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Facet Orientation-Dependent Strain Relaxation Stabilizes FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02674
Tinghuan Yang, Yang Yang, Tianqi Niu, Erxin Zhao, Nan Wu, Shuang Wang, Xin Chen, Shumei Wang, Yajie Wang, Yin Wu, Zheng Zhang, Cheng Ma, Yongshuai Gong, Dongxue Liu, Kui Zhao
{"title":"Facet Orientation-Dependent Strain Relaxation Stabilizes FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Tinghuan Yang, Yang Yang, Tianqi Niu, Erxin Zhao, Nan Wu, Shuang Wang, Xin Chen, Shumei Wang, Yajie Wang, Yin Wu, Zheng Zhang, Cheng Ma, Yongshuai Gong, Dongxue Liu, Kui Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02674","url":null,"abstract":"The exclusive orientation of a singular perovskite facet during crystallization can lead to significant strain accumulation in solution-processed films, compromising the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this issue, we propose a facet-complementarity strategy through crystallization modulation utilizing a formamidine-based additive 1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine-3-carboximidamide hydrochloride (FPPC) to control strain accumulation. The FPPC ligand shows strong adsorption on the (111) facet of perovskite via chemical interactions with octahedra lattice, promoting the formation of a more stable (111) facet against the preferred (100) orientation and achieving facet complementarity in the FAPbI<sub>3</sub> film. Additionally, the increased dissociation barrier of the ligand-PbI<sub>2</sub> bonding extends the crystallization growth window, allowing for a better lattice rearrangement and a balanced crystallization rate from bulk to surface. As a result, the facet-complementary devices achieve champion efficiencies of 25.63 and 24.26% on 0.09 and 1.0 cm<sup>2</sup> scales, respectively, with greatly enhanced device longevity.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interface Engineering of Aluminum Foil Anode for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries under Extreme Conditions
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03066
Jiazhen Cai, Xin Zhang, Huiyang Gou, Gongkai Wang
{"title":"Interface Engineering of Aluminum Foil Anode for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries under Extreme Conditions","authors":"Jiazhen Cai, Xin Zhang, Huiyang Gou, Gongkai Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03066","url":null,"abstract":"Alloy foil anodes have garnered significant attention because of their compelling metallic characteristics and high specific capacities, while solid-state electrolytes present opportunities to enhance their reversibility. However, the interface and bulk degradation during cycling pose challenges for achieving low-pressure and high-performance solid-state batteries. In this study, we engineered a nonintrusive solid-state electrolyte rich in fluorine and boron and developed aluminum metal foils featuring a densely structured and highly lithiated interface, effectively suppressing interfacial contact loss and promoting the formation of a stable interfacial layer rich in fluorine and boron, helping to minimize fluctuations in Coulombic efficiency. With high areal cathode capacities (∼2.5 mAh cm<sup>–2</sup>), the low-pressure solid-state battery exhibited stable cycling performance for over 140 cycles, achieving an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.86%. Our findings provide a solid framework for designing durable electrolyte/anode interfaces in ambient-pressure, intrinsically safe alloy-foil-based solid-state batteries.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing Water Management with Three-Dimensionally Micropatterned Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02824
Chang Liu, Tianyue Gao, Leanna Schulte, Sariah Marth, Heemin Park, Chulsung Bae, Thomas E. Mallouk
{"title":"Enhancing Water Management with Three-Dimensionally Micropatterned Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells","authors":"Chang Liu, Tianyue Gao, Leanna Schulte, Sariah Marth, Heemin Park, Chulsung Bae, Thomas E. Mallouk","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02824","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) offer a promising solution for clean hydrogen utilization. However, effective water management remains a challenge due to the concurrent generation and consumption of water at the electrodes, which impacts the efficiency of AEMFCs at high current densities. Here, we report the fabrication of alkaline fuel cells with improved water management by employing a three-dimensionally patterned alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) at the interface with the cathode catalyst layer. This micropatterned AEM, made by soft lithography, enables a power density of 628 mW cm<sup>–2</sup> at a current density of 1100 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>, representing an approximately 50% performance improvement over identical AEMFCs made from conventional two-dimensional AEMs. The patterned AEM also improves platinum utilization due to the increased catalyst-membrane contact area and tailored catalyst layer thickness.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Operando Infrared Nanospectroscopy of the Silicon/Electrolyte Interface during Initial Stages of Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Layer Formation
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03255
Andrew Dopilka, Jonathan M. Larson, Robert Kostecki
{"title":"Operando Infrared Nanospectroscopy of the Silicon/Electrolyte Interface during Initial Stages of Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Layer Formation","authors":"Andrew Dopilka, Jonathan M. Larson, Robert Kostecki","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03255","url":null,"abstract":"The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a critical component in Li-ion batteries; however, its nanoscale structure and composition and unstable nature make it difficult to characterize and ascertain primary functional mechanisms. We use <i>operando</i> nanoscale Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) with a broadband synchrotron IR source to study the SEI formation on a thin-film Si electrode at nanometer-scale spatial resolution as a function of time and voltage. By probing the Si/carbonate electrolyte interface through a 25 nm-thick amorphous Si window/electrode, we detect molecular vibrational modes within a 10s of nanometers region adjacent to the Si surface and observe that PF<sub>6</sub><sup>–</sup> anions react to form LiF at 0.5 V. Spatially resolved nano-FTIR spectra showcase subtle nanoscale heterogeneities in the initial solid/liquid interface and the resulting deposited LiF. With its nanoscale resolution and high chemical specificity, <i>operando</i> nano-FTIR provides unique insights into the dynamics and heterogeneous formation of SEIs and opens opportunities for connecting nanoscale interfacial properties to bulk performance metrics.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing the Trade-Off between Charge Generation and Nonradiative Voltage Loss via Asymmetric Strategy Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells over 19.5%
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03168
Hongchen Rong, Pengfei Ding, Shanshan Qin, Zhenyu Chen, Da Liu, Fengzhi Wang, Kangqiao Ma, Yongchao Hu, Deping Qian, Ziyi Ge
{"title":"Reducing the Trade-Off between Charge Generation and Nonradiative Voltage Loss via Asymmetric Strategy Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells over 19.5%","authors":"Hongchen Rong, Pengfei Ding, Shanshan Qin, Zhenyu Chen, Da Liu, Fengzhi Wang, Kangqiao Ma, Yongchao Hu, Deping Qian, Ziyi Ge","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03168","url":null,"abstract":"Halogenation and asymmetry strategy on the 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) terminal groups are effective approaches for constructing efficient nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this study, we introduced iodine-based I-INCN and the chlorine-based Cl-INCN into one molecule named BOCl-I, in which I-INCN is beneficial for suppressing nonradiative recombination and Cl-INCN makes for charge generation. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.60% was achieved in the PM6:BOCl-I-based device, which is one of the champion PCEs among the reported binary organic solar cells to date. Detailed analyses revealed that the PM6:BOCl-I based device strikes a balance between efficient charge generation and suppressed nonradiative recombination, leading to a low nonradiative voltage loss of 0.228 eV and higher short circuit current density of 28.7 mA·cm<sup>–2</sup>. This work demonstrates a feasible way to reduce the trade-off between charge generation and nonradiative recombination via the synergetic effect of halogenation and asymmetric strategy.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrothermal Carbon Capture and Utilization─A Review
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02851
Sairaj Chandrakant Patil, Saiyed Tasnim Md Fahim, Jay H. Lee, Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz
{"title":"Electrothermal Carbon Capture and Utilization─A Review","authors":"Sairaj Chandrakant Patil, Saiyed Tasnim Md Fahim, Jay H. Lee, Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02851","url":null,"abstract":"The rising carbon footprint has made it crucial to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by adopting carbon capture and utilization processes using solid sorbents. However, traditional techniques face challenges for large-scale deployment because of high energy and oversized separation unit requirements. Electrothermal swing adsorption uses conductive sorbent materials or conductive heating elements (electrodes) coupled to sorbents to induce CO<sub>2</sub> desorption through electrical currents. The electrothermal approach offers energy efficiency and modularity to enhance the economic feasibility and scalability of carbon capture processes. This review examines various materials, including sorbents, heterogeneous catalysts, electrodes, and laboratory-scale advancements through fixed bed reactors for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and parallel wire or open foam systems for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. The review offers insights into material selection strategies, emphasizing considerations such as porosity, catalyst stability, and cost-effectiveness. Finally, the review highlights the importance of an integrated electrothermal CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization strategy and future research areas to advance the development of this crucial technology.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Voltage Electrolyte and Interface Design for Mid-Nickel High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02860
Yen Hai Thi Tran, Kihun An, Dung Tien Tuan Vu, Seung-Wan Song
{"title":"High-Voltage Electrolyte and Interface Design for Mid-Nickel High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yen Hai Thi Tran, Kihun An, Dung Tien Tuan Vu, Seung-Wan Song","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02860","url":null,"abstract":"Elevating the charge cutoff voltage of mid-nickel (mid-Ni) LiNi<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>y</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>z</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM; <i>x</i> = 0.5–0.6) Li-ion batteries (LIBs) beyond the traditional 4.2 V generates capacities comparable to those of high-Ni NCMs along with more stable performance and improved safety. Considering the critical issues associated with residual lithium on high-Ni NCMs regarding greatly increased cost, deteriorated cycle life, and safety hazards, mid-Ni is recognized as a more reliable cathode to meet the urgent needs for cost reduction and safety enhancement pursued by LIB and electric vehicle manufacturers. To enable high-voltage mid-Ni LIBs, high anodic stability of electrolyte and cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) are essential. Utilization of additives is a cost-effective strategy, and recent trends include the exploration of high-voltage solvents for better working electrolytes. This Perspective aims to highlight and discuss the key compounds that are usable as additives and/or solvents in high-voltage electrolytes at standard salt concentrations, specifically for mid-Ni LIBs, which are less flammable and form an inorganics-enriched robust CEI, and to provide insights into their function and applicability to improve the energy density, overall performance, and safety for next-phase LIBs.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unraveling the Ion-Accumulation-Induced Potential Limitations of MXene-Based Supercapacitors 揭示基于 MXene 的超级电容器因离子聚集而产生的电位限制
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03296
Yanting Xie, Haitao Zhang, Yuanxiao Qu, Xinglin Jiang, Junfeng Huang, Xiong Zhang, Yuyu Gao, Liang Tang, Qiang Lv, Xingxing Jiao, Weiqing Yang, Zhengyou He
{"title":"Unraveling the Ion-Accumulation-Induced Potential Limitations of MXene-Based Supercapacitors","authors":"Yanting Xie, Haitao Zhang, Yuanxiao Qu, Xinglin Jiang, Junfeng Huang, Xiong Zhang, Yuyu Gao, Liang Tang, Qiang Lv, Xingxing Jiao, Weiqing Yang, Zhengyou He","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03296","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes are rising star materials for electrochemical energy storage, but their low potential window severely constrains their high-energy-density potential. When subjected to a high potential window, MXenes undergo an irreversible oxidative failure. However, the mechanisms behind this failure are not well understood. Here, we disclose a previously unreported ion-accumulation mechanism that limits the high operating potential of MXenes. Under excessive polarization at high potential, the representative MXene, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>, shows oxidation behavior but a reversible electrochemical response. Spectroscopic analyses and electrochemical kinetic field simulations disclose the conformational state variation, ion flux distribution, and vertical displacement behavior of MXene electrodes, confirming that electrolyte ions predominantly accumulate at the edges of overly thick stacked MXenes, with only a limited number shuttling freely into the interior. To address this potential-limiting ion-accumulation mechanism, we develop a transferring–engraving method to build free ion-shuttling ultrathin MXenes that guarantees a 100% increase in the potential window and a high volumetric energy density of 45.7 mWh cm<sup>–3</sup>.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomimetic Inorganic–Organic Protective Layer for Highly Stable and Reversible Zn Anodes 用于高稳定性和可逆性锌阳极的仿生无机有机保护层
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03005
Chengwu Yang, Pattaraporn Woottapanit, Sining Geng, Rungroj Chanajaree, Kittima Lolupiman, Wanwisa Limphirat, Xinyu Zhang, Jiaqian Qin
{"title":"Biomimetic Inorganic–Organic Protective Layer for Highly Stable and Reversible Zn Anodes","authors":"Chengwu Yang, Pattaraporn Woottapanit, Sining Geng, Rungroj Chanajaree, Kittima Lolupiman, Wanwisa Limphirat, Xinyu Zhang, Jiaqian Qin","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03005","url":null,"abstract":"Uncontrollable dendrite growth and severe parasitic side reactions on Zn electrodes pose formidable challenges for the application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Herein, we engineered a biomimetic inorganic–organic protective layer composed of alginic acid and lithium magnesium silicate to enhance the stability and reversibility of the Zn electrode. This protective layer not only diminishes free water concentration near Zn surface but also creates negatively charged ion microchannels to transport Zn ions and modulate the solvation structure. Moreover, a robust Mg-SiO<sub>2</sub> interphase with high Young’s modulus and strong zincophilicity can be formed between the Zn electrode and the protective layer, facilitating uniform Zn deposition along Zn(002) planes. Consequently, this protective layer allows the Zn electrodes to achieve impressive cycling lifespan of 5500 h at 1 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>/1 mAh cm<sup>–2</sup> with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% and delivers a remarkable cyclability of up to 8000 cycles in Zn||V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> full cells.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spiro-OMeTAD: Unique Redox Chemistry Driving The Hole Transport 斯派罗-OMeTAD:独特的氧化还原化学驱动孔传输
IF 22 1区 材料科学
ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03121
Gábor Szabó, Prashant V. Kamat
{"title":"Spiro-OMeTAD: Unique Redox Chemistry Driving The Hole Transport","authors":"Gábor Szabó, Prashant V. Kamat","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03121","url":null,"abstract":"Spiro-OMeTAD, an organic hole transport layer, has made its impact in designing efficient solar cells and light emitting devices. The four oxidation states, which maintain a redox equilibrium, facilitate the propagation of photogenerated holes to the collecting electrode. Spectroelectrochemical measurements characterized at oxidation potentials of 0.01, 0.13, 0.33, and 0.96 V vs Fc/Fc<sup>+</sup> exhibit characteristic absorption at 525, 700, 900, and 565 nm, respectively. Titration of spiro-OMeTAD in solution with Ag<sup>+</sup> induced sequential oxidation and independently confirmed the spectral identification of the oxidation states. Higher oxidation states (viz: +3 and +4) quickly revert to lower oxidation states (viz., +1 and +2), thus showing the reversibility of oxidation to attain a redox equilibrium. The hole transport attained through the cascade of oxidation states provide new insights into the operation of solar cells.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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