{"title":"A correlation-symbolic approach to automatic remotely sensed image rectification","authors":"A. Martinez, J. García-Consuegra, F. Abad","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773490","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing techniques applied to non-supervised geometric image rectification have to deal with two main issues: control point extraction using matching algorithms and pixel position rectification using the geometric transformation obtained from those control points. This paper describes a rectification routine supporting very large scenes and the absence of distinctive features in the image. In a first stage, multi-resolution and a region-based algorithm are applied, obtaining an initial registration. In the second stage, a correlation method is used to refine the solution, detecting local distortions and using the final set of control points in the geometric correction process.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124489271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Serke, A. Gasiewski, M. Klein, V. Leuskiy, J. Piepmeier, I. Corbella
{"title":"Processing and initial comparison of PSR data from CAMEX-3 to SSM/I and TMI data","authors":"D. Serke, A. Gasiewski, M. Klein, V. Leuskiy, J. Piepmeier, I. Corbella","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773460","url":null,"abstract":"A multiband Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) was integrated on a NASA DC-8 aircraft and flown from August through September of 1998 during the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3). The PSR is a new conically-scanning imaging radiometer with channels at 10.7, 18.7, 21.5, 37.0 and 89.0 GHz, including both vertical and horizontal polarizations at each of these frequencies. These channels correspond to several key sensing bands of the DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and the NASA TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager). The PSR was developed by Georgia Institute of Technology and the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory and is the first airborne imaging radiometer to provide a research quality dataset of high spatial resolution multiband polarimetric microwave imagery within and around a hurricane. The authors describe the processing and calibration of the PSR CAMEX-3 dataset. They also provide a qualitative analysis and comparison of the PSR imagery to the SSM/I and TMI with specific regard to the spatial structure of a hurricane eyewall and surrounding rainbands.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124165053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soil erosion estimation by dual-polarization radar remote sensing","authors":"G. Kulemin","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774461","url":null,"abstract":"A possibility of soil erosion estimation is considered. It is shown that the use of multifrequency and dual-polarization radar methods permits to estimate the rms values of roughness and spatial correlation radius of soil. It is demonstrated that a fractal approximation of surface spatial spectra enables one to obtain the most accurate estimations of soil surface parameters. Experimental results at wavelengths of 3.0 and 0.8 cm are presented as well showing the possibility of dual polarization data processing for soil erosion degree determination.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"k-means classification filter for speckle removal in radar images","authors":"Honglei Chen, D. Kasilingam","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774592","url":null,"abstract":"A new adaptive speckle removal filter for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on a k-means classifier is presented. This filter is able to identify different regions in an image by classifying the image into classes. Speckle is removed by averaging only within a class. This eliminates the effect of smoothing over edges. The filter is shown to preserve edges better than local statistics filters. Performance studies with simulated images of known speckle distributions show that the k-means filter outperforms most existing adaptive speckle removal filters. Simulated images are used to quantify the performance of the filter for single-look and multi-look images. A threshold parameter is defined for 1-look, 4-look and 10-look images. Optimum filter parameters are identified for different image contrasts and speckle noise levels. The filter is also used with real SAR images. The filter is shown to preserve the contrast between different regions while smoothing out the speckle within a region.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increase of information by polarimetric remote sensing","authors":"H. Rudolf, A. Sieber","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775010","url":null,"abstract":"Polarimetric systems promise to be a valid method of providing more information for radar remote sensing. The gain by using polarimetry with respect to a single polarisation system, is reduced due to correlations between the single channels and due to noise. This reduction of performance is subject of this paper. Unlike in communication theory, the information content of radar data is not any more only a function of the signal to noise ratio and signal to depolarisation ratio, but it depends also on the correlations between the single channels, hence the capacity depends on the observed targets. This information content allows a definition of the maximum number of distinguishable classes in the given data. The usefulness of this approach to divide between data and information is shown with an examples. Its validity is demonstrated with double band full polarimetric SIR-C data.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SCIAMACHY: an atmospheric chemistry instrument on ENVISAT","authors":"A. Goede, H. Schrijver","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772035","url":null,"abstract":"SCIAMACHY is an advanced spectrometer covering a wide spectral range (240 nm to 2400 nm) at medium resolution (0.2 to 1.4 nm) that measures a large number of atmospheric trace gases relevant for ozone chemistry and greenhouse radiation studies. SCIAMACHY will be part of the ESA ENVISAT atmospheric chemistry module scheduled for launch at the end of the year 2000. SCIAMACHY will observe the Earth atmosphere in alternate limb/nadir view, sampling the same air volume with approx 3 km vertical and 30/spl times/60 km/sup 2/ horizontal resolution. This paper presents a brief account of the instrument concept, its operation modes and its retrieved data products. Some recent instrument test results and retrieved data accuracy simulations are presented.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126356947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The potential of chlorophyll fluorescence for the space-borne retrieval of phytoplankton in European coastal and open ocean waters","authors":"F. Fell, M. Babin, M. Ferrari, G. Obolensky","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775040","url":null,"abstract":"During a number of oceanographic campaigns performed in 1997 and 1998 in different European waters, measurements of the in-water light field and chemical analyses on simultaneously collected water samples were combined to derive local algorithms relating the Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to the concentration of chlorophyll-a.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126201795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast multipole method for scattering from an arbitrary perfectly conducting target above or below a lossy half space","authors":"N. Geng, A. Sullivan, L. Carin","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772109","url":null,"abstract":"The fast multipole method (FMM) was originally developed for perfectly electric conducting (PEC) targets in free space. Here, the FMM is extended to the scattering from a PEC target above or below a lossy half space. The \"near\" terms are handled via a method-of-moments (MoM) analysis, wherein the half-space Green's function is evaluated through application of the method of complex images. The \"far\" interactions utilize an approximation to the Green's function dyadic. The algorithm is validated through comparison with rigorous MoM results.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126501125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-parametric representation of the electromagnetic bias in radar altimetry","authors":"J.D. Smith, D. Arnold","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772004","url":null,"abstract":"Most previous analyses of the electromagnetic bias have modeled the bias as parametric function of the wave height and wind speed. Recent studies using indirect electromagnetic bias estimates from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter support that the bias is modeled better with a non-parametric (NP) representation. This method essentially consists of estimating the bias for each wave height and wind speed point on a two-dimensional grid and using statistical smoothing methods to generate a bias estimate contour. The authors have applied different nonparametric analysis methods to the six months of direct electromagnetic bias measurements collected from an oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico during 1990 [Arnold et al. 1995]. The differences and similarities between the oil platform measurements and the satellite estimates are shown. This study is in support of the upcoming mission of the NASA/CNES Jason-1 altimeter.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128156614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A microwave scattering model for an electrically dense vegetation medium","authors":"H. Ewe, H. Chuah","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.771532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.771532","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that radar response from a vegetation medium can be studied theoretically by modeling the medium as a discrete random medium with scatterers such as disks, needles and cylinders. However, at the low frequency end of the microwave region, the spacing between the scatterers may be comparable or smaller than the wavelength and the medium is considered as electrically dense. This means that the coherence effect of the scatterers should be considered as scattering from each scatterer is no longer independent from each other. In addition, when the dimensions of the scatterers (such as radius of deciduous leaves and length of branches) are comparable to the spacing between the scatterers and the wavelength, near field interaction needs to be considered. These effects are incorporated by introducing two types of correction to the phase matrix of the scatterers, namely amplitude and phase corrections. The amplitude correction is obtained from the near field amplitude term of the scattered field. The phase correction consists of two components: the Fresnel phase term and the array phase term. The Fresnel phase correction term comes from the higher order terms in the phase of the scattered field from a scatterer. The array phase correction term takes into account the phase contributions by various correlated scatterers. The corrected phase matrices for disks, needles and branches are then used in the radiative transfer formulation where second order iterative solutions are solved. Theoretical results show that the array phase correction is important for electrically dense medium. When the frequency increases and enters into the Fresnel region, the amplitude and Fresnel phase corrections are required.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125911682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}