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Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of 3-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-Imidazol-2-yl)-1H-Indole Derivatives 3-(4,5-二苯基- 1h -咪唑-2-基)- 1h -吲哚衍生物的合成、抗菌及抑菌活性研究
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59004
N. Nirwan, C. Pareek, A. Chohadia, K. Verma
{"title":"Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of 3-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-Imidazol-2-yl)-1H-Indole Derivatives","authors":"N. Nirwan, C. Pareek, A. Chohadia, K. Verma","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.59004","url":null,"abstract":"Indolylimidazole ring-containing natural and synthesized compounds have shown vast biological activities. These indolylimidazole compounds contain both indole and imidazole rings. The indolylimidazole structure resembling compounds 1a-1d and 2a-2d were synthesized by a green and efficient one-pot four components condensation of indole-3-carbaldehyde, benzil, ammonium-acetate, and substituted amines under microwave irradiation using Amberlyst A-15 as a recyclable catalyst. The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectrometric studies. These compounds' antibacterial and antifungal activities were screened and compared with the standard drug. The compound 1c was found to be the most active derivative in these compounds, with a minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 09.9 to 12.5 μg/mL. Compound 1d also showed potent activity against Candida albicans. The sensitivity order of compounds was found 1a<1b<1c>1d against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli and 1a<1b<1c<1d for C. albicans. Compound 2a showed good antimicrobial activity against E. coli and C. albicans.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81722374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transforming Conventional Switching Systems to Cost-Effective, Adaptable, Energy-Efficient Smart Switching Systems 将传统交换系统转变为具有成本效益、适应性强、节能的智能交换系统
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60070
Ritu Mishra, T. Gupta, A. Patel, R. Kumar, I. Kaur, V. Batra
{"title":"Transforming Conventional Switching Systems to Cost-Effective, Adaptable, Energy-Efficient Smart Switching Systems","authors":"Ritu Mishra, T. Gupta, A. Patel, R. Kumar, I. Kaur, V. Batra","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.60070","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing energy consumption in the household and commercial sectors is a major global concern. Our objective is to develop a low-cost automation solution that will help improve adoption and reduce energy consumption. Proposed system has functionality that will help typical Indian households reduce electricity consumption in areas of infrequent usage such as stairs, and parking areas where manual switching of the electricity is difficult. In our proposed model, a manual switching system is replaced with a low-cost and adaptable smart automated switching system. Our design is based on the Passive/Pyroelectric Infrared Rays (PIR) motion-sensing mechanism where motion is used as a trigger to turn on/off electrical appliances. Detailed comparative analysis of daily energy usage of traditional switching with intelligent switching showed reduced electricity consumption by 33 %. Lower cost of equipment will increase the adoption of automated systems, leading to a reduction in electricity consumption. Further, a drop in energy consumption means reduced energy costs and less burden on the grid which leads to a clean environment.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86472490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrochemical Activity of Pure and Sn-Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles using Simple Chemical Precipitation Method 用简单化学沉淀法研究纯和掺锡CeO2纳米颗粒的电化学活性
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v15i1.56206
K. Anandalakshmi, P. Venkatachalam, J. Venugobal
{"title":"Electrochemical Activity of Pure and Sn-Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles using Simple Chemical Precipitation Method","authors":"K. Anandalakshmi, P. Venkatachalam, J. Venugobal","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v15i1.56206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v15i1.56206","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, pure and Sn-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method calcined at 400 ºC for 4 h. Characterization of NPs was done through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible, photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscope (HRTEM) techniques. The XRD study revealed the crystalline nature, size, and structure of the prepared NPs. The HRTEM results illustrated cubic structure. The UV–visible and PL studies were used to measure the optical behaviors of CeO2 NPs. The UV-visible showed that the bandgap value of CeO2 NPs increased from 3.61 to 3.65 eV for different doping concentrations. The XRD study exhibited that the size of the CeO2 NPs reduced from 11.03 to 7.91 nm. From the TEM analysis, the average size of undoped and 10% Sn-doped CeO2 NPs was calculated as 9.3 and 7 nm, respectively. A cyclic voltammetric study confirmed that Sn-doped CeO2 exhibited a higher specific capacitance value than the pure CeO2. The chemical precipitation method observed excellent redox and oxidation behavior were observed for Sn-CeO2 NPs by the cyclic voltammetric study. The significant enhancement in the specific capacitance suggested that Sn-doped CeO2 is a promising material for supercapacitor applications.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81259007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Zn-doped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles on Structural and Optical Properties 掺杂锌的氧化锰纳米颗粒对结构和光学性质的影响
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58542
V. Yadav, R. Shukla, K. Sharma
{"title":"Impact of Zn-doped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles on Structural and Optical Properties","authors":"V. Yadav, R. Shukla, K. Sharma","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58542","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the structural and optical properties of pure and zinc-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method have been studied for doping concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 %. The XRD patterns reveal that the cubic phase of pure manganese oxide nanoparticles is changed to tetragonal on doping with Zn. The surface morphology of pure and Zn doped manganese oxide nanoparticles has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which reveals appreciable changes in size and shape of the nanoparticles as the doping level of Zn is increased. The optical properties studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy further reveal that the energy band gap increases with a decrease in the size of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72946695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Quantum Dialogue Protocols: A Review 量子对话协议:综述
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.53280
S. Chauhan, G. Ahmed, N. Gupta
{"title":"Quantum Dialogue Protocols: A Review","authors":"S. Chauhan, G. Ahmed, N. Gupta","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.53280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.53280","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, quantum cryptography (QC) has received much attention in academic and commercial fields. It has proved to be a promising technology for ensuring the security of future data transmission. In this paper, we review the development of a remarkable area of quantum cryptography, i.e., Quantum dialogue (QD), which is currently in the theoretical stage but is of great interest to academics. We will discuss the quantum dialogue protocols in two categories, single photon-based protocols, and entanglement-based protocols, depending on the quantum resource employed. Finally, experimental implementation, comparison and analysis, security and practical feasibility, and future work for the above-mentioned branch will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74245389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unbiased Modified Two-Parameter Estimator for the Linear Regression Model 线性回归模型的无偏修正双参数估计
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58234
A. O. Abidoye, I. M. Ajayi, F. L. Adewale, J. O. Ogunjobi
{"title":"Unbiased Modified Two-Parameter Estimator for the Linear Regression Model","authors":"A. O. Abidoye, I. M. Ajayi, F. L. Adewale, J. O. Ogunjobi","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58234","url":null,"abstract":"This study centers on estimating parameters in a linear regression model in the presence of multicollinearity. Multicollinearity poses a threat to the efficiency of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator. Some alternative estimators have been developed as remedial measures to the earlier mentioned problem. This study introduces a new unbiased modified two-parameter estimator based on prior information. Its properties are also considered; the new estimator was compared with other estimators’ Mean Square Error (MSE). A numerical example and Monte Carlo simulation were used to illustrate the performance of the new estimator.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79950639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ranking Fuzzy Numbers with Mean Value of Points and Comparative Reviews 模糊数均值排序与比较评价
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58133
S. Prasad, A. Sinha
{"title":"Ranking Fuzzy Numbers with Mean Value of Points and Comparative Reviews","authors":"S. Prasad, A. Sinha","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58133","url":null,"abstract":"Even though various ranking fuzzy numbers approaches have been presented so far, none of them can always provide satisfactory results in every situation. Some are counterintuitive, and some are inconsistent for the same circumstances. To overcome the issues mentioned above, we present a new technique for ranking fuzzy numbers using the mean value of the two points. The points are taken on the left and the right membership functions (reference functions) such that they divide the respective membership function in the same ratio . The proposed technique determines the order of the fuzzy numbers significantly. To use this technique, the membership functions need not be normal and linear.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80215760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does the Solution to the Non-linear Diophantine Equation 3x+35y=Z2 Exist? 非线性丢番图方程3x+35y=Z2的解存在吗?
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58535
D. Biswas
{"title":"Does the Solution to the Non-linear Diophantine Equation 3x+35y=Z2 Exist?","authors":"D. Biswas","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the solutions (if any) of the Diophantine equation 3x + 35y = Z2, where  , x, y, and z are whole numbers. Diophantine equations are drawing the attention of researchers in diversified fields over the years. These are equations that have more unknowns than a number of equations. Diophantine equations are found in cryptography, chemistry, trigonometry, astronomy, and abstract algebra. The absence of any generalized method by which each Diophantine equation can be solved is a challenge for researchers. In the present communication, it is found with the help of congruence theory and Catalan’s conjecture that the Diophantine equation 3x + 35y = Z2 has only two solutions of  (x, y, z) as  (1, 0, 2) and (0, 1, 6) in non-negative integers.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Unified Approach to the Sandor-Smarandache Function Sandor-Smarandache函数的统一方法
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.56205
S. Islam, A. K. Z. Ahmed, H. Gunarto, A. Majumdar
{"title":"A Unified Approach to the Sandor-Smarandache Function","authors":"S. Islam, A. K. Z. Ahmed, H. Gunarto, A. Majumdar","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.56205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.56205","url":null,"abstract":"The Sandor-Smarandache function, SS(n), is a recently introduced Smarandache-type arithmetic function, which involves binomial coefficients. It is known that SS(n) does not possess many of the common properties of the classical arithmetic functions of the theory of numbers. Sandor gave the expression of SS(n) when n ( ³ 3) is an odd integer. It is found that SS(n) has a simple form when n is even and not divisible by 3. In the previous papers, some closed-form expressions of SS(n) have been derived for some particular cases of n. This paper continues to find more forms of SS(n), starting from the function SS(24m). Particular attention is given to finding necessary and sufficient conditions such that SS(n) = n–5 and SS(n) = n–6. Based on the properties of SS(n), some interesting Diophantine equations have been studied. The study reveals that the form of SS(n) depends on the prime factors of the integer n in the natural order of the primes.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77250337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laminar Forced Convection MHD Couette-Poiseuille Flow with Viscous and Joule Dissipations 具有粘性和焦耳耗散的层流强迫对流MHD库埃-泊泽维尔流
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58945
B. C. Sarkar
{"title":"Laminar Forced Convection MHD Couette-Poiseuille Flow with Viscous and Joule Dissipations","authors":"B. C. Sarkar","doi":"10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i3.58945","url":null,"abstract":"The laminar forced convection MHD Couette-Poiseuille flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with the viscous and Joule dissipations has been studied.  Two different orientations of the wall thermal boundary-conditions have been considered, namely: the constant heat-flux at the upper moving plate with the adiabatic stationary lower plate and the constant heat flux at the stationary lower plate with an adiabatic moving upper plate. The governing equations are solved analytically. It is observed that the fluid velocity increases near the stationary plate and it decreases near the moving plate with an increase in magnetic parameter. The temperature field is significantly affected by the modified Brinkman number. The fluid temperature increases when the lower plate is adiabatic and the upper plate is at positive constant heat flux while it decreases in case the lower plate is at negative constant heat flux and the upper plate is adiabatic with an increase in modified Brinkman number for the combined effects of viscous and Joule dissipations. Further, the fluid temperature decreases for positive heat flux case while it increases for negative heat flux case with an increase in either magnetic parameter or velocity parameter when the combined effects of viscous and Joule dissipations are taken into account.","PeriodicalId":16984,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76096757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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