Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

{"title":"A standard operating procedure proposal for the warm-up of sit and reach test in young adults.","authors":"Luca Petrigna, Bruno Trovato, Federico Roggio, Marta Zanghì, Martina Sortino, Alessandra Amato, Giuseppe Musumeci","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16057-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16057-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sit and reach test (SRT) is an evaluation of muscle extensibility. Most studies adopting the SRT do not provide information about the warm-up. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a training that has positive outcomes also on flexibility performance. It was decided to evaluate how warm-up, also with WBV, influences flexibility and to propose a standard operating procedure that adopts this instrument.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety participants performed the SRT three times: half performed it with WBV to maximize the performance; half underwent a passive rest between the SRT. Data were analyzed with the Friedman Test and the Pairwise Comparisons Durbin-Conover.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences between SRT repetitions were reduced after two trials. SRT1 vs. SRT2 presented a difference of 1.1 cm (P=0.063), and SRT2 and SRT3 had a difference of 1 cm (P=0.453). The SRT results with WBV provided a valuable difference between the first and the second trial of 3.1 cm (P<0.001) while between the second and the third was 0.3 cm (P=0.609). No statistical differences were between SRT3 with and without WBV (P=0.384).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was an acute positive effect of WBV on flexibility. The findings also suggest that before the SRT, participants had to perform a standardized warm-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training with electrical muscle stimulation: a novel method to improve Body Mass Index, lipid profile, growth hormone, and cortisol in overweight subjects.","authors":"Elnaz Riyahi, Jalil Reisi, Sayyed M Marandi, Milad Abdollahi","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16188-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16188-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skeletal muscles constitute approximately 40% of our body mass, performing crucial roles in mobility, metabolism, and heat generation. This study delves into the impact of whole body-electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training on muscle growth and anabolic factors in individuals grappling with excess weight. A cohort of 30 participants was randomly assigned to an EMS group and a control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EMS group adhered to a training regimen involving a whole-body EMS device engineered to concurrently and independently stimulate various body regions. This innovative apparatus administered a bipolar electric current with a pulse frequency of 85 Hz, a pulse width spanning 350 µs, and a rectangular waveform featuring a 0.4-second ramp. Stimulation patterns oscillated between 6 seconds of activation and 4 seconds of rest. The device precisely targeted the legs, anterior and posterior thighs, arms, buttocks, abdomen, chest, and lower and upper back while covering a substantial area of 2600 cm². The training program included 24 WB-EMS sessions conducted over 8 weeks. There were 3 training sessions per week, each lasting 20 minutes. A dedicated rest day was scheduled between sessions to facilitate recovery and adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that exercise training significantly reduced Body Mass Index (BMI) (P<0.0001) and significantly improved cholesterol levels (P<0.0016), including reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.0146) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P<0.0003). Along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P<0.0238). In addition, the study showed an increase in growth hormone levels (P<0.0001) along with a decrease in cortisol levels (P<0.0008) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (P<0.0187).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consequently, EMS training emerges as a time-efficient and effective alternative to conventional exercise routines, enhancing skeletal muscle function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visuospatial abilities and cardiorespiratory fitness in amateur sport climbers: a cross-sectional study with healthy controls.","authors":"Małgorzata Piskunowicz, Agnieszka Skopowska","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16651-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16651-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has suggested a potential link between specific cognitive functions, fitness, and various sports disciplines, yet the findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to explore visuospatial functions and cardiorespiratory fitness in beginner and more advanced amateur sport climbers compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used Guay's Visualization of Viewpoints task (GVV), the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), the Corsi Block-Tapping Test (Corsi test), and the Simple Visual Reaction Time task (SVRT) to primarily assess visuospatial functions. Climbing experience (years, hardest sport climbing route completed) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max via the Chester Step Test) were measured. All participants were assessed for anxiety levels using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to the cognitive function assessment. Participants (female N.=48, male N.=46, mean age 30.23±5.62) were divided into three groups: experienced climbers (N.=29), beginner climbers (N.=31), and healthy non-climbers as a control group (N.=34).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in cognitive performance between the three groups. However, higher VO<inf>2</inf>max correlated with better performance on the GVV in the entire sample, as well as in women separately and climbers (both men and women). Additionally, among experienced climbers, GVV performance correlated with the hardest climbing route they had completed. Male climbers who climbed more frequently each week demonstrated better executive function, as indicated by generating more unique geometric patterns in the RFFT. Overall, being physically active was associated with shorter SVRT. Lastly, men significantly outperformed women on both the GVV and SVRT. Trait anxiety, which was significantly higher in women, negatively correlated with GVV scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no significant differences in visuospatial performance or cardiorespiratory fitness among beginner climbers, experienced climbers, and non-climbers. However, both cardiorespiratory fitness and climbing achievements were positively associated with better visuospatial abilities. While women scored lower than men on the GVV and SVRT tests, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was linked to improved GVV performance in female participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of handheld percussive massage therapy on various posterior shoulder soft tissue areas in healthy young males.","authors":"Takaki Imai, Takashi Nagamatsu, Yushin Yoshizato, Kodai Miyara, Megumi Sumizono, Masatoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16101-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16101-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interventions using vibration stimulation can increase the range of motion (ROM) without compromising muscle strength. Handheld percussive massage directly stimulates the focal area. Therefore, its effectiveness may be affected depending on the areas of stimulation. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of handheld percussive massage to different stimulation areas on shoulder internal rotation ROM and shoulder external rotation muscle strength and torque.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This crossover study included 15 healthy male volunteers (20.6±1.5 years). A 5-min percussive massage was applied to three posterior shoulder areas: the muscle belly, proximal muscle-tendon junction, and distal muscle-tendon junction. Internal rotation ROM (vertebral level and abduction position) and external rotation muscle strength (isometric and concentric) were measured before and immediately after the intervention and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal rotation ROM (vertebral level and abduction position) showed a time effect (P<0.05). No interaction or between-condition effects were observed. Post hoc testing showed a change in internal rotation ROM (vertebral level and abduction position) after intervention at the three stimulation areas (P<0.05). Muscular strength did not show any interaction, time, or between-condition effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Handheld percussive massage therapy to various posterior shoulder soft tissue areas increased the internal rotation ROM without decreasing the external rotation maximum voluntary contraction torque.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football referee's dilemma: negotiation between motor and cognitive tasks.","authors":"Semra Oguz, Nilufer Keskin Dilbay, Hilal B Can, Mehmet Inceer, Suleyman F Hangun, Zubeyir Sari, Mine G Polat","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16068-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16068-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Football referees are exposed to a substantial level of motor and cognitive load during a game and perform dual tasks (DT) to make the best decisions. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate referees' motor performances during DT with different cognitive loads and compare their performances and those of the athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recruited 42 male referees and 60 male athletes completed the Edgren Side Step Test (ESST) as a single motor task (ST) and Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) Test at two different speeds (240 ms to 300 ms) at cognitive ST. Then, the tests were conducted concurrently as DT. Dual-task costs (DTC) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparison of ESST ST scores revealed that the scores of the referees were significantly higher than those of the athletes (P<0.001). The ESST and MOT scores of referees and the athletes significantly decreased during the DT (P<0.001 in both). Comparison of groups showed that the referees' ESST scores were significantly higher during the DT (P=0.026), while the groups' responses were similar regarding MOT scores (P=0.476). No differences were found in motor and cognitive performance DTC scores between the groups (P=0.465, P=0.184, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DT reduced the motor and cognitive performances of both referees and athletes. Considering the importance of referees' motor and cognitive performance and ability to make correct decisions during the match, it is thought that training aimed at developing DT performances can be useful.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handgrip strength and asymmetry are associated with lower-body muscle power in older women.","authors":"Ty B Palmer","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16421-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16421-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The difference in strength between hands, as characterized by handgrip asymmetry, has been shown to be significantly associated with several adverse health outcomes. Handgrip strength asymmetry and its relationship with lower-body muscle power in older adults is not well understood. This study aimed to determine if handgrip strength and asymmetry are associated with lower-body muscle power in older women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty active older women (67±5 years) participated in this study. Handgrip contractions were performed with the dominant and non-dominant hand to assess strength measurements of peak force, peak rate of force development (RFD), and RFD at 0-100 (RFD100) and 0-200 (RFD200) ms. Asymmetry ratios were used to determine the severity of differences in handgrip peak force and RFD measurements between the dominant and non-dominant hand. Lower-body peak muscle power was assessed from a vertical jump test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All handgrip peak force and RFD measurements for the dominant and non-dominant hands were significantly associated with vertical jump peak power (r=0.445-0.547, P=0.013-0.049). Significant correlations were observed between vertical jump peak power and handgrip asymmetry ratios for peak RFD (r=-0.460, P=0.041) and RFD100 (r=-0.591, P=0.006). Multiple regression analysis indicated that handgrip RFD100 asymmetry ratio and RFD200 for the dominant hand were significant predictors of vertical jump peak power, and together, explained 53.9% of its variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that handgrip RFD and asymmetry may be effective measurements at predicting lower-body muscle power in older women.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerostin and bone mass in pubertal girls: different associations between athletes and non-athletes.","authors":"Jaak Jürimäe, Liina Remmel, Anna-Liisa Tamm, Vallo Tillmann","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16293-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16293-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rhythmic gymnasts (RG) start their heavy trainings already at early age and despite of low body fat mass, their bone parameters are higher than in untrained controls (UC). The specific role of sclerostin and preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), which are the negative regulators of bone mass by inhibiting bone formation, is not well understood in puberty. The aims of the study were to compare sclerostin and Pref-1 between RG and UC, and to evaluate relationships of sclerostin and Pref-1 with bone mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study involved 32 RG and 32 UC girls aged 10-12 years. Bone mass and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and plasma sclerostin and Pref-1 concentrations were assessed from fasting blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sclerostin was higher (P<0.0001) in RG (24.2±8.8 pmol/L) compared with UC (14.7±10.0 pmol/L¹), while Pref-1 was similar between the groups. In RG, sclerostin was positively correlated with lumbar spine (LS) (r=0.44; P=0.012) and femoral neck (FN) (r=0.37; P=0.039) bone mineral content (BMC), whereas in UC, sclerostin was inversely associated with LS (r=-0.37; P=0.039) and FN (r=-0.35; P=0.048) BMC. In RG, sclerostin remained positively correlated with LS BMC independent of confounding factors (r=0.60; P=0.001). Pref-1 was not correlated with any bone mass values in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early pubertal RG girls have higher plasma sclerostin levels compared UC. Sclerostin has differential associations with bone mass in RG compared to UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal wake-up time for short-term peak performance in the morning.","authors":"Akiko Honda, Hidenori Kondo, Taiga Matsuda","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16471-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports performance is low in the morning compared with those later in the day, and taking steps to improve performance in the morning is crucial. The awakening timing is important; however, few studies have focused on this issue. The aim of this study was to clarify the optimal wake-up time for short-term peak performance in the morning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen male college baseball players completed three performance tests changed with the elapsed time from awakening (ET); 1, 2.5, and 4 h (1H, 2.5H, and 4H, wake-up times were 09:00, 07:30, and 06:00, respectively). Performance tests started at 10:00. Flexibility, reaction time, isometric muscle strength, vertical jump, and agility were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant main effect of ET was observed solely in agility (P<0.05); agility at 4H tended to be greater than at 1H, though this difference was not significant (P=0.059). However, the ET to peak performance varied depending on the individual or test parameters. Many participants showed peak performance at 2.5H or 4H, whereas few participants achieved the peak at 1H in multiple parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of ET might be minimal for short and momentary performances. Although our data did not indicate the optimal wake-up time, setting the wake-up time based on individual pattern was recommended. However, this time should be preferably at least 2.5h or earlier before sports activity starts in the morning.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic list strength test as an indicator of sprint running performance.","authors":"Ryu Nagahara, Kazunori Yoshizuka, Kento Yoneta","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16457-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16457-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to develop a new test for evaluating pelvic list strength (PLS) and to clarify whether the test would be an indicator of sprint running performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The maximal vertical ground reaction force exerted by maximal pelvic list was measured using a force plate (sports sensing; 1000 Hz) as PLS test value. For the experiment, 14 male sprinters performed 60-m sprints, single-leg squat, countermovement and rebound-continuous jumps, and PLS test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PLS values were 6.05±1.36 and 6.07±1.02 N/kg for the right and left sides, respectively. No significant correlations were found between vertical jump test variables and the PLS variable for each side. Significant correlations were found between the right PLS and 60-m and 30- to 60-m sprint times (r=-0.537 and -0.581), while no significant correlation was found for the left side. Although the correlation coefficient did not reach significance level, its magnitudes of right PLS with running speed at the 5^th-8^th, 17^th-20^th and 21^st-24^th step sections (r=0.478-0.513) and with increment of running speed at the 5th-8th step section (r=0.506) were moderate or high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that the currently developed test could evaluate specific strength related to the pelvic list that cannot be evaluated using commonly used single-leg vertical jump tests. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the PLS may possibly be important for increasing running speed in the middle acceleration section and keeping high running speed in the later acceleration section.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory remarks by the Editor in Chief.","authors":"Antonio Pelliccia","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16991-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16991-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}