Journal of psychoactive drugs最新文献_第7页

Health-Promoting Behaviors in Male Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study. 阿片类药物使用障碍男性患者促进健康行为的探索性研究

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446454

Vinit Patel, Parvender Singh Negi, Rekha Pal Shah, Anju Dhawan, Siddharth Sarkar

{"title":"Health-Promoting Behaviors in Male Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Vinit Patel, Parvender Singh Negi, Rekha Pal Shah, Anju Dhawan, Siddharth Sarkar","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2446454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2446454","url":null,"abstract":"Health-promoting lifestyle and behaviors play a crucial role in the prognosis of an illness as well as in healing. With the significant global burden of unhealthy lifestyle choices, their impact on individuals with substance use disorders can be particularly burdensome, hampering overall well-being. This study assesses health-promoting lifestyle and behavior and dietary habits among treatment-seeking male patients with opioid use disorders. This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 179 male patients undergoing treatment for opioid use disorder in a treatment center dedicated to addiction services. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), the Maudsley Addiction Profile, and a food frequency questionnaire adapted for the north Indian diet. The mean age of the sample was 31.5 years, and almost half of the participants were underweight (n = 86, 48.0%). Participants often engaged in some health-promoting behaviors, such as nutrition, stress management, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relations; and generally neglected aspects of physical activity and health responsibility. Over half of the participants consumed less energy than recommended, while about a fourth failed to meet daily protein intake recommendations. The study underscores the need to incorporate lifestyle and dietary assessment and modification alongside psycho-pharmacological treatment for patients with opioid use disorders.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Modafinil Treatment on Cravings in Methamphetamine Use Disorder. 莫达非尼治疗对甲基苯丙胺使用障碍患者渴望的影响。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468

Muhammed Raşit Bardakçı, Ahmet Bulent Yazici, Şeyma Bardakçı, Esra Yazici

{"title":"The Effect of Modafinil Treatment on Cravings in Methamphetamine Use Disorder.","authors":"Muhammed Raşit Bardakçı, Ahmet Bulent Yazici, Şeyma Bardakçı, Esra Yazici","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for treatments that can reduce cravings in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), which is trending upwards worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modafinil treatment on substance craving in patients with MUD. The study included 100 patients with MUD who were being treated in an inpatient detoxification center. Patients were divided into two groups as modafinil group (MG) (n = 51) and non-modafinil group (NMG) (n = 49) and compared with each other in terms of sociodemographic data, severity of addiction, change in craving scores on the 1st, 7th and 14th days. The change in craving scores during the first week was found to be significantly greater in the modafinil group (MG) compared to the non-modafinil group (NMG) (p < .001), indicating that modafinil effectively reduced methamphetamine cravings within the first week of treatment. When the changes in craving levels were compared between the groups in the first and second week, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p > .05). The mean substance craving scores at hospitalization were higher in MG than NMG (p < .001). Modafinil may be beneficial in the treatment of MUD, especially when used in the first weeks of treatment, especially in patients with higher cravings at baseline.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey. 对天然和合成致幻剂的偏好、认知和环境考虑：来自全球致幻剂调查的结果。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446445

Omer A Syed, Rotem Petranker, Emily C Fewster, Valentyn Sobolenko, Zeina Beidas, M Ishrat Husain, Stephanie Lake, Philippe Lucas

{"title":"Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey.","authors":"Omer A Syed, Rotem Petranker, Emily C Fewster, Valentyn Sobolenko, Zeina Beidas, M Ishrat Husain, Stephanie Lake, Philippe Lucas","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2446445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2446445","url":null,"abstract":"Although several studies have well described the characteristics of people who use psychedelics alongside their motivations and beliefs, little research has examined the preferences surrounding the source of psychedelic substances. In an anonymous online survey, we collected data from 6,379 consumers of 11 different psychedelic substances from 85 different countries, exploring their preferences and perceptions on natural and synthetic psychedelics. There was a strong preference of natural sources over synthetic alternatives for psilocybin (75%), DMT (56%), and mescaline (56%). Moreover, 50.8% of respondents believed that the source impacts the psychedelic's psychological and physiological effects, while 34.4% of respondents had a neutral stance on the topic. Despite the preference for natural sources, 67.7% of respondents agreed to switch to using synthetic alternatives to psychedelic substances if it would lessen the environmental impacts caused by the overharvesting of natural sources. This study presents novel insights into consumer preferences on the source of popular psychedelic substances. This international survey is limited to respondents primarily belonging to anglophone regions of the world.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescription and Non-Prescription Anxiolytic Use is Linked to Personal Characteristics Among University Students. 处方和非处方抗焦虑药使用与大学生个人特征相关。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2444893

Joaquín Rodríguez-Ruíz, Bryan Lee Miller, Raquel Espejo-Siles, Inmaculada Marín-López

{"title":"Prescription and Non-Prescription Anxiolytic Use is Linked to Personal Characteristics Among University Students.","authors":"Joaquín Rodríguez-Ruíz, Bryan Lee Miller, Raquel Espejo-Siles, Inmaculada Marín-López","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2444893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2444893","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health promotion and substance use prevention are essential issues at universities worldwide. Although research has identified risk and protective factors for substance use generally among college students, there is a paucity of knowledge about anxiolytic use. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze if prescription and non-prescription anxiolytic use was related to self-control, self-esteem and self-efficacy. A cross-sectional study design included 1,687 undergraduate students (Mage = 20.30 years; SD = 2.76) at a Spanish university. Validated instruments were administrated for data collection, under the supervision of a research team member. Descriptive analyses showed that almost 12% of the sample reports prescription anxiolytic use and more than 6% of non-prescription anxiolytic use in the last 6 months. There were considerable differences between genders, with females reporting higher consumption. Linear regression analyses showed that low self-control and low self-esteem predicted both prescription and non-prescription anxiolytic use. Being female predicted only non-prescription anxiolytic use. Considering these findings, strategies to improve self-control and self-efficacy among university students could be a successful element preventing or decreasing anxiolytic use and misuse.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations Between Ayahuasca Use in Naturalistic Settings and Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Global Dataset. 在自然环境中使用死藤水与心理健康和幸福结果之间的关联：全球大型数据集分析。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2424288

Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris, Tessa Cowley-Court, Helena Aicher, Luís Fernando Tófoli, Jose Carlos Bouso, Emerita Opaleye, Andreas Halman, Nicole Galvão-Coelho, Violeta Schubert

{"title":"Associations Between Ayahuasca Use in Naturalistic Settings and Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Global Dataset.","authors":"Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris, Tessa Cowley-Court, Helena Aicher, Luís Fernando Tófoli, Jose Carlos Bouso, Emerita Opaleye, Andreas Halman, Nicole Galvão-Coelho, Violeta Schubert","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2424288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2424288","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence indicates that ayahuasca consumption may have beneficial mental health effects. This study undertakes the largest analysis to date of associations between naturalistic ayahuasca use and current mental health status via an online cross-sectional survey. The sample included 7,576 participants (average age 41, 47% female) who had consumed ayahuasca in religious, traditional, or non-traditional settings in over 50 countries. Bivariate analysis, multivariate linear regressions and generalized structural equation modeling were used to explore associations between ayahuasca use variables, current mental health (K10, SF-12 MCS), and psychological well-being change (PWG). The number of ayahuasca uses was found to be positively associated with current mental health status (all measures), and this remained highly significant in multivariate models, with little evidence of associations diminishing over time. Variables such as the strength of the mystical experience, self-insights, and community/social variables were also positively associated with current mental health and PWG, while acute extreme fear and integration difficulties were negatively associated. Findings suggest that naturalistic ayahuasca use is associated with better current mental health status and enhanced psychological wellbeing for individuals with and without a history of mental illness, independent of community effects, with certain variables contributing positively or negatively to these effects.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Psychosis in 2098 Methamphetamine Users Admitted to 104 Outpatient Counseling Centers in 80 Cities in Turkey. 土耳其 80 个城市 104 个门诊咨询中心收治的 2098 名甲基苯丙胺使用者中与精神病有关的因素。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2428242

Cavid Guliyev, Ebru Aldemir, Melike Şimşek, Kültegin Ögel

{"title":"Factors Associated with Psychosis in 2098 Methamphetamine Users Admitted to 104 Outpatient Counseling Centers in 80 Cities in Turkey.","authors":"Cavid Guliyev, Ebru Aldemir, Melike Şimşek, Kültegin Ögel","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2428242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2428242","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that individuals who use methamphetamine are at a significantly higher risk of developing psychosis compared to non-users. This study aims to examine the rate of psychosis among methamphetamine users and to investigate factors related to methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP). Two thousand ninety-eight (2,098) individuals with methamphetamine use were admitted to outpatient care. Available admissions data included clinical interviews, the Addiction Profile Index (API), and API-clinical forms. MAP was identified in 267 (12.7%) participants. Our data analysis found significant sociodemographic, clinical, and personality differences between MAP and non-MAP cohorts on admission. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that older age (OR = 1.049), younger age of substance use onset (OR = 0.960), more frequent MA use (OR = 1.622), being single (OR = 1.974), lower education (OR = 0.46), increased number of withdrawal symptoms (OR = 1.100), higher lack of anger control scores (OR = 1.422), higher lack of assertiveness scores (OR = 1.396), and higher anxiety scores (OR = 1.715) were significantly associated with MAP. Although factors identified in this study represent state (on admission) rather than stable characterological traits, these results may nonetheless help us better characterize contextual factors associated with MAP in an outpatient population.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice. 维持性肌肉注射氯胺酮辅助心理疗法，对社区实践中的疗效、不良事件和辍学情况进行回顾性病历审查。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2421895

Wesley C Ryan, Boris D Heifets

{"title":"Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice.","authors":"Wesley C Ryan, Boris D Heifets","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2421895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2421895","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ketamine and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for treatment of depression has grown dramatically, though much of these data are short term. The clinical profile of maintenance treatment remains poorly characterized. We assessed maintenance KAP for efficacy, tolerability, and reasons for dropout. This observational study retrospectively analyzed electronic health records from an addiction psychiatry practice offering intramuscular ketamine with contemporaneous psychotherapy for the treatment of depression. All patients receiving treatment between January 2016 and September 2022 were included, yielding 1,114 sessions from 70 patients. The response was quantified via the clinical global impression-severity scale. Side effects and reasons for dropout were extracted from charts. Comorbidities include an anxiety disorder (79%) or substance use disorder (49%). The induction yielded 82% response, maintained above 80% after six months (sessions q21 days, 1.13 mg/kg mean dose). Many (38%) remained in treatment for at least one year. Nausea management accounted for nearly all as-needed medication use. Antihypertensives were seldom utilized. Chronic side effects were notable for one case of ketamine use disorder, resulting in residential treatment. Dropouts cited logistical reasons half the time and side effects only 9.7% of the time. KAP yielded robust improvements in mood, anxiety, and substance use. Maintenance sessions effectively extended benefit and were largely well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highs and Lows: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Impact of Adult Use Legalization on Medical Cannabis Patients. 高潮与低谷：成人使用大麻合法化对医用大麻患者影响的混合方法分析》。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2430608

Kevin F Boehnke, Daniel J Kruger, Carrie Cuttler, Mitchell L Doucette, Adrianne R Wilson-Poe

{"title":"Highs and Lows: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Impact of Adult Use Legalization on Medical Cannabis Patients.","authors":"Kevin F Boehnke, Daniel J Kruger, Carrie Cuttler, Mitchell L Doucette, Adrianne R Wilson-Poe","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2430608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2430608","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, 24 states have legalized adult use (recreational) cannabis, each following medical-only access. Although states that pass adult use laws report substantial declines in the number of registered medical patients, these laws expand the market, potentially enhancing patient benefits. However, research on federal adult use cannabis legislation in Canada suggests that adult use laws negatively impact medical patients. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine medical cannabis patients' perceptions of the impact of adult use cannabis laws in the US. We conducted an online survey with forced choice and open-ended questions in a convenience sample of 505 medical cannabis patients. Quantitative analysis indicated that adult use laws decreased stress and legal concerns, and that patient perceptions of cannabis product quality and availability were higher, but prices were also higher. Qualitative analysis largely aligned with quantitative findings, however data were somewhat divergent on price and product availability (with some patients reporting lower prices and accessibility issues). Mixed-methods analysis revealed that legalization also reduced patients' experience of social stigma. Addressing the patient concerns revealed by these data may help to restore or maintain patient access to affordable, medically relevant cannabis products as additional states merge medical cannabis programs into adult use paradigms.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

24-Hour Induction of Transdermal Buprenorphine to Buprenorphine Extended-Release. 经皮丁丙诺啡对丁丙诺啡缓释剂的 24 小时诱导。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2430616

Pouya Azar, Victor W Li, James S H Wong, Mohammadali Nikoo, Jessica Machado, Martha J Ignaszewski, Nickie Mathew, Amer Raheemullah, Sarah E Wakeman, Rodney Mullen, Reinhard M Krausz, Julio S G Montaner, Anil R Maharaj

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Psilocybe cubensis on Spatial Memory and BDNF Expression in Male Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. 红景天对长期暴露于不可预测的轻度应激的雄性大鼠的空间记忆和 BDNF 表达的影响

IF 2.1 4区医学

Journal of psychoactive drugs Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241

Reza Ghaffarzadegan, Mokhtar Karimi, Behnaz Hedayatjoo, Hamidreza Behnoud, Eghbal Jasemi, Mahsa Mohammadi, Samira Roustaei, Ali Razmi, Salar Vaseghi

{"title":"The Effect of Psilocybe cubensis on Spatial Memory and BDNF Expression in Male Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.","authors":"Reza Ghaffarzadegan, Mokhtar Karimi, Behnaz Hedayatjoo, Hamidreza Behnoud, Eghbal Jasemi, Mahsa Mohammadi, Samira Roustaei, Ali Razmi, Salar Vaseghi","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241","url":null,"abstract":"Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, drastically affect mental processing, cognitive functioning, and the mood state. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the Psilocybe cubensis extract on spatial memory and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The duration of CUMS was 4 weeks. Spatial learning and memory were measured using the Morris water maze apparatus. The Psilocybe cubensis extract was intraperitoneally injected (20 mg/kg) in different time periods: 5 min before training, 24 h before training, 48 h before training, 5 min after training, and 5 min before the probe test. Results showed that CUMS impaired spatial learning and memory, and decreased BDNF in the hippocampus. Psilocybe cubensis (24 and 48 h before training) restored spatial learning, while (48 h before training) restored spatial memory impairment in CUMS rats. Psilocybe cubensis (24 and 48 h before training) increased BDNF in CUMS rats. Psilocybe cubensis administrations (expect 48 h before training) impaired spatial learning and memory and decreased BDNF levels in controls. In conclusion, we suggested that Psilocybe cubensis may be beneficial for the improvement of memory deficits induced by CUMS, while the time of injection seems to be an important factor in its final effect.","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0