccer players, of points A-B preset in the methods. The literature shows how: A) return to running is recommended, in general, between 6 to 12 weeks after clinical and functional evaluation and on the mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean birth); B) the major complications are related to: 1) pelvic floor dysfunctional pictures; 2) and stress urinary incontinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current research found in the indexed literature underscores knowledge gaps related to the research objectives. There is a lack of consistent evidence-based guidelines for a safe return to running after childbirth. Pelvic floor rehabilitation finds indications through guidelines in the pre and postpartum phases. This finds a primary prescription to reduce the incidence of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic girdle dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"554-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}