Journal of refractive surgery最新文献

{"title":"Optical Performance of a Novel Non-diffractive Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lens as a Function of Defocus and Pupil Size.","authors":"Federico Tommasi, Alessio Giorgetti, Massimo Gurioli, Laura Mariñas-Garcia, Stefano Cavalieri, Javier Ruiz-Alcocer","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260511-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20260511-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the optical performance of a novel non-diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and compare it with established trifocal, extended depth of focus (EDOF), and standard monofocal designs under different pupil apertures and defocus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four IOL models were analyzed using a PMTF optical bench (LAMDA-X Ophthalmics): AcrySof IQ (monofocal control; Alcon Laboratories, Inc), Clareon PanOptix (trifocal; Alcon Labratories, Inc), TECNIS PureSee (EDOF; Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision), and the novel RayOne Galaxy (Rayner Intraocular Lenses, Ltd). Through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) and point spread function (PSF) were measured across four apertures (2, 3, 3.75, and 4.5 mm). A United States Air Force target was used to assess image reproduction. Halo intensity was quantified by analysis of the PSF tail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PanOptix IOL showed three consistent foci across all apertures. The PureSee IOL exhibited high optical quality at distance and extended performance toward intermediate vergences up to 1.75 D as pupil size decreased. The Galaxy IOL demonstrated high optical quality at far focus with large pupils, comparable to the EDOF lens. With smaller pupils, a myopic shift of the main peak (≈0.75 D) enhanced intermediate and near performance. Both the Galaxy and PureSee lenses produced similar halo profiles, with lower intensity than the PanOptix IOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Galaxy IOL exhibits pupil-dependent optical performance, shifting from optimal distance vision with large pupils to improved intermediate and near vision at smaller apertures. The Galaxy and PureSee IOLs induce comparable halo levels, higher than those of monofocal IOLs but lower than those associated with the PanOptix IOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 7","pages":"e701-e709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the KS Formula Version 5 for Predicting Vault After Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation.","authors":"Shuntaro Tsunehiro, Kimiya Shimizu, Misae Ito, Aya Saito","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260504-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20260504-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and validate the KS formula Version 5 for predicting vault after Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical) implantation using a large clinical dataset and additional biometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 2,343 eyes of 1,275 patients who underwent ICL implantation between September 2020 and September 2023. Preoperative anterior segment parameters-including aqueous depth, angle-to-angle distance (ATA) measurements, crystalline lens rise, and lens thickness (LT)-were obtained using the CASIA2 swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The KS formula Version 4 was first re-optimized using the current dataset. The addition of LT, the construction of size-specific regression equations, and the incorporation of horizontal and vertical ATA were each evaluated independently to determine their contributions to prediction accuracy. These components were then integrated to develop the KS formula Version 5. Predictive accuracy was evaluated using median absolute error (MedAE), and reproducibility was assessed with a 10-iteration holdout validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized KS formula Version 4 achieved a MedAE of 0.0938 mm. Adding LT improved MedAE to 0.0908 mm (<i>P</i> < .001); size-specific regression to 0.0925 mm (<i>P</i> = .0074); and incorporating horizontal and vertical ATA to 0.0932 mm (<i>P</i> = .0376). The final KS formula Version 5 achieved a MedAE of 0.0856 mm, significantly better than the optimized Version 4 (<i>P</i> < .001), and outperformed it in all 10 validation iterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The KS formula Version 5 is more accurate than the previous version and improves the reproducibility of vault prediction, facilitating its integration into routine clinical practice using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 7","pages":"e644-e651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for \"Comparison of Effective Optical Zone, Lenticule Decentration, and Corneal Aberrations Following Klex Extraction Between the Visumax 800 and Visumax 500\".","authors":"","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260616-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260616-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 7","pages":"e747-e748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery With Custom-Made Toric IOLs for the Correction of High Corneal Astigmatism.","authors":"Olga Reitblat, Judith Kramarz Dadon, Amit Lejtman, Rita Zlatkin, Michal Cahn, Susan Xia, Irit Bahar, Ruti Sella","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260505-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20260505-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the refractive results of cataract surgery in patients with high corneal astigmatism treated with implantation of custom-made toric intraocular lenses (IOLs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort analysis of eyes implanted with high-cylinder (≥6.75 diopters [D]) custom-made toric IOLs was conducted at Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. A control group of eyes implanted with standard toric IOLs (1.50 to 3.75 D) was also included. Postoperative IOL misalignment, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), residual refractive astigmatism (RA), and the prediction error (PE) of the toric IOL calculation using the Barrett Toric Calculator were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients were included. The mean ± standard deviation toric power was 9.67 ± 3.51 D (range: 6.75 to 19.00 D). Diagnoses included pellucid marginal degeneration (n = 7), keratoconus (n = 4), post-keratoplasty astigmatism (n = 3), and previous pterygium excision (n = 2). The mean postoperative UDVA was 0.28 ± 0.19 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen: 20/38). Mean absolute astigmatism decreased from 7.88 ± 3.15 D preoperatively (corneal) to 0.76 ± 0.87 D postoperatively (refractive) (<i>P</i> < .001). One eye required redialing due to a 17° misalignment. Compared with the control group (41 eyes), the high-cylinder toric IOL group showed a slightly lower UDVA (20/30, <i>P</i> = .024) and a non-significant trend toward higher RA (0.58 ± 0.50, <i>P</i> = .930), as well as a significantly worse RA-PE, in both vector magnitude (1.47 vs. 0.62, <i>P</i> = .027) and vector dispersion (total bivariate variance 2.67 vs 0.40, px < 0.001 and py = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Customized high-cylinder toric IOLs significantly improve UDVA and reduce RA in eyes with extreme corneal astigmatism. Although slightly inferior to standard toric IOLs, they provide an effective treatment option for astigmatic correction in complex corneal pathologies with a central and relatively regular astigmatic component.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 7","pages":"e668-e676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Selective Laser Capsulotomy and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy in White Cataract.","authors":"Manpreet Kaur, Jeewan S Titiyal, Vaibhav Namdev, Jyoti Rawat, Manvi Bansal","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260408-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260408-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate morphological characteristics of capsulotomy created using selective laser capsulotomy (SLC) (CAPSULaser device; Excel-Lens, Inc) or femtosecond laser (FSL) (LenSx; Alcon Laboratories, Inc) in white cataract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective non-randomized comparative study of 40 patients with white cataract who had phacoemulsification. A 5-mm capsulotomy was planned using SLC (n = 20) or FSL (n = 20). The primary outcome measure was capsulotomy size. Secondary outcomes were capsulotomy circularity, intraocular lens (IOL) coverage, centration, continuity, and residual microadhesions. Follow-up was performed on postoperative days 1 and 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 65.3 ± 8.8 years (18 men, 22 women). Residual microadhesions were observed in 2 eyes (10%) in the SLC group and 11 eyes (55%) in the FSL group (<i>P</i> = .002). Release of milky fluid did not obscure laser delivery in the SLC group, but hampered laser delivery in the FSL group. On postoperative day 1, mean capsulotomy diameter was 4.45 ± 0.17 mm in the SLC group and 5.03 ± 0.07 mm in the FSL group (<i>P</i> < .001). Circularity index was comparable (SLC group: 0.993 ± 0.01, FSL group: 0.996 ± 0.005; <i>P</i> = .25), with 360° IOL coverage in both groups. Overlap index was 0.66 ± 0.27 in the SLC group and 0.84 ± 0.11 in the FSL group (<i>P</i> = .01). Decentration was significantly greater with SLC (SLC group: 0.37 ± 0.37 mm, FSL group: 0.09 ± 0.07 mm; <i>P</i> = .004). No case had radial tear of capsulotomy or posterior capsule rent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both FSL and SLC are safe and effective to create circular continuous capsulotomies in white cataract. FSL capsulotomies are more predictable in terms of size and centration. SLC capsulotomies have fewer microadhesions because fast capsulotomy creation does not allow milky cortex to obscure laser delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e522-e528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thresholding and Calibration for Machine Learning-Based Detection of Prior Laser Vision Correction.","authors":"Henry Bair","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260112-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20260112-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Modified Capsular Hook Implantation Technique for IOL-Capsular Bag Complex Subluxation: Clinical Outcomes From a Comparative Study.","authors":"Ling Wei, Ruijue Peng, Xianyu Zhang, Rui Feng, Chao Qu","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260421-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260421-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To introduce a modified capsular hook technique for managing intraocular lens-capsular bag complex (IOLCBC) subluxation and compare its outcomes with conventional transscleral IOL fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified implantation technique using polypropylene suture hooks introduced from within the capsular bag, combined with transscleral flanged-node fixation was developed to preserve capsular integrity. Seventeen eyes with in-the-bag IOL-CBC subluxation were included: 10 treated with the modified capsular hook implantation technique and 7 with conventional transscleral fixation. Outcomes at ≥6 months were compared, including surgical duration, IOL decentration and tilt, higher order aberrations (HOAs), visual function, postoperative complications, and patient-reported satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The capsular hook group had a significantly shorter surgical duration and demonstrated smaller IOL decentration (0.35 ± 0.22 vs 1.23 ± 0.82 mm) and tilt (2.09 ± 1.51° vs 5.76 ± 4.13°) compared with the transscleral fixation group (all <i>P</i> < .05). Corrected distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and total HOA were comparable between groups, whereas internal HOAs and endothelial cell density loss were relatively lower in the capsular hook group. Patient-reported visual function and quality of vision were higher in the capsular hook group. No cases of suture erosion, chronic inflammation, or recurrent IOL subluxation occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The modified capsular hook technique provides a safe and minimally invasive alternative for managing IOL-CBC subluxation. By preserving capsular integrity, facilitating stable in-the-bag fixation, and offering improved IOL stability, it may serve as a practical option for eyes with compromised zonular support.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e618-e626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis Between Tomographic, Biomechanical, and Chorioretinal Changes in Patients With Keratoconus.","authors":"Meike Katharina Pandl, Hyeck-Soo Son, Maximilian Friedrich, Lucy Joanne Kessler, Maximilian Karl Köppe, Ramin Khoramnia, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Victor Aristide Augustin","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260408-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260408-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate chorioretinal vascular changes in patients with keratoconus using optical coherence tomography angiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This mixed retrospective-prospective clinical study was conducted at University Eye Hospital in Heidelberg, Germany. A total of 184 eyes of 128 patients with keratoconus, 12 eyes with forme fruste keratoconus, and 100 eyes of 53 healthy control patients underwent comprehensive ocular examinations. Key parameters included corrected distance visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, corneal tomography, and biomechanics. Assessed parameters included anterior/posterior radii of curvature, thinnest corneal thickness, maximum anterior sagittal curvature, flat/steep axis keratometric value, Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Deviation index, Tomographic Biomechanical Index, Corvis Biomechanical Index, Corvis Biomechanical Factor, E-staging, central macular thickness, and vessel density (VD) of the macular superficial capillary plexus (mSCP), macular deep capillary plexus (mDCP), and macular choriocapillaris. Keratoconus severity was classified using the ABCD grading system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the keratoconus group, there was a significant increase in VD in the mSCP group (83.9 ± 4.04%) and the mDCP group (76.98 ± 5.5%) compared to the control group (mSCP: 78.29 ± 3.79%, mDCP: 71.07 ± 3.84%) (<i>P</i> < .00055 for both). These changes showed significant correlations with various clinical parameters, including the sum of the ABCD staging system (Rho = 0.33 for mSCP VD; Rho = 0.44 for mDCP VD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that macular SCP and DCP VDs are significantly increased in patients with keratoconus. Such vascular changes suggest an inflammatory component in keratoconus pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e578-e585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive and Corneal Astigmatism After Implantation of a Supraciliary Drainage Device in Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery.","authors":"Colya N Englisch, Philip Wakili, Achim Langenbucher, Peter Szurman, Clara E Englisch, Karl T Boden, André M Trouvain","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260413-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260413-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the short-term impact of stand-alone MINIject (iSTAR Medical SA) implantation on astigmatism in a single-center retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Refractive and corneal astigmatism was investigated based on preoperative and postoperative subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography measurements at 3 months (D90) using power vectors: the spherical equivalent M and the Jackson cross cylinder projections to the 0° and 90° (J₀) and to the 45° and 135° meridian (J₄₅).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 60 eyes with glaucoma or ocular hypertony from 54 patients were included. Refractive cylinder did not change after stand-alone implantation (C_D0 = -1.48 ± 1.52 diopters [D] vs C_D90 = -1.36 ± 1.20 D, <i>P</i> = .30) and, analogously, no time course was observed in three-dimensional vector analysis (<i>P</i> > .99). Anterior corneal surface astigmatism showed a near-significant change (<i>P</i> = .07) in the two-dimensional vector analysis (J₀; J₄₅), primarily driven by the J₀ component (<i>P</i> = .03), whereas the posterior surface remained unaffected (<i>P</i> = .4). The mean absolute surgically induced astigmatism was 0.78 ± 0.53 D for the anterior surface and 0.22 ± 0.21 D for the posterior surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supraciliary MINIject implantation may induce minor short-term changes in anterior corneal astigmatism. However, when implanted as a stand-alone procedure, it does not affect refractive astigmatism. Therefore, astigmatic changes do not require specific emphasis during patient counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e565-e571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced Extended Vision Procedure: Preclinical Analysis of a Non-diffractive Approach to Full Range of Vision After Cataract Surgery.","authors":"H Burkhard Dick, Yi-Feng Chiu, Chuan-Hui Yang, Wen-Chu Tseng, William Lee, Alejandro Cerviño","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20260406-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/1081597X-20260406-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the optical bench performance of a novel non-diffractive, wavefront-shaping intraocular lens (IOL) optimized for near vision (PF), and to evaluate its complementary use with its companion extended depth of focus (EDOF) model in the Balanced Extended Vision Procedure (BEVPx; AST VisionCare, Inc).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A preclinical comparative study was conducted using the PMTF device (Lambda-X Ophthalmics) to measure modulation transfer function (MTF) through-focus at 50 lp/mm in accordance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 11979-2:2014. Visual performance was further assessed by United States Air Force target imaging at multiple pupil sizes. Defocus curves were computed from MTF data to predict functional visual acuity. Optical performance was evaluated for PF and EDOF lenses (AST VisionCare, Inc) both individually and in combination, to simulate binocular outcomes in the BEVPx approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both IOLs demonstrated equivalent distance vision performance. The EDOF lens provided superior intermediate optical quality, whereas the PF lens enhanced near-visual performance beyond +2.50 diopters without loss of distance acuity. Simulated defocus curves revealed a dual-peak profile for the PF lens, maintaining predicted visual acuity better than 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution across distance-to-near vergences. Combining the two lenses yielded a continuous defocus curve with functional vision across the entire range, supporting the rationale of the BEVPx strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PF IOL introduces a non-diffractive solution for extending vision into the near range, and may provide a full range of high-quality vision with reduced risk of photic phenomena, both alone and in combination with the EDOF lens. Preclinical evidence supports the BEVPx approach as a promising strategy to bridge the gap between EDOF and trifocal IOL designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"42 6","pages":"e542-e548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}