Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Survey of injuries among Slovenian sport climbers.","authors":"Sonja Hlebš, Tjaž Brezovar","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17607-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17607-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rock climbing is associated with a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries, yet limited data exist for Slovenian sport climbers. Understanding the prevalence, types, and mechanisms of injuries is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 191 Slovenian sport climbers registered with the national federation. The questionnaire assessed demographics, climbing characteristics, and injury-related variables using the UIAA injury definition. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Šidák post-hoc) and Spearman correlations examined associations between injury counts and climbing variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall incidence was 5.2 injuries per 1000 climbing hours. Men sustained more injuries than women (2.8±3.1 vs. 2.0±2.6; P=0.022). The number of injuries correlated weakly with weekly climbing hours (ρ=0.20; P=0.005) and climbing difficulty (ρ=0.20; P=0.007). A strong positive correlation was found between climbing experience and climbing difficulty (ρ=0.55; P<0.001). Upper extremity injuries predominated (82%), particularly fingers (50%), shoulders (32%), and elbows (16%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Slovenian climbers exhibit a high injury burden, dominated by finger and shoulder injuries. Gender differences appear behavioral, reflecting route selection rather than exposure. Preventive routines were not associated with lower injury frequency, highlighting the need for specific, climbing-oriented programs, such as a joint-by-joint training approach. Future prospective studies should incorporate objective biomechanical assessments, to refine prevention and rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatotype, age, and neuromuscular performance in elite youth football players.","authors":"Nikolaos Androulakis, Christos Tsiakiris, Nikolaos Koundourakis","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17476-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17476-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatotype has been linked to physical performance in youth athletes, but its independent contribution to power development, particularly in relation to biological maturity, remains underexplored. This study examined whether somatotype and age independently influence neuromuscular performance in elite youth football players and whether these effects persist after normalization for body mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 106 elite male academy players aged 15 to 18 years were classified as mesomorphic or ectomorphic using the Heath-Carter method. Performance tests included vertical jumps from a squat position and with countermovement, lower-limb peak power (estimated via a validated field equation), and an index estimating stretch-shortening cycle efficiency. Relative power (W·kg^-1) was also calculated to account for body-mass dependence. Analyses included multivariate and variance testing, to explore independent effects of somatotype and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mesomorphic players produced significantly higher power output than ectomorphic players; older athletes also exhibited greater power. No interaction was observed between somatotype and age group. However, when normalized to body mass, between-group differences were no longer significant, indicating that the apparent mesomorphic advantage reflected greater mass rather than superior neuromuscular efficiency. No significant somatotype effect was observed for the Elasticity Index (P=0.098). Logistic regression correctly classified 72.6% of somatotypes, but specificity for ectomorphs was very low (11.5%), indicating that power-based profiling is ineffective for identifying ectomorphic players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Somatotype and age independently influence power performance in elite youth football players. Nevertheless, relative power analysis demonstrated that morphological differences primarily underlie these effects. Power metrics alone lack diagnostic validity for morphological classification and should complement, rather than replace, anthropometric assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between heart rate-based training load and running metrics in field hockey players.","authors":"Hokyung Choi, Jinkyung Cho, Yoon Kim, Ji-Eung Kim, Junkyung Song, Minkyung Choi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17499-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17499-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring training load (TL) is essential for optimizing performance and reducing injury risk in team-sport athletes; however, how internal, and external load interact across different competition contexts remains unclear in elite field hockey. This study aimed to examine the structure of GPS-derived running metrics and their associations with heart rate (HR) -based internal TL during simulated and international competitions in elite female field hockey players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual data recordings from 18 female field hockey players during 13 simulated competitions and 8 international competitions were analyzed, with HR-based internal TL calculated from heart rate data and GPS-derived running metrics used to examine load structure and associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis identified two running load factors, with PA1 component comprising total distance covered, duration, total player load, sprint effort, decelerations, and accelerations and PA2 component comprising high-speed distance, maximal speed, sprint distance, and relative distance, together explaining 70.4% of the total variance. Linear mixed-effects models showed that PA1 (Δ=0.42) and HR-based internal TL(Δ=1.35) were significantly higher during international competitions than simulated competitions, whereas PA2 did not differ between conditions. HR-based internal TL was positively associated with both PA1 (β=0.031) and PA2 (β=0.019); however, this association was moderated by competition conditions only for PA1, with a stronger coupling observed during international competitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the relationship between GPS-derived external load and HR-based internal load varies by competition context, emphasizing the need for context-specific TL monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 5","pages":"585-592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The three musketeers of the runner's calf: gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscle.","authors":"Angelo V Vasiliadis, George Noussios, Aikaterini Vassiou, Theodore Troupis","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17635-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17635-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"678-679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute bench press performance responses to two inter-set rest periods in recreationally trained men and women.","authors":"Attila Gaspar, Balazs Huth, Bence Kopper, Zsolt Murlasits","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17392-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17392-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In resistance training, inter-set rest defines training stress and influences fatigue, muscle recovery and the sustainability of force output in subsequent sets. Therefore, this investigation compared acute performance responses and kinematic and kinetic measures between men and women in the bench press exercise with two different rest intervals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two recreationally trained men and women (age 24.6±2.3 years, height 170.6±7.5 cm, body mass 71.9±11.3 kg) were assigned four sets of 8 repetitions in the bench press exercise with 75% of one-repetition maximum with one- and two minutes of rest between sets in a randomized, cross-over design study. During the exercise, we used a linear position transducer for kinetic and kinematic data acquisition. A 2x4 Chi-square (contingency table) and 2x4 Mixed (between-within) ANOVA were used for statistical comparison with a significance level of P<0.05 to determine differences in the datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men and women performed different number of repetitions for the one-minute rest period (Chi-square = 13.43572, P=0.003784). Significant interactions were detected in the mechanical work performed for both rest periods (P=0.000026 and P=0.27275 for one-min and two-min), indicating a dissimilar trend in men and women across the sets. While average power declined significantly in both sexes as the sets progressed (P=0.000002 and P=0.000000 for one-min and two-min rest respectively), women were better in maintaining power output both in the one-min (P=0.000056) and the two-min (P=0.013725) conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to males, female trainees are better in maintaining acute bench press performance over multiple sets in a typical hypertrophy workout session.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"624-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport specialization, injury and illness: a prospective study of elite female adolescent soccer players.","authors":"Andrew Watson, Kristin Haraldsdottir","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17535-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17535-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although cross-sectional evidence exists regarding the association between sport specialization and health outcomes, sport-specific, prospective research is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sport specialization status and in-season injury and illness risk in elite female adolescent soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>80 female youth soccer players (ages 13-18) from a local youth soccer organization underwent preseason evaluation of maximal aerobic capacity (VO<inf>2max</inf>) and sport specialization and provided self-reporting of daily training load (session-rating of perceived exertion), injury and illness for two four-month competitive soccer seasons. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to predict individual injury and illness (yes/no) during the study period, using sport specialization, age, and training load as fixed effects and individual athlete as a random effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specialized (N.=46) athletes did not differ from non-specialized (N.=34) athletes with respect to age, preseason physical activity, VO<inf>2max</inf> or in-season training load (all P>0.05). 28 athletes participated in both years, representing 108 player-years. No differences were seen in the proportion of individuals from each group that reported an in-season injury (specialized = 25% vs. 20%, P=0.55) or illness (46% vs. 38%, P=0.41). After adjusting for age and training load, individual injuries (OR=0.86 [0.26, 2.8], P=0.81) and illnesses were not significantly predicted by specialization (OR=1.06 [0.45, 2.5], P=0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After adjusting for age and training load, late sport specialization was not associated with in-season injury or illness risk in elite female soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"642-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of thoracic spine range of motion in different types of sports and relationship to low back pain.","authors":"Takuya Kasamasu, Yuko Ishida, Takahiro Hayami, Riho Uematsu, Junzo Fujitani, Yasuyoshi Mase, Koichi Sairyo","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17480-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17480-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced hip joint mobility increases lumbar spine stress, leading to disorders. However, the impact of thoracic spine mobility on lumbar spine disorders remains unclear, as do sport-specific differences in thoracic mobility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were male athletes aged ≥18 years (26 baseball, 50 rugby, 20 handball, 33 gymnastics). Thoracic spine flexion, extension, and total ROM were measured using a Spinal Mouse, and rotation ROM using an inclinometer. Study 1 examined thoracic ROM differences among sports. Study 2 classified rugby players and gymnasts based on presence or absence of low back pain (LBP) in the past 6 months and compared thoracic ROM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, thoracic flexion ROM was lower in handball than in baseball and rugby. Thoracic extension ROM was greatest in gymnastics. Total thoracic ROM was lowest in handball and highest in gymnastics. Thoracic rotation was greater in baseball than rugby or handball on both sides. In gymnastics, dominant-side rotation was greater than rugby, and non-dominant-side rotation was greater than rugby and handball. In Study 2, rugby players with LBP had reduced thoracic flexion ROM, while gymnasts with LBP had reduced total thoracic ROM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that thoracic spine ROM differs by sport and is decreased in athletes with LBP, suggesting thoracic ROM is important for treating LBP in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"650-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data reporting inconsistencies and methodological weaknesses found in \"Evaluation of the effects of a technical sock on sleep dynamics\".","authors":"Dale Kientopf, Manuel Hermann","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17857-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17857-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"679-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global evaluation of cheerleading injuries and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiaofang Zhang, Yun Liu, Xia Wang","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17308-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17308-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cheerleading has become growingly popular in recent years due to the nature of athleticism and competitive, which can pose a great risk of injury. The current research aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of cheerleading-related musculoskeletal injuries and its risk factors in amateur or competitive cheerleaders through the presentation as a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive search of seven credible databases (the Epistemonikos, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science) was conducted using two sets of keywords up to March 2025 in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The quality assessment of the literature was carried out using JBI method. Random effects meta-analysis on prevalence rates was carried out using STATA software.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Forty articles included in the study, which 175739 athletes were studied. The prevalence range of musculoskeletal injuries in cheerleaders was between 0.2 and 68.0 percent in different parts of body. Head/neck in 17 out of 40 studies (42.5%), ankle injuries in 13 out of 40 studies (32.5%), knee injuries in 12 out of 40 studies (30.0%), wrist injuries in 12 out of 40 studies (30.0%), hand injuries in 9 out of 40 studies (22.0%), and shoulder injuries in 8 out of 40 studies (20.0%), were the highest prevalence in all injuries. Sprains, contusions, strains, fractures, and concussions in various body parts were also observed. BMI, previous injury, surface firmness of participation, and carrying out stunts and/or training in the presence of a trainer with less coaching experience are major risk factors in incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in cheerleaders. The subgroup analysis showed that the polled prevalence of ankle injuries in cheerleaders with BMI 20-25 kg/m² (39.32%; 95% CI 16.23, 94.89) was higher than in cheerleaders with BMI <20 kg/m² (23.60%; 95% CI 19.43, 27.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results signify the need for injury prevention and management schemes, particularly targeting vulnerable body parts such as head/neck and ankle in cheerleaders. Also, paying attention to risk factors, particularly hiring trainers with much coaching experience, is of utmost importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"513-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological and performance enhancements using live high-train low in cycling, a review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Jesús Torres-Pérez, Eneko Fernández-Peña, Aitor Pinedo-Jauregi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17347-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.17347-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The \"Live High-Train Low\" protocol, as an altitude training protocol used to enhance endurance sports performance, including cycling, aims to increase red cell mass and hemoglobin mass, crucial for aerobic performance. This study sought to review and meta-analyze cycling studies applying LHTL, focusing on hematological and performance variables.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>The search of studies was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus databases and 34 studies were identified, with six meeting the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Results revealed improvements in red cell mass, hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin mass, reticulocyte count, performance variables of maximum oxygen consumption and time trial performance. However, studies with lower PEDro scores reported non-significant or modest enhancements. Meta-analysis on hemoglobin concentration] and hemoglobin mass indicated a significant positive effect (0.82%) with confidence limits of 0.62% to 1.03%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Influence and bias analyses underscored individual study impacts, urging caution in interpretation. A positive effect of Live High-Train Low on hematological variables in cycling was found, emphasizing the need for further research which amplifies studies available on Live High-Train Low in cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 4","pages":"492-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}