Journal of Reproduction and Development最新文献

{"title":"Supplementation with serine-enriched non-essential amino acids from minimum essential medium promotes blastocyst development of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos.","authors":"Nobuhiko Itami, Yuji Hirao","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-090","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To produce an embryo, a high conception rate must be complied along with four evaluation criteria based on the timing of early cleavage and proper embryo morphology (hereafter, these blastocysts will be referred to as \"four-criteria-compliant blastocysts\"). Therefore, it is necessary to construct a culture system for high efficiency production of embryos meeting these four criteria. Non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) are widely used for the culture of bovine embryos fertilized in vitro; however, the necessity and optimal concentration of individual NEAA must be verified to produce four-criteria-compliant blastocysts. DNA methylation is a critical event for blastocyst formation in bovines, and serine is a common NEAA that serves as a methyl donor and participates in DNA methylation. Serine is generally added at a concentration of 100 µM in bovine embryo culture medium. However, the rate of formation of four-criteria-compliant blastocysts was significantly improved when 1000 µM of serine was added. Analysis of endogenous serine synthases gene expression in oocytes and embryos revealed that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway, is expressed at the morula stage and beyond. The addition of serine at 1000 µM increased the amount of methyl donors; moreover, the addition of an inhibitor of serine-metabolizing enzymes decreased the number of methyl donors and markedly inhibited blastocyst formation. These results indicate that the addition of serine at an optimal concentration of 1000 µM favors production of four-criteria-compliant blastocysts, and that methyl donor synthesis may be involved in this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloroquine inhibits artificial oocyte activation induced by ethanol or Sr²⁺ but not by sperm in mice.","authors":"Tadashi Yamazaki, Md Wasim Bari, Satoshi Kishigami","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-089","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum via sperm-derived phospholipase C zeta is crucial for oocyte activation during fertilization. Chloroquine (CQ) inhibits the increase in cytoplasmic calcium. This study investigated the effects of CQ on fertilization and oocyte activation. Oocytes were collected from ICR mice, and in vitro fertilization and artificial oocyte activation with strontium ions (Sr²⁺) and ethanol were performed in the presence of 50 µM CQ. Pronuclear formation was assessed via Hoechst33242 nuclear staining, cortical granule release was evaluated using lens culinaris agglutinin-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining, and cytosolic calcium levels were measured using fluorescence microscopy with Cal-520 AM. In the presence of CQ, no pronuclei were formed even 8 h after Sr²⁺-induced oocyte activation. Furthermore, cortical granule release in CQ-treated oocytes was significantly suppressed, although not completely inhibited, and no increase in cytosolic calcium was detected. CQ also inhibited pronuclear formation during ethanol-induced oocyte activation. In in vitro fertilization, although the fertilization rate was decreased in the CQ-treated group, in which CQ treatment was continuously applied during insemination, pronuclear formation and cortical granule release were observed. The decrease in the fertilization rate was likely attributable to reduced sperm motility and decreased penetration of the zona pellucida. The findings indicate that the oocyte activation pathways triggered by ethanol/Sr²⁺ and sperm are distinguishable by CQ, and that CQ can be used as a selective inhibitor of oocyte activation induced by Sr²⁺ or ethanol treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of vaginal examination methods to evaluate urovagina and purulent vaginal discharge in periestrous dairy cows.","authors":"Dai Ishiyama, Fumie Magata, Fuko Matsuda","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2924-071","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2924-071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urovagina and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) are usually diagnosed using a speculum, Metricheck device, or gloved hand. In periestrous dairy cows, a comparative study of these vaginal examinations for diagnosing urovagina or PVD has not yet been conducted. This study aimed to identify an effective vaginal examination method for periestrous dairy cows to ensure successful artificial insemination. Data were collected from 227 Holstein-Friesian cows during 300 occurrences of spontaneous estrus. Urovagina was evaluated using the speculum and gloved-hand methods and classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Vaginal discharge was evaluated using speculum, Metricheck, and gloved-hand methods and classified as vaginal discharge score (VDS) 0-5, with 2-5 defined as PVD-positive. Sensitivity and specificity of the gloved-hand versus speculum method in diagnosing urovagina, speculum versus Metricheck method, and gloved-hand versus Metricheck method in diagnosing PVD positivity were equivalent. The incidence of urovagina tended to be higher with the gloved-hand than with the speculum method. The incidence of PVD positivity tended to be higher with the gloved-hand than with the speculum and Metricheck methods. To analyze the correlation between pregnancy outcomes and mucus characteristics diagnosed using each method, logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the final models were compared. In this model, urovagina was selected as the explanatory variable and was associated with poor pregnancy. The results indicate that the gloved-hand method would be useful for managing fertility by detecting urovagina and PVD in periestrous dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermatic RXFP2 expression levels and seminal INSL3 concentrations among beef bull ejaculates with different levels of sperm morphological normality.","authors":"Hewage Dilhan Anuradha Wimalarathne, Kenta Arashi, Fumiyuki Iwaki, Mitsuhiro Sakase, Duritahala, Hiroshi Harayama, Noritoshi Kawate","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-072","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) receptor (RXFP2) expression levels on spermatozoa and INSL3 concentrations in the seminal plasma of fresh semen from beef bulls with different levels of sperm morphological normality. Ejaculates (n = 44) were collected from 21 yearling Japanese Black beef bulls and categorized into three groups based on the levels of sperm morphological normality: High (normal morphology ≥ 80%; n = 23), Mid (< 80% & ≥ 65%; n = 10) and Low (< 65%; n = 11). Immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization and expression levels of RXFP2 in spermatozoa. Sperm RXFP2 was detected in the principal and equatorial segments of the acrosomal region, postacrosomal region, and neck in all groups. The levels of RXFP2 in the acrosomal principal segment, postacrosomal region, and neck in the Low group were significantly lower than those in the High and Mid groups, and those in the equatorial segment tended to be lower than those in the High group. The total level of RXFP2 in the Low group was also significantly reduced compared with that in the other two groups. Seminal plasma INSL3 concentrations were significantly higher in the Low group than in the other two groups, whereas testosterone levels did not differ significantly between the groups. In conclusion, RXFP2 levels were reduced in the sperm head and neck in bovine semen, with a lower level of sperm morphological normality, suggesting possible associations between increased sperm deformity and INSL3 receptor reduction. Higher seminal INSL3 concentrations in abnormal semen are probably related to fewer INSL3 receptors in spermatozoa.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing in vivo embryo production in Japanese Black donors: the role of Anti-Müllerian hormone and inflammation parameters.","authors":"Hiroaki Okawa, Norihiro Yukiyama, Osamu Yamato, Akira Goto, Oky Setyo Widodo, Yasuo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Takagi","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japanese Black (JB) cattle, the number of transferable embryos produced after superovulation is crucial for the economic success of embryo production for both farmers and veterinarians. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has emerged as a key reproductive marker for predicting the number of embryos produced in vivo and oocytes retrieved through transvaginal pickup. This study investigated the relationship between AMH, inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid A (SAA) and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and the number of embryos recovered and transferable after superovulation in JB cows. A total of 96 JB donor cows underwent artificial insemination after superovulation, and embryo retrieval was performed 7 days later. Embryos retrieved were classified based on the International Embryo Technology Society criteria, wherein \"transferable embryos\" included those with codes 1 or 2, while \"total embryos\" included transferable embryos as well as those with codes 3 and 4. Blood samples collected during embryo recovery were used to measure serum AMH, SAA, and A/G ratios. When grouped by AMH quartiles, the high-AMH and middle-high-AMH groups produced significantly more total embryos compared to the low-AMH group. The total number of embryos increased with higher AMH levels (r = 0.3336, P = 0.0009). Correlation analysis revealed associations between AMH, α₁-globulin and SAA. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between total and transferable embryos (r = 0.6339, P < 0.0001) and between AMH and the yield ratio (r = 0.25583, P = 0.0119). These findings confirm that AMH concentration is a valuable reproductive marker for predicting the total and transferable embryos produced by JB donor cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.","authors":"Marina Takizawa, Sae Miyazaki, Hitomi Tsuchida, Mayuko Nagae, Shunsuke Seki, Masumi Hirabayashi, Fumitaka Osakada, Naoko Inoue, Hiroko Tsukamura, Yoshihisa Uenoyama","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons are considered the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in rats. In virgin rats, the expression of the ARC kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) is repressed by proestrous levels of estradiol-17β (high E2) but not by diestrous levels of E2 (low E2). In lactating rats, ARC Kiss1 expression is repressed by low E2 during late lactation. This study aimed to investigate whether nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2, encoded by Ncor2), an estrogen receptor α corepressor, is involved in the estrogen-induced repression of ARC Kiss1 expression in rats. Double in situ hybridization for Kiss1 and Ncor2 revealed that approximately 80% of ARC Kiss1-expressing cells co-expressed Ncor2 in ovariectomized (OVX) + low E2 virgin rats, while approximately 90% of ARC Kiss1-expressing cells co-expressed Ncor2 in OVX + low E2 lactating rats. To further examine the role of Ncor2, we studied the effects of Kiss1-dependent Ncor2 knockdown on ARC Kiss1 expression and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses. An adeno-associated virus vector carrying Cre-activated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for Ncor2 was administered to the ARC in two Kiss1-Cre rat models: OVX + high E2 Kiss1-Cre virgin rats and OVX + low E2 Kiss1-Cre lactating rats. Ncor2-shRNA treatment significantly increased the number of ARC Kiss1-expressing cells and the intensity of Kiss1 signals in OVX + high E2 virgin rats but failed to fully restore low E2-induced Kiss1 repression in lactating rats. The Ncor2-shRNA treatment failed to affect LH pulses in both models. These findings suggest that NCOR2 in ARC kisspeptin neurons mediates high E2-induced repression of ARC Kiss1 expression in virgin rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of 5-hydroxytriptamine on sperm hyperactivation and in vitro fertility in rats.","authors":"Yuki Koyano, Masakatsu Fujinoki","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT), is well known. Furthermore, it enhances the acrosome reaction, hyperactivation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) success in hamsters and mice. In the present study, we examined whether 5-HT enhances hyperactivation and increases IVF success in rats. When rat sperm was exposed to 5-HT, hyperactivation was significantly enhanced. Only the 5-HT₄ receptor agonists significantly enhanced hyperactivation. Additionally, both 5-HT and 5-HT₄ receptor agonists significantly increase the success of IVF. These results suggested that 5-HT increases IVF success by enhancing hyperactivation and effects of 5-HT are associated with the 5-HT₄ receptor. Therefore, in rats, 5-HT enhances capacitation and the 5-HT₄ receptor is the key molecule for capacitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can thermoregulatory response to heat stress be improved in lactating dairy cows? Insights from counter-current heat transfer systems impacting reproduction.","authors":"Fernando López-Gatius","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change has caused heat stress (HS) to become an increasingly severe problem for high-producing dairy herds. Although cooling systems allow milk production to remain nearly constant throughout the year, fertility decreases during summer. Physiological counter-current heat transfer mechanisms maintaining brain/hypothalamic and reproductive functions in cattle are vulnerable to HS. In this study, I propose strategies to improve cooling systems, particularly in zones with the highest risk of increased body temperature, such as milking areas. In addition, heat transfer mechanisms to protect the brain-hypothalamus axis from hyperthermia must be considered when implementing measures to reduce HS-related problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome editing of porcine zygotes via lipofection of two guide RNAs using a CRISPR/Cas9 system.","authors":"Qingyi Lin, Koki Takebayashi, Nanaka Torigoe, Bin Liu, Zhao Namula, Maki Hirata, Fuminori Tanihara, Megumi Nagahara, Takeshige Otoi","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-054","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome editing via electroporation is relatively efficient; however, lipofection is versatile because of its ease of use and low cost. Here, we aimed to determine the efficiency of lipofection in CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome editing using growth hormone receptor (GHR) and glycoprotein alpha-galactosyltransferase 1 (GGTA1)-targeting guide RNAs (gRNAs) in pig zygotes. Zona pellucida-free zygotes were collected 10 h after in vitro fertilization and incubated with Cas9, gRNAs, and Lipofectamine 2000 (LP2000) for 5 h. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the mutation efficiency of gRNAs targeting either GHR or GGTA1 in zygotes transfected using LP2000 and cultured in 4-well plates. In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of the culture method on the development, mutation rate, and mutation efficiency of zygotes with simultaneously double-edited GHR and GGTA1, cultured using 4-well (group culture) and 25-well plates (individual culture). In Experiment 3, we assessed the effect of additional GHR-targeted lipofection before and after simultaneous double gRNA-targeted lipofection on the mutation efficiency of edited embryos cultured in 25-well plates. No significant differences in mutation rates were observed between the zygotes edited with either gRNA. Moreover, the formation rate of blastocysts derived from GHR and GGTA1 double-edited zygotes was significantly increased in the 25-well plate culture compared to that in the 4-well plate culture. However, mutations were only observed in GGTA1 when zygotes were transfected with both gRNAs, irrespective of the culture method used. GHR mutations were detected only in blastocysts derived from zygotes subjected to GHR-targeted lipofection before simultaneous double gRNA-targeted lipofection. Overall, our results suggest that additional lipofection before simultaneous double gRNA-targeted lipofection induces additional mutations in the zygotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-145-5p regulates granulosa cell proliferation by targeting the <i>SET</i> gene in KGN cells.","authors":"Gao Lingling, Yang Qingxing, Xu Jianbo, Wang Weijie, Lu Dan","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-053","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MiR-145-5p has been implicated in the development and progression of various disorders, and it is primarily recognized as a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers types. Its expression has been reported to decrease in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to investigate whether miR-145-5p plays a role in granulosa cell proliferation and to shed light on the underlying pathological mechanisms of follicular development in patients with PCOS. Follicular fluid samples were collected from patients with PCOS and healthy individuals. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and bromodeoxyuridine assays were performed to assess KGN cell proliferation. The expression of miR-145-5p was significantly decreased in PCOS granulosa cells than in control cells, whereas the expression of SET was increased. Furthermore, miR-145-5p suppressed the proliferation of KGN cells. SET was identified as a direct target of miR-145-5p. Additionally, SET promoted the proliferation of KGN cells, and knockdown of SET counteracted the effect of the miR-145-5p inhibitor. Therefore, miR-145-5p regulates granulosa cell proliferation by targeting the SET in KGN cells; this process may be a potential pathological pathway that contributes to follicular developmental disorders in PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}