Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Multidisciplinary oversight in sports eligibility: a medico-legal perspective from a regional appeal commission in Italy.","authors":"Francesco Gongolo, Livia Aita, Stefano DE Carli, Gianluigi Moise, Lucio Mos, Cristiano Pesavento, Irena Tavčar","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18003-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.18003-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"887-889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and anthropometric influence of a new Light-Based Reactive Agility Wall Test in basketball.","authors":"Audrius Snieckus, Jerald Pathadan Titus, Kestutis Matulaitis, Gal Ziv, Sigitas Kamandulis","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17568-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17568-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a newly developed Reactive Agility Test and examine the impact of body dimensions on performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male university-level basketball players (N.=32; age: 22.3±2.2 years; height: 190.7±8.2 cm; arm span: 189.9±9.6 cm; weight: 80.1±10.9 kg) completed testing over three laboratory visits within one week. Tests on days 1 and 2 assessed the test-retest reliability of the Light-Based Reactive Agility Wall Test (LBRAT-W), developed through multiple pilot trials using the Witty SEM electronic system. On day 3, to evaluate the influence of anthropometric factors, the equipment layout was customized to each participant's height, arm span, and downward reach. Each session included eight trials: four unplanned (Unplanned Light-Based Reactive Agility Wall Test, U-LBRAT-W), with unpredictable light sequences, and four planned (Planned Light-Based Reactive Agility Wall Test, P-LBRAT-W), with numbered plates indicating the sequence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both U-LBRAT-W and P-LBRAT-W demonstrated good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.895 and 0.848), the same as the time difference between planned and unplanned tasks (Reactivity Index [RE-Index], ICC=0.891). Performance improved on day 2 for both tests (P<0.05), suggesting a learning effect, while RE-Index remained stable (P>0.05). Height explained approximately 10.8% of the variance in the unplanned test and 5.0% in the planned test but had minimal influence on the RE-Index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LBRAT-W is a reliable tool for assessing reactive agility, with the RE-Index independent of height, although scaling may be considered for planned and unplanned task completion times if these are the primary outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"719-725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief, clinically feasible alternative to evaluate response to exercise following sport-related concussion: initial validation of the 10-M in male healthy controls.","authors":"Aaron M Sinnott, Michael Paddack, George Ruddy, Blake Carlton, Victoria L Kochick, Shawn R Eagle, Michael W Collins, Jason P Mihalik, Sarah Ostop, Christopher Connaboy, Anthony P Kontos","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17477-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17477-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to compare physiological responses, concussion symptoms, and rating of perceived exertion between the 10-M and treadmill protocols for the aerobic component of the dynamic exertion test (EXiT). We hypothesized that these outcomes would be similar between protocols and have moderate-to-strong agreement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a within subject, cross-over study design comprised of fourteen healthy and physically active male adults. Participants performed the treadmill and the 10-M protocols in a randomized order separated by a 30-minute rest period. Pre- and postexercise resting heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Symptoms (headache, dizziness, and nausea), and RPE were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were conducted for HR and BP, and Cronbach's alpha for symptoms and RPE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was moderate agreement for HR across minutes 6-12 (ICC>0.723, P<0.002) and postexercise diastolic BP (ICC=0.776, P<0.022), but not postexercise systolic BP or resting HR (P>0.05). Concussion symptoms and RPE were equivocal (Cronbach's alpha = 0.955, P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physiological and clinical responses between 10-M and treadmill conditions for the aerobic component of EXiT were comparable; the 10-M protocol may be an alternative approach to implement the aerobic component of EXiT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"751-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Major League Baseball pitch clock: two-year position player retrospective cohort injury analysis.","authors":"Troy B Puga, Mckenna W Box, Charles R Marchese, Hans Drawbert, John T Riehl","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17619-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17619-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One year after the Major League Baseball (MLB) pitch clock was implemented, position players saw decreased injury rates. The aim of this study was to see if injury rates in position players decreased two years after the implementation of the MLB pitch clock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Injury data was collected for the 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 MLB seasons for position players using the fangraphs.com injury database. The incidence rate ratio was calculated to compare the injury rate for the 2024 season to each of the 2021, 2022, and 2023 seasons. A z-test for proportions was used to determine significance levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison of the 2024 season to both the 2022 and 2021 seasons found a statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in the overall total incidence of injuries, upper extremity injuries, head and neck injuries, and lower extremity injuries. Comparison of the 2024 to the 2023 season also found a decrease in the incidence of injuries for the overall number of injuries (P=0.020) and head and neck injuries (P=0.424).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a continued decrease in the overall incidence of injuries and a decrease in the incidence of injuries in multiple sub-categories at two-year follow-up since the implementation of the pitch clock. This continued decrease in injuries in position players may stem from a decrease in players' overall workloads over a season.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"755-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed new direct method to detect match-fixing.","authors":"Pierre Sallet, Lisa A Kihl","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17602-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17602-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research aims to demonstrate the validity of using video analysis as a direct method of detecting the manipulation of sports competitions (i.e., match-fixing).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the case of an allegedly manipulated professional handball competition, the direct detection method was developed and used as evidence during expert testimony for the courts. The analysis divided the video of the alleged fixed handball competition into key points. Biomechanical analysis was conducted on each key point to identify intentional performance deficiencies (i.e. match-fixing) in motor behavior actions with or without a ball, performed in a favorable environment, and contrary to the interest of the team or player.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The video analysis method strongly limited the number of hypotheses for the explanation and thus demonstrated when aspects of the contest were fixed. This work demonstrates the high potential for a direct match-fixing detection method from video analysis not only for handball but more generally for team or individual sports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides important support for the use of video analysis in real time to fight against match-fixing and to protect the integrity of sport more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":"66 6","pages":"732-741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic efficiency in a supramaximal treadmill running test does not directly determine 400-m sprint performance.","authors":"Kotaro Muratomi, Yuki Furuhashi, Naoki Ushirooka, Kohei Kanno, Satoru Tanigawa, Hirohiko Maemura","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17599-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17599-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 400-m sprint is a complex event requiring contributions from the phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative energy systems. This study investigated the relation between metabolic energy expenditure during short-term supramaximal running and 400-m sprint performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male sprinters performed a treadmill test at approximately 90% of their mean 400-m sprint speed. Energy expenditure was estimated based on three components: the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (phosphagen system), the difference between peak and baseline blood lactate concentrations (glycolytic system), and oxygen uptake above the baseline level (oxidative system).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant correlations between total or individual energy expenditures (phosphagen, glycolytic, oxidative) and 400-m sprint time (r=-0.216-0.405, P=0.119-0.423), with variability in individual energy distribution strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that metabolic efficiency alone does not directly determine 400-m sprint performance. Instead, they emphasize the importance of personalized training programs that focus on optimizing individual energy system utilization and pacing strategies rather than solely enhancing metabolic efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"726-731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From talented junior to World Tour cyclist: significance of physiological and psychological characteristics.","authors":"Annemiek J Roete, Adriaan J Helmantel, Robert P Lamberts, Marije T Elferink-Gemser","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17374-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17374-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Junior cyclists' anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics influence their performance. Understanding what distinguishes those who became successful from those who did not provides valuable insights for talent development. However, sample sizes in talent investigations are inherently small. Therefore, this study introduced Z-scores for analyzing talents' characteristics and identifying any discernible patterns in those who advanced to the World Tour level within their first three senior years and those who did not. The study also examined sex-based differences to determine whether sex-disaggregated analyses should be done separately for sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anthropometric (height, weight), physiological (absolute, relative, VO<inf>2</inf>max, peak power output), and psychological characteristics (goal orientation, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and self-confidence) were assessed in a cohort of 37 talented junior cyclists (27 males/10 females) aged 17-18 years. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze sex-based differences and a novel method using Z-scores was introduced to examine characteristics influencing eventual success.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) Test with post-hoc tests revealed sex-based differences in anthropometric and physiological characteristics (P<0.01), but not in psychological characteristics (P>0.05). Differential Z-Score patterns were detected, with eventually successful male attaining higher combined scores for relative VO<inf>2</inf>max and self-confidence than the less successful cyclists. No clear patterns emerged for women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analysing Z-Score patterns may yield insight into the characteristics underlying talents' eventual success. Higher Z-scores across multiple characteristics in male junior cyclists indicated that well-developed physiological as well as psychological characteristics are important for advancing to the World Tour level. The pathway for women appeared to be less selective.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"683-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of player level and body composition-performance associations in Finnish elite women's soccer.","authors":"Eero H J Savolainen, Mirva A Harjunen, Johanna K Ihalainen","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17763-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17763-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to compare body composition and physical performance between national-team selected and non-selected female soccer players, and to examine the potential associations between body composition and physical performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five female players were divided into two groups: national-team players (N.=22, 22±3 years) and league players (not selected to national-team N.=23, 22±4 years) players. Body composition was assessed using the Inbody 720 device, and physical performance was measured by the following field tests: 30-meter sprint test, Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Test, and the 1200-meter shuttle run test to estimate maximal aerobic speed (MAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in body composition were found between groups, but national-team players were faster in the 30-meter sprint (4.55±0.14 s [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.48-4.61] vs. 4.67±0.18 s [4.59-4.75], g = -0.72 [-1.34 to -0.10], P=0.021) and had higher MAS (4.28±0.20 m/s [4.18-4.38] vs. 4.04±0.29 m/s [3.91-4.16], g = 0.94 [0.31 to 1.57], P=0.003). For correlation and regression analyses, data was pooled across groups. Weak-to-moderate correlations (r=-0.327 to -0.577, P<0.05) were found between body composition variables and physical performance. Linear regression analysis indicated that body composition variables explained 8-33% of the variance in performance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite no differences in body composition between groups, national-team players were faster and had higher MAS, and body composition showed weak-to-moderate associations with performance. Elite preparation should therefore target the concurrent development of physical performance and body composition, progressed together within multidisciplinary, high-standard practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"742-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute biochemical and physiological responses to prolonged road cycling in competitive youth athletes: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hermenegildo Salazar-Monge, Laura L Valdez-Velazquez, Mario A Gaitan-Hinojosa, Ethel A Apango-Figueroa, Carlos E Barajas-Saucedo, Pedro J Flores-Moreno, Oscar F Vazquez-Vuelvas","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17553-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17553-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Road cycling requires high-intensity efforts from athletes due to the prolonged and intense training sessions. The impact of the effort is reflected in physiological changes described by acute biochemical responses. Monitoring these metabolic signals is essential for optimizing training and safeguarding health. This report aims to analyze the behavior of acute biochemical and physiological changes induced by a prolonged road cycling session in competitive youth athletes, to identify safe and effective training strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen competitive youth cyclists rode for 115-km prolonged road cycling session. Anthropometric data (body weight, height, body fat percentage, muscle mass, limb circumferences) and physiological measures (blood pressure, fasting glucose) were collected. Venous blood samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate using spectrophotometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postexercise, significant increases were observed in urea (P<0.001, d=1.53), creatinine (P<0.001, d=1.13), uric acid (P<0.001, d=1.25), triglycerides (P=0.01, d=0.71), potassium (P=0.003, d=0.88), calcium (P<0.001, d=1.15), glucose (P=0.006, d=0.77), and lactate (P<0.001, d=1.48). In contrast, total cholesterol significantly decreased (P=0.005, d=0.79), while sodium and chloride remained unchanged. Thigh circumference increased significantly (45.23 to 51 cm; P<0.001), indicating transient muscle swelling, whereas calf circumference showed no significant change. Resting lactate levels were within normal ranges for trained individuals (0.5-2.2 mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the pronounced acute metabolic stress induced by prolonged cycling, including protein catabolism, lipid mobilization, electrolyte shifts, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Regular biochemical assessment is recommended to optimize training, performance, and athlete safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"701-708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of factors associated with shoulder pain in elite male high school soft tennis players.","authors":"Takumi Watabu, Toru Tanabe, Hiroichi Miaki, Tomonari Sugano, Masahiro Kosaka, Rikuto Yoshimizu","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17724-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17724-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soft tennis is a racket sport involving frequent overhead motions that is popular in Asia, especially among high school students in Japan. In other overhead sports, such as baseball and tennis, lower kinetic chain elements, such as hip range of motion (ROM), have been implicated in the development of shoulder pain. However, their specific involvement has not been fully clarified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated 160 elite male high school soft tennis players. Collected data included participant characteristics, history of shoulder pain, and passive shoulder and hip ROM. Three logistic regression models were constructed: Model 1 (height + shoulder ROM), Model 2 (height + hip ROM), and Model 3 (height + shoulder and hip ROM). Model performance was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and the area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Model 3 demonstrated the best overall fit (AIC: 185.1, BIC: 197.4, AUC: 0.73); however, the improvement over Model 1 was marginal in practical terms. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and height were significantly associated with shoulder pain, whereas hip ROM variables were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GIRD and shorter stature were associated with shoulder pain in elite male high school soft tennis players. Hip ROM was not directly associated with shoulder pain. This study is the first to investigate shoulder pain-related factors in elite adolescent soft tennis players by systematically comparing shoulder ROM-only, hip ROM-only, and combined models, demonstrating greater explanatory performance for models incorporating shoulder ROM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":"760-767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}