IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)最新文献

{"title":"A fiber-optic-based 1550-nm laser radar altimeter with RF pulse compression","authors":"C. Allen, S. Gogineni","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772080","url":null,"abstract":"The authors are developing a laser radar (lidar) altimeter that uses commercial off-the-shelf fiber-optic components and traditional RF and digital signal processing techniques to achieve fine-range accuracy despite a low transmit peak power. A 1550-nm operating wavelength was selected so that available erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) could be used to provide optical gain. The transmitted signal, an amplified, gated CW optical carrier intensity modulated with a linear-FM (chirp) RF signal, is launched into free-space via a fiber-optic collimator. An optical telescope serves as the receive aperture and couples the backscattered signal into a single-mode optical fiber prior to photodetection. The RF signal is then de-chirped and digitized for subsequent digital signal processing. Significant signal processing gains are achieved through coherent integration and pulse compression (FFT), resulting in fine-range accuracy. The authors have also performed preliminary design simulations for their pulse-compression laser radar for a spaceborne altimeter application and have compared its performance with that of the ICESAT (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) lidar. Their simulations show that a pulse-compression laser radar with an operating wavelength around 1310 nm, 1 W of peak power, 5 GHz of transmitter bandwidth and a PRF of 4 kHz could provide 200 elevation samples per second with an accuracy comparable to that of the GLAS lidar, which transmits 15 MW peak power with a 40-Hz PRF and obtains 40 elevation samples per second. The five-fold increase in elevation sample rate could then be used to provide elevation measurements across a swath, increasing the elevation mapping rate of the polar ice sheets. Notable advances demonstrated in this proof-of-concept system include the ability to trade signal bandwidth for transmitter power in a laser radar while achieving a constant range accuracy, and the joining of modern radar processing techniques with fiber-optic technology in a laser radar. This is the first stage of a program to develop a near-infrared laser altimeter for spaceborne polar region monitoring.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval of DEM from SIR-C data in Kunlun Mountain, West China","authors":"Wang Chao, Zhang Hong, Pan Guangdong, Yang Qingyou","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774629","url":null,"abstract":"Data from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) can provide three dimensional information of Earth surface by using the phase information. The authors present the processing results of SIR-C L-band data. The test site is Karakax, Xinjiang, China, which is very interesting from the seismic and geological point of view. An interactive INSAR data processor is developed for producing the topographic maps. First, the INSAR complex images are coregistered with the sub-pixel precision, the resulting interferogram is unwrapped by weighted least-squares algorithm. Ground control points are selected to estimate the INSAR parameters using least-squares algorithm, the topographic heights are derived from unwrapped phase with baseline parameters. Finally geocoding is applied to derived heights and SAR images. The rooted mean square error of the DEM is 16.14 meters.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128228045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully automatic geo-coding of CARABAS-II VHF SAR images","authors":"F. Walter, J. Fransson, P. Frolind","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773568","url":null,"abstract":"Fully automatic geo-coding algorithms for CARABAS-II VHF SAR images have been developed. By using recorded flight parameters and a coarse scale (50/spl times/50 m) digital elevation model (DEM), complex CARABAS-II slant range images were gee-coded to a local orthogonal map projection and vice versa. The aims of this paper are to describe the algorithms and to evaluate the geometric accuracy obtained. The SAR image processing was performed with a global back projection technique in order to minimise any geometrical distortions. The analysed images were processed by focusing to a nominal reference height close to an average altitude over the area of interest. With the assumption that the actual flight path is close to a straight line, the errors introduced by the approximate focusing can be negligible during normal flight conditions. The evaluation of the geo-coding accuracy was performed by measuring the displacement between curved line segments extracted from a map and corresponding visually detected segments in the CARABAS images. To avoid bias in measurements for images within single flight paths, two sets of images from different flight paths were used for the evaluation. The result shows that the image processing and the geo-coding algorithms have been successfully implemented. The mean displacements for the investigated forest stand borders, lake borders, and main stream border were found to be 3.4, 2.6, and 9.3 m respectively. This implies that the recorded flight parameters are reliable and that the system performance is stable. Hence, the algorithms can be used in both research studies and real world applications.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129020966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the phase gradient autofocus algorithm for low-altitude stripmap mode SAR","authors":"D.G. Thompson, J.S. Bates, D. Arnold, D. Long","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773566","url":null,"abstract":"The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm has been widely used in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to remove motion-induced blurs in the images. The PGA algorithm has been proven to be a superior autofocus method. This algorithm is extended for application to low-altitude stripmap mode SAR. Standard PGA algorithms are formulated only for spotlight-mode SAR. We describe a new algorithm which allows PGA to be applied to stripmap-mode SAR. Three SAR images with different characteristics are used in demonstrating this algorithm.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"19 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129064194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood damage mapping in North Korea using JERS-1 DATA","authors":"Choen Kim","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774469","url":null,"abstract":"Flood damage detection parameters were extracted from JERS-I OPS/SAR data over the North Korea flooded area. The NDVI values derived from JERS-1 OPS data were applied on the 3-second grid DEMs, by the coverage of which the damage area could be easily identified, depending on elevation intervals. The classified images derived from JERS-1 OPS data were analyzed in conjunction with digital elevation data and JERS-1 SAR data to yield vegetation cover type differentiation. In comparison with traditional change detection methods, flood damage coverage can be more easily produced by data fusion techniques in this paper.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130532645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloud scene accuracy by radiance and flux measurements from GERB and SEVIRI","authors":"O. Sievers, R. Stuhlmann","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774454","url":null,"abstract":"The first Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite with an Earth radiation budget instrument (GERB) and a multi-channel instrument (SEVIRI) aboard is planned to be launched in late 2000. MSG will be the first satellite carrying both a multichannel narrowband and a broadband instrument in a geostationary orbit which allows a high temporal resolution. Every 15 minutes a complete dataset of total and solar spectral band and 12 narrowbands is obtained for the whole area visible from geostationary orbit. This unique opportunity will allow to investigate the diurnal cycle of the Earth radiation budget and its dependence on different atmospheric scenes. In this pre-launch study, measurements are simulated with a radiation transfer model (STREAMER). Vertical profiles of radiation divergence are derived from these simulated measurements of both MSG instruments, in synergy with other, polar orbiting satellites. The main focus is on cloud and radiation interaction.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123539869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance metrics for SAR speckle-suppression filters","authors":"H. Xie, F. Ulaby, L. Pierce, M. Dobson","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.772012","url":null,"abstract":"Because speckle complicates the application of automatic image classification algorithms, several adaptive filters have been proposed for suppressing the speckle while simultaneously preserving the true underlying reflectivity structure of the image. This paper proposes a new set of tools and metrics for evaluating the performance of such filters, and by way of illustration, they are applied to the refined filter introduced by Lee and to the edge-preserving filter introduced by Hagg and Sties.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of mesoscale variability of oceanic surface wind fields: contribution of active microwave sensors","authors":"J. Tournadre","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.775004","url":null,"abstract":"The low spatial resolution of conventional observational networks over the ocean have restricted most field investigations to either consideration of large scale (greater than 2000 km) or very small scale (less than 10 km) wind and sea-state variability. However, the energy contained in intermediate scales has been recognized to play an important role in the dynamics of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric forcing of the ocean and in air-sea interaction processes. These intermediate scales can not be resolved by most measuring techniques. In recent years, the use of satellite data from sensors such as scatterometers and radar altimeters has lead to improvements in our knowledge of these intermediate scales. Wind vectors measured by the ERS-1 satellite Scatterometer (SCATT) and wind speed measurements from radar altimeters are analyzed to determine the spatial mesoscale structure of oceanic surface winds over wavelength from /spl sim/10 to 2000 km. The results of these analyses are compared to the two-dimensional isotropic turbulence.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel programming in SAR imaging processing","authors":"Xu Jiang, Z. Minhui, Wu Yirong, Peng Hai-liang","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773567","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging processing is a complex operation that requires a large amount of floating point computations. It is very time-consuming to convert SAR raw data into imagery on microcomputers. The authors have successively developed SAR processors using two kinds of computers-JN3AR of distributed memory multiprocessor architecture (made in China), and SGI Origin 200 of scalable shared memory multiprocessor architecture. The SAR imaging efficiency has been greatly improved.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114858945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of temporal multispectral data to assess change in rural ecosystems","authors":"V.W. Gaines, A. Fahsi, A. Manu, T. Coleman, W. Tadesse","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1999.774479","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological land classification systems that are supported by digital satellite and terrain data are being used by an increasing number of natural resource managers and urban developers. This increased use of digital data may be attributed to the increased spectral and spatial resolution of remotely sensed imagery, accuracy of digital terrain models, more robust geographic information systems (GIS), and the availability of sophisticated algorithms to analyze these data. Historical satellite data sensed over the Madison County, Alabama, metropolitan area were used to assess the impact of urban expansion on rural ecosystems over the past twenty years. Ecological land classification thematic maps were generated using Landsat satellite multispectral data acquired in June 1977 and August 1997. The results show that the expansion of urban communities has resulted in a significant decline in agricultural and forest areas and an increase in industrial, commercial, and recreational areas.","PeriodicalId":169541,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}