Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Lower limb injuries in american football players in Poland.","authors":"Ewa Wodka-Natkaniec, Łukasz Niedźwiedzki, Tadeusz Gaździk, Roman Nowobilski","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15974-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15974-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the location and types of injuries in the lower limbs in American football players in Poland. The circumstances of the injuries were identified, with particular emphasis on the player's position on the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Original questionnaire to investigate 70 consecutive Polish players was used. Analyses as a whole and divided into offensive and defensive players were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, injuries to both lower limbs accounted for 17.1%, injuries to the right lower limb to 37.2%, and injuries to the left limb to 29%. Ankle injuries were the most common, both offensive and defensive, accounting for 58.5% and 48.3% of lower limb injuries, respectively. Injuries to muscles, tendons and ligaments were more common in defensive players (55.2%), while in offensive sprains (52.5%), fractures (19.5%), and contusions (17.1%). The incidence of lower limb injuries was higher in general during training than competitions and in the case of offensive players (14.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coaching American football increases the risk of foot injury, accounting for 10% of lower limb injuries. The obtained results indicate the need to strengthen the ligamentous-muscular complex of the lower limbs. Lower limb injuries are more common among offensive players than defensive. Offensive players are twice as likely to suffer from foot injuries. Lower limb injuries are more common during training, compared to competitions, both offensively and defensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant arms in experienced overhead throwing sports athletes.","authors":"Akihiro Tamura","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15895-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15895-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overhead throwing can cause asymmetric physical characteristics induced by certain repeated asymmetric movements. Characterizing these physical properties could provide insights for health promotion, conditioning, and training planning. The status of asymmetric body composition and physical function in overhead throwing sports athletes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate body composition asymmetries in experienced overhead throwing sports athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 77 college students classified into three groups, overhead throw sports, non-overhead throw sports, and non-sports experience groups, based on past and current sports activities and years of experience. A body composition analyzer was used to measure body composition variables. The asymmetry in body composition variables between limbs was evaluated using the asymmetry index. Differences between groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lean muscle mass asymmetry index of the arms in the overhead throw group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The dominant arm lean muscle mass in the overhead throw group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. However, the non-dominant arm lean muscle mass in the overhead throw group was significantly higher than that in the non-sports experience group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overhead throwing sports results in increased muscle mass in the dominant arm and produces asymmetry in muscle mass between the arms. This asymmetry may be induced by repeated and frequent asymmetrical motions. Our findings highlight the importance of characterizing the effect of sports activities on the athletes and may provide insights for conditioning regimens for them.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength and mass in healthy adults: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Jin Dong, Jinjin Chi, Evander F Lei, Desheng Wang","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15905-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15905-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength and mass in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>According to PRISMA's statement, we searched Web of science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, Wan fang, and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trials on the effects of aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction on improving aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and muscle mass in healthy adults. The studies were published from the establishment of the database to November 2023. A supplementary search has been conducted on March 8, 2024. Review Manager5.3 and Stata17 were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>A total of 16 RCTs with 388 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: Aerobic exercise with BFR significantly affected aerobic capacity (MD and 95%CI 1.06[0.29,1.83], P<0.05), lower limb muscle strength (MD and 95%CI 7.56[5.80,9.33], P<0.05) and lower limb muscle mass (MD and 95%CI were 3.02[1.63,4.42], P<0.05) in healthy adults. The results of subgroup analysis showed that intermittent pressure was better than continuous pressure (P<0.05). Compared with the elderly, the effect of young and middle-aged was better (P<0.05). At the same time, the training form using power bikes is better than walking or running. Finally, 2-6 weeks, 2-3 sessions per week, 10-45 minutes per session can effectively improve the aerobic capacity of healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aerobic exercise with BFR can significantly improve aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength and mass in healthy adults. In the future, the effects of blood flow restriction training on healthy adults should be further studied, and the form of pressure, intervention cycle, frequency, time, intensity and other variables should be further controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of high altitude training camps with heart rate recovery and heart rate variability analysis: beneficial effect in elite swimmers.","authors":"Akin Torun, Sahhan Kilic, Mehmet Uzun, Uygur Simsek, Gamze Y Aslan, Goksel Kahraman","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15927-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15927-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The available evidence on the impact of altitude training on sports performance is inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) are among the most frequently used parameters in athletic performance analysis and monitoring. Our study aims to investigate the effect of high altitude training on HRR and HRV, which are reliable predictors of athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Elite national swimmers were included in the study. Time domain and frequency domain analyzes were performed with the Polar Verity Sense device and Kubios HRV software. HRR were measured at one-minute intervals for the first 15 minutes after peak heart rate, and then recorded at the 20^th, 25^th and 30^th minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference is observed from the beginning to the 11^th minute. The P value at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 minutes is 0.001, 0.023, 0.032, 0.019 and 0.020, respectively. Similarly, a significant change was observed in delta HRR. Among the HRV parameters, RMSSD, SDNN, Poincaré SD1 and PNS are statistically significant. P values are 0.004, 0.018, 0.024 and 0.013 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High altitude training program has a positive effect on HRV and CRV in elite swimmers. This condition is associated with increased cardiac parasympathetic activity. Time domain analyses have proven to be more beneficial for HRV. HRR and HRV are effective, reliable and inexpensive methods of performance monitoring of elite athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of simple field tests as indicators of elite female field hockey match performance.","authors":"Martinique Sparks, Colin Powell, Cindy Pienaar","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15637-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15637-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the change in field hockey match format, the need exits for research to determine whether current fitness test are still valid indicators of match performance. This study aimed to determine the direct validity of the 5-m multistage shuttle test (5-m MST) and Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1) by correlating their results with external load measures in international field hockey matches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen female field hockey players completed the 5-m MST and Yo-Yo IR1 before nine matches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Players covered mean distances of 750.3 m±19.6 m (5-m MST) and 1649.7 m±277.6 m (Yo-Yo IR1). Average relative distance, relative player load, and high-intensity activity during matches were 107.8±16.3 m/min, 10.3±1.4 AU/min, and 10.0±3.0%, respectively. The 5-m MST showed small to moderate significant (P<0.05; r=0.21-0.5) correlations with relative distance and high-intensity activity, while the Yo-Yo IR1 only had a small negative significant (P<0.05; r=-0.27) correlation with high-intensity activity. Strong correlations (r>0.51) were found between the 5-m MST and Yo-Yo IR1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tests demonstrated low direct validity for current field hockey matches due to weak relationships with relative load and running performance. Additionally, the strong correlation between the Yo-Yo IR1 and 5-m MST suggests that both tests may not be necessary to assess match readiness. Coaches should consider using better-validated fitness tests for this population and sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is occlusion training effective in increasing strength and hypertrophy of lower limb muscles in MMA fighters?","authors":"Tomasz Król, Michał Kuszewski, Michał Kamiński, Kamila Kluczniok, Wojciech Kubasik","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15782-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15782-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of implementation of the BFR training on the hypertrophy and strength of the lower limb muscles in combat sports fighters, using common and easy to perform both training and control methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Design as a randomized control trial (RCT). The study included 30 men, MMA fighters since at least a year. They were divided into two groups: (A, a control group; B, men with the BFR training). The training lasted 8 weeks (3 times a week) and consisted of performing a set of specific exercises with a load of 20% 1RM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Wilcoxon analyzing test showed important changes in muscle girth (P<0.01) and lower limb muscular strength (P<0.05). These changes were to be seen in the tested group only, not in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occlusion training is effective in increasing strength and hypertrophy of lower limb muscles in martial arts fighters.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale and design of the SPREAD study: Sport Practice and its Effects on Aortic Size and Valve Function in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease.","authors":"Luna Cavigli, Gian Luca Ragazzoni, Alex Boncompagni, Elena Cavarretta, Guido Claessen, Antonello D'Andrea, Thijs M Eijsvogels, Laura Galian-Gay, Martin Halle, Valentina Mantegazza, Antonella Moreo, Antonio Pelliccia, Marìa Sanz DE LA Garza, Laura Stefani, Emeline M VAN Craenenbroeck, Jose L Zamorano, Flavio D'Ascenzi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16051-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16051-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect among adults, often leading to severe valve dysfunction and aortic complications. Despite its clinical significance, uncertainties persist regarding the impact of sports participation on the natural course of BAV disease. The SPREAD (Sport PRactice and its Effects on Bicuspid Aortic valve Disease) study is a multicenter and multinational project designed to investigate this relationship. This paper outlines the study's design, and objectives. The study is divided into two phases; phase one involves a cross-sectional analysis comparing aortic dimensions and valve function among competitive athletes with BAV, athletes with tricuspid aortic valves (TAV), and sedentary individuals with BAV. The second phase is a prospective, longitudinal follow-up aiming to evaluate the impact of regular sports training on disease progression. The SPREAD study seeks to provide evidence-based insights into the effects of sports participation on BAV disease progression, guiding clinical decision-making regarding sports eligibility and risk stratification for individuals with BAV.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are professional road cycling countries selecting their talents based on anthropometric characteristics which suit the countries' terrain?","authors":"Jens G Voet, Robert P Lamberts, Jos J de Koning, Teun VAN Erp","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15785-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15785-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates if countries are more focused on certain specializations (one day, climb, sprint, time trial [TT] and grand tour [GC]) in male professional road cycling and if this is possibly linked to the countries landscape (for example, does a mountainous country have more climbers?) and anthropometric characteristics (does the mountainous country also have lighter cyclists?) of their cyclists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body weight, height, procyclingstats (PCS) points per specialty were gathered from 1810 professional cyclists out of 15 countries, as well as the elevation span of those countries. To compare the anthropometric differences between different countries, height was normalized based on the average height of the countries' population, while BMI was used as a correction for body weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average anthropometrics (body weight and height) of professional cyclists in a country are related to the relative number of PCS points collected in GC, sprint and climb races. This means that when a country has shorter and lighter cyclists, they score relatively better in GC and climb races and vice versa for sprint races, which indicates that countries are focused on certain specialties. However, these relationships were not found for TT and one day PCS points. In addition, countries with larger cyclists have a less mountainous (elevation span) landscape compared to countries with lighter cyclists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest a selection bias towards smaller/lighter or taller/heavier cyclists in various countries, probably caused by the terrain of their home country, leading to missed opportunities for some cyclists to reach professional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional exercise capacity in a late bloomer octogenarian triathlete.","authors":"Pietro Lavisci, Jonathan Myers, Giovanni Grazzi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15979-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15979-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>) gradually declines across the lifespan. However, little is known about the octogenarians. This is a knowledge gap given that individuals living >80 years old is the fastest expanding age-group world-wide. The increase in the elderly population has generated greater awareness in healthy ageing including psychosocial, physical, and cognitive domains, all of which benefit from engagement in physical activity or sport. In the present article are reported characteristics of an octogenarian man (GM), starting training for triathlon when he was 75 years old. GM performed an incremental Cardiopulmonary Treadmill-Running Exercise Test (CPX). A competitive 5-day consecutive triathlon event (sprint distance on days 1, 3, 4, 5 and Olympic distance on day 2) was monitored using an advanced smartwatch. Between 2021 and 2022, he trained for 10-to-12 hours/week, and participated in 59 and 39 competitions, respectively. The CPX showed a V̇O<inf>2max</inf> of 39.8 mL·min^-1·kg^-1, the 3^rd highest value ever described in the literature among octogenarians and corresponding to the ≈60^th percentile of 40-to-49-year-old men. During the 5-day triathlon (overall 12:15 h:min), 88% of time was spent at 77-95% of maximum heart rate (i.e., vigorous exercise intensity). In addition, GM was the 2022 Triathlon Olympic distance World Champion. The remarkably high V̇O<inf>2max</inf> and performance described herein were associated with exceptionally high exercise volume and intensity during training and competition, up to more than four times the recommended physical activity by current guidelines. These results further support the benefits of endurance exercise among octogenarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencing factors and physiological parameters of psychological hurdle and motivation immediately prior to exercise.","authors":"Takemune Fukuie, Koshiro Inoue, Akihiko Yamaguchi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16055-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16055-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To obtain the benefits of exercise as physical inactivity becomes a global concern, managing psychological hurdles to exercise implementation is important. This study examined troublesomeness, motivation, and physiological parameters immediately before exhaustive exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one healthy university students (mean age 19.87±2.21 years, 19 female) performed two conditions on separate days: performing push-ups to exhaustion (PE condition) and performing push-ups of the 30% count of the PE condition (P30 condition). Before the push-ups, the participants sat at rest for 5 minutes and were asked about their psychological states; after the first 2 minutes, PE or P30 conditions to be performed that day were disclosed to prepare them psychologically. During the rest, changes in the heart rate variability (HRV), pupil diameter, and front polar area (FPA) neural activity were measured before and after disclosure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Troublesomeness and FPA neural activities were significantly higher in the PE than in the P30 (P<0.001, P=0.04, P=0.01). Correlation analysis revealed correlations between motivation and pupil diameter (P=0.002), and negative correlations between total physical activity (TPA) and negative image of exercise (P=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FPA activity could reflect the psychological hurdle to exhaustive exercise, pupil diameter could reflect the motivational arousal to exercise, and TPA could modulate the psychological hurdle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}