Journal of Reproduction and Development最新文献

{"title":"Resveratrol intake by males increased the mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length of blastocysts derived from aged mice.","authors":"Noko Teramoto, Yuri Okada, Nao Aburada, Masamune Hayashi, Jun Ito, Komei Shirasuna, Hisataka Iwata","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-043","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined whether male resveratrol intake affected mitochondrial DNA copy number (mt-cn) and telomere length (TL) in blastocysts fathered by young and aged male mice. C57BL/6N male mice supplied with water or water containing 0.1 mM resveratrol were used for embryo production at 14-23 and 48-58 weeks of age. Two-cell-stage embryos were collected from the oviducts of superovulated female mice (8-15 weeks old) and cultured for 3 days until the blastocyst stage. Mt-cn and TL levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Resveratrol intake did not affect body weight or water consumption. Resveratrol intake increased the expression levels of SIRT1 in the liver, the antioxidative ability of serum, and extended TL in the heart, whereas there was no significant difference in mt-cn in the heart or TL in sperm. The rate of blastocyst development was significantly lower in aged male mice than in younger mice, and resveratrol intake increased the total number of blastocysts derived from both young and aged males. Resveratrol intake did not affect mt-cn or TL in blastomeres of blastocyst-stage embryos derived from young mice, but significantly increased both mt-cn and TL in blastomeres of blastocysts derived from aged fathers. In conclusion, resveratrol intake increased mt-cn and TL levels in blastocysts derived from aged male mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc transporter ZnT3/Slc30a3 has a potential role in zinc ion influx in mouse oocytes","authors":"Atsuko KAGEYAMA, Jumpei TERAKAWA, Shunsuke TAKARABE, Hibiki SUGITA, Yui KAWATA, Junya ITO, Naomi KASHIWAZAKI","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-044","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Zinc is an essential trace element for various physiological functions, including reproduction. The influx/efflux of zinc ions is regulated by zinc transporters (Zip1–14 and ZnT1–8, 10). However, the precise roles of zinc transporters and zinc dynamics in reproductive functions are unknown. In this study, <i>ZnT3</i>/<i>Slc30a3</i> gene knockout (KO) mice were used to analyze the role of <i>ZnT3</i>. In <i>ZnT3</i> KO mice, intracellular zinc ions in oocytes/zygotes were significantly reduced compared to those in controls, and free zinc ions did not accumulate in the oocyte cytoplasm. However, fertilization of these oocytes and the average litter size were comparable to those of control mice. Our results suggest that ZnT3 plays an important role in the accumulation of zinc ions in oocytes but not in the developmental ability of mice. <i>ZnT3</i> KO mice will be useful for examining zinc dynamics in oocytes and other tissues.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2024-044/figure/advpub_2024-044.jpg\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polysaccharide gel made of gellan gum improves oocyte maturation and embryonic development in pigs","authors":"Shunsuke HARA, Koumei SHIRASUNA, Hisataka IWATA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-017","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Gellan gum (GG) is a soft, tractable,　and natural polysaccharide substrate used for cell incubation. In this study, we examined the effects of GG on porcine oocyte maturation. Cumulus cells and oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse-derived porcine ovaries and cultured on plastic plates containing 0.05% or 0.1% GG gels. The 0.1% GG gel improved the maturation rate and quality of blastocysts, as determined by the total cell number and the rate of abnormally condensed nuclei. GG gels have antioxidant abilities and oocytes cultured on GG gels (0.05% and 0.1%) have reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Furthermore, GG gels (0.05% and 0.1%) increased F-actin formation, whereas treatment of oocytes with H₂O₂ reduced F-actin levels. GG gels increased the ATP content in oocytes but did not affect the mitochondrial DNA copy number or mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the medium cultured on 0.05% GG increased the glucose consumption of COCs. In conclusion, GG gel reduced ROS content, increased energy content, and improved subsequent embryonic development in pigs.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2024-017/figure/advpub_2024-017.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span> Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carnosine supplementation in cryopreservation solution improved frozen-thawed bovine embryo viability","authors":"Toshimichi ISHII, Kento MORI-KOBAYASHI, Sho NAKAMURA, Satoshi OHKURA, Shuichi MATSUYAMA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-071","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Cryopreservation adversely affects embryo quality and viability <i>in vitro</i>.<i></i>We investigated the effects of cryopreservation solutions supplemented with the antioxidant carnosine on frozen-thawed bovine embryo viability. Bovine blastocysts were produced <i>in vitro</i> and cryopreserved using slow freezing. The rates of re-expanded and hatched blastocysts in the 50 μg/ml carnosine-supplemented group at 4, 24, and 48 h after thawing were higher than those in the control (P<i></i>&lt; 0.05) group. In frozen-thawed embryos, cryopreservation solution supplemented with carnosine (50 μg/ml) significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production<i></i>(P &lt; 0.05), decreased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells (P<i></i>&lt; 0.05), and increased the mRNA expression of<i> BCL2 </i>(P<i></i>&lt; 0.05), an apoptosis suppressor gene. The expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20), which is involved in protein mitochondrial transport, in the carnosine (50 μg/ml)-treated embryos was significantly higher than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). ATP production in frozen-thawed embryos in the 50 μg/ml carnosine-supplemented group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<i></i>&lt; 0.05), however no significant difference in the total number of cells per embryo among the groups was observed. These results suggest that supplementing the cryopreservation solution with carnosine can improve the viability of frozen-thawed bovine embryos by reducing oxidative damage.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-071/figure/advpub_2023-071.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social effects on behaviorally-scored and pedometer-detected estrus in beef cattle.","authors":"Hiromi Kusaka, Minoru Sakaguchi","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-005","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2024-005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of cows in estrus often influences estrus behavior; however, the effects of social order are not well documented. This study examined the effects of social order on the expression of behaviorally-scored and pedometer-detected estrus, combined with the effects of the number of cows in estrus. In a herd comprising 13 or 15 beef cattle, cows with orders 1st-7th were defined as dominant and the remaining cows as subordinate. Sole or simultaneous estrus was induced by prostaglandin F_2α analog injection and/or intravaginal progesterone treatment. Ovulation timing was determined using ultrasonography at 6-hour intervals. Estrous signs and steps of the cows were recorded 49 h before ovulation using video monitoring and a pedometer, respectively. Among the 59 treated cows, 56 behaviorally-scored estruses (27 sole and 29 simultaneous) were detected. In the sole estrus, 61.5% of the dominant-rank cows had no zero-point period; however, 35.7% of the subordinate-rank cows had that period. The dominant-rank cows in estrus alone had a significantly shorter duration of scored estrus than those in simultaneous estrus (P < 0.05). Among the 50 pedometer-detected estruses (24 sole and 26 simultaneous), the subordinate-rank cows in sole estrus had a shorter interval from estrus onset to ovulation than the dominant-rank cows in simultaneous estrus (P < 0.05). The effects of social order varied in response to the number of cows in estrus, which might have influenced determining the optimal time for artificial insemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11153121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ovarian stimulation on developmental speed of preimplantation embryo in a mouse model.","authors":"Mayuko Kurumizaka, Tatsuma Yao, Mikiko Tokoro, Noritaka Fukunaga, Yoshimasa Asada, Kazuo Yamagata","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-089","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2023-089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian stimulation protocols are widely used to collect oocytes in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Although the influence of ovarian stimulation on embryo quality has been described, this issue remains controversial. Here, we analyzed the influence of ovarian stimulation on developmental speed and chromosome segregation using live cell imaging. Female mice at the proestrus stage were separated by the appearance of the vagina as the non-stimulation (-) group, and other mice were administered pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the stimulation (+) groups. The cumulus-oocyte complexes from both groups were inseminated with sperm suspensions from the same male mice. Fertilization rates and developmental capacities were examined, and the developmental speed and frequency of chromosome segregation errors were measured by live-cell imaging using a Histone H2B-mCherry probe. The number of fertilized oocytes obtained was 1.4-fold more frequent in the stimulation (+) group. The developmental rate and chromosome stability did not differ between the groups. Image analysis showed that the mean speed of development in the stimulation (+) group was slightly higher than that in the non-stimulation (-) group. This increase in speed seemed to arise from the slight shortening of the 2- and 4-cell stages and third division lengths and consequent synchronization of cleavage timing in each embryo, not from the emergence of an extremely rapidly developing subpopulation of embryos. In conclusion, ovarian stimulation does not necessarily affect embryo quality but rather increases the chances of obtaining high-quality oocytes in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11153123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular approaches to mammalian uterine receptivity for conceptus implantation","authors":"Kaiyu KUBOTA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-022","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Mammalian reproduction is more inefficient than expected and embryo/conceptus implantation into the maternal endometrium is considered to be a rate-limiting process. Although extensive physiological and structural diversity exists among mammalian species, the basic molecular mechanisms underlying successful implantation are conserved. The extensive use of genetically engineered mouse models has provided considerable information on uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. The molecular mechanisms and cellular processes identified thus far require further validation in other mammalian species. In this review, representative ovarian steroid hormone-induced signaling pathways controlling uterine adaptation are presented based on the results of rodent studies. Selected examples of functional conservation in mammals, such as humans and cattle, are briefly described. To date, molecular therapeutic trials for fertility improvement have not been conducted. Considerable efforts are required to provide further understanding of these molecular mechanisms. Such understanding will contribute to the development of reliable clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for implantation failure, leading to reproductive success in a wide variety of mammals in the future.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2024-022/figure/advpub_2024-022.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excluding alanine from minimum essential medium (MEM) nonessential amino acid supplementation of the culture medium facilitates post-fertilization events and early cleavages of bovine oocytes fertilized in vitro","authors":"Nobuhiko ITAMI, Satoshi AKAGI, Yuji HIRAO","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-098","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Embryonic transfer of bovine blastocysts produced by <i>in vitro</i> fertilization is widely utilized despite a compromised conception rate. It has been suggested that a set of four evaluation criteria for judging the quality of embryos, based on the timing of early cleavages and proper morphologies of embryos, can effectively predict pregnancy success. These blastocysts are hereafter referred to as four-criteria-compliant blastocysts. The same criteria should be used to modify the culture media to improve embryo quality. For example, culture media is often supplemented with nonessential amino acids (NEAA) at a uniform concentration despite the major variation in their concentration in the oviductal fluid. In the present study, the effects of the embryo culture medium, namely CR1, supplemented with all seven MEM NEAA or six of them, excluding one at a time, were examined. All media, except for the medium that did not contain proline and serine, tended to improve the efficiency of producing four-criteria-compliant blastocysts, and excluding alanine was particularly effective. The absence of alanine resulted in the rapid occurrence of the first cleavage and pronuclear formation of fertilized oocytes in the alanine-free medium compared to that in the medium containing alanine. These results suggested that alanine hinders certain events involved in the progression of early embryogenesis, which is necessary to achieve the four criteria that provide a benchmark for pregnancy. Therefore, a significantly higher percentage of embryos satisfied the recommended criteria and developed into four-criteria-compliant blastocysts when developed in alanine-free medium than in alanine-containing medium.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-098/figure/advpub_2023-098.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-synuclein expression in oxytocin neurons of young and old bovine brains","authors":"Yvan Bienvenu NIYONZIMA, Yuuki ASATO, Hiroya KADOKAWA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2024-020","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Understanding of central nervous system mechanisms underlying age-related infertility remains limited. Fibril α-synuclein, distinct from its monomeric form, is implicated in age-related diseases. Notably, fibril α-synuclein spreads among neurons, similar to prions, from damaged old neurons in cortex and hippocampus to healthy neurons. However, less is known whether α-synuclein propagates into oxytocin neurons, which play crucial roles in reproduction. We compared α-synuclein expression in the oxytocin neurons in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and posterior pituitary (PP) gland of healthy heifers and aged cows to determine its role in age-related infertility. We analyzed mRNA and protein expression, along with Congo red histochemistry and fluorescent immunohistochemistry for oxytocin and α-synuclein, followed by confocal microscopy with Congo red staining. Both mRNA and protein expressions of α-synuclein were confirmed in the bovine cortex, hippocampus, SCN, SON, PVN, and PP tissues. Significant differences in α-synuclein mRNA expressions were observed in the cortex and hippocampus between young heifers and old cows. Western blots showed five bands of α-synuclein, probably reflecting monomers, dimers, and oligomers, in the cortex, hippocampus, SCN, SON, PVN, and PP tissues, and there were significant differences in some bands between the young heifers and old cows. Bright-field and polarized light microscopy did not detect obvious amyloid deposition in the aged hypothalami; however, higher-sensitive confocal microscopy unveiled strong positive signals for Congo red and α-synuclein in oxytocin neurons in the aged hypothalami. α-synuclein was expressed in oxytocin neurons, and some differences were observed between young and old hypothalami.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2024-020/figure/advpub_2024-020.jpg\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in follicular fluid is associated with the follicular inflammatory status and granulosa cell steroidogenesis in dairy cows","authors":"Fumie MAGATA, Misato KIKUZAWA, Heinrich BOLLWEIN, Fuko MATSUDA, Shingo HANEDA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-104","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Metabolic stress and subsequent hepatic dysfunction in high-producing dairy cows are associated with inflammatory diseases and declining fertility. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is produced by hepatocytes and controls the immune response, suggesting that it is involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation-related attenuation of reproductive functions during metabolic stress. This study investigated the effect of LBP on the inflammatory status, oocyte quality, and steroidogenesis in the follicular microenvironment of dairy cows. Using bovine ovaries obtained from a slaughterhouse, follicular fluid and granulosa cells were collected from large follicles to evaluate the follicular status of metabolism, inflammation, and steroidogenesis. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from small follicles and subjected to <i>in vitro</i> embryo production. The results showed that follicular fluid LBP concentrations were significantly higher in cows with fatty livers and hepatitis than in those with healthy livers. Follicular fluid LBP and LPS concentrations were negatively correlated, whereas LPS concentration showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid in follicular fluid. The blastulation rate of oocytes after <i>in vitro</i> fertilization was impaired in cows in which coexisting large follicles had high NEFA levels. Follicular fluid NEFA concentration was negatively correlated with granulosa cell expression of the estradiol (E₂) synthesis-related gene (<i>CYP19A1</i>). Follicular fluid LBP concentration was positively correlated with follicular fluid E₂ concentration and granulosa cell <i>CYP19A1 </i>expression. In conclusion, follicular fluid LBP may be associated with favorable conditions in the follicular microenvironment, including low LPS levels and high E₂ production by granulosa cells. </p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-104/figure/advpub_2023-104.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}