Journal of psychoactive drugs最新文献

{"title":"Consuming and Thinking About Nangs: A Survey of Nitrous Oxide Use, Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Jai Whelan, Taylah John, Rose Crossin, Ryan D Ward","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2452224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2452224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-medical use of nitrous oxide (N₂O) is becoming increasingly popular globally, yet little data exists regarding N₂O in Aotearoa New Zealand. We aimed to explore patterns of use and harm in those who consume N₂O in Aotearoa, and related knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of those with and without N₂O experience. A convenience sample of people with N₂O experience (<i>n</i> = 466) and without (<i>n</i> = 510) completed an online survey about N₂O. Most with N₂O experience reported infrequent and low-dose consumption. Harm reduction behaviors were utilized by most consumers, and reports of adverse effects were relatively low. Self-reported acute or chronic harm (primarily psychological) was reported by only 5.8% of the N₂O sample, whilst 9.2% reported ever experiencing persistent numbness (5.2% in the past 12 months). Self-reported knowledge about N₂O varied and was greater in those with N₂O experience. N₂O knowledge was generally poor, although more accurate in those with N₂O experience. Attitudes generally differed between those with and without N₂O experience, and perceived harmfulness and experience significantly contributed to attitudes regarding N₂O legality. Findings underscore the relative safety of N₂O when used recreationally, but also highlight the need for greater drug education around potential risks of N₂O use and harm reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Test of Perceptions of Psychedelics by Therapeutic and Recreational Use.","authors":"Mackenzie T Kiniry, Renee E Magnan, Sarah N Elder, Benjamin O Ladd","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2452231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2452231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research on the potential therapeutic value of psychedelic substances has led to changes in media representation and drug policy in some U.S. states. Yet, little is known about lay perceptions of these substances. The current study aimed to describe health perceptions of psychedelic substances, test differences in perceptions of therapeutic vs. recreational use of psychedelic substances, and determine if such perceptions vary by use experience. Participants (<i>N</i> = 309) completed an online within-subjects experiment in which they responded to measures of positive and negative perceptions of therapeutic and recreational use of psychedelics. Endorsement of positive and negative health perceptions of psychedelics was moderate to strong. Recreational use was perceived as having more negative health consequences, while therapeutic use was perceived as having more positive health consequences. Participants who reported lifetime psychedelic use (40.7%) perceived both recreational and therapeutic uses as having more positive health consequences, and this pattern was consistent across most perception domains. The outcomes suggest that public perceptions of use may change based on reason for use. This information may aid in filling current gaps in knowledge and identifying potential targets for public health communications, and such approaches may benefit from considering prior use experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oregon's Emerging Psilocybin Services Workforce: A Survey of the First Legal Psilocybin Facilitators and Their Training Programs.","authors":"Jason B Luoma, Kim Hoffman, Adrianne R Wilson-Poe, Ximena A Levander, Alissa Bazinet, Ryan R Cook, Dennis McCarty, Kellie Pertl, Sarann Bielavitz, Devin Gregoire, R Cameron Wolf, Don C Des Jarlais, Harland V Harrison, Christopher S Stauffer, P Todd Korthuis","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2454474","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2454474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New legal frameworks for supervised psychedelic services are emerging, with Oregon and Colorado implementing programs to train and license psilocybin facilitators. This study describes Oregon's early psilocybin facilitator workforce and assesses state-approved training programs. The Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus (OPEN) reviewed Oregon Health Authority-approved training programs and surveyed facilitators who had completed or were enrolled in these programs between July and November 2023. Data collection included a review of public listings, contact with training programs, and facilitator survey. Results indicated that in the 16 active training programs, the mean tuition was $9,359 and half offered diversity scholarships. Survey respondents (<i>n</i> = 106) were relatively diverse; many had an existing healthcare license. The majority reported that training expenses were a moderate-to-severe financial strain. Most were satisfied with training. The mean planned price for a session was $1,388 and the most common areas of specialization were trauma, mental disorders, consciousness exploration, and spirituality. Facilitators requested ongoing training opportunities. In conclusion, Oregon's emerging psilocybin facilitator workforce and training programs are in early development. These findings are crucial for informing future policy and training program development to support a diverse and effective workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Modafinil Treatment on Cravings in Methamphetamine Use Disorder.","authors":"Muhammed Raşit Bardakçı, Ahmet Bulent Yazici, Şeyma Bardakçı, Esra Yazici","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a need for treatments that can reduce cravings in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), which is trending upwards worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modafinil treatment on substance craving in patients with MUD. The study included 100 patients with MUD who were being treated in an inpatient detoxification center. Patients were divided into two groups as modafinil group (MG) (<i>n</i> = 51) and non-modafinil group (NMG) (<i>n</i> = 49) and compared with each other in terms of sociodemographic data, severity of addiction, change in craving scores on the 1st, 7th and 14th days. The change in craving scores during the first week was found to be significantly greater in the modafinil group (MG) compared to the non-modafinil group (NMG) (<i>p</i> < .001), indicating that modafinil effectively reduced methamphetamine cravings within the first week of treatment. When the changes in craving levels were compared between the groups in the first and second week, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > .05). The mean substance craving scores at hospitalization were higher in MG than NMG (<i>p</i> < .001). Modafinil may be beneficial in the treatment of MUD, especially when used in the first weeks of treatment, especially in patients with higher cravings at baseline.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative Social Disadvantage and Medicinal Cannabis Use Among Younger Adults in Rural Communities: A Mixed Methods Approach.","authors":"Sharon Lipperman-Kreda, Emile Sanders, Julie Peach, Shelly Brantley, Geoffrey Hunt, Tamar M J Antin","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2449919","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2449919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This mixed-methods study investigated the role of medicinal cannabis use among younger adults who live in rural communities and experience high levels of cumulative social disadvantage (CSD). Results are based on cross-sectional surveys and online interviews with 153 younger adults (18-35-years old) in rural California. We assessed participants' levels of CSD (high, medium, and low) and examined associations with perceived general physical and mental health and with medicinal use of cannabis (MUC). Qualitative analyses were then conducted to better understand the roles of cannabis use in the lives of study participants with high versus low CSD. High CSD was associated with perceived poorer physical and mental health and with MUC, but not past month general cannabis use. Qualitative findings emphasized the significant role of MUC for rural young people with high CSD to reduce stress and manage physical and mental health. Findings suggest the need to address CSD inequities in rural communities, such as increasing access to health care, to reduce health inequities and the reliance on cannabis use for managing mental and physical health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"325-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis-Induced Persistent Perceptual Disturbances: A Clinical Characterization Study of Multimodal Sensory Symptoms in 13 Patients.","authors":"Valerio Ricci, Giovanni Martinotti, Mauro Pettorruso, Giuseppe Maina","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2689028","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2689028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use has been associated with persistent perceptual disturbances, but systematic clinical characterization remains limited, particularly regarding multimodal sensory involvement. To characterize persistent perceptual disturbances following cannabis use, focusing on symptom profiles, temporal patterns, and clinical features. This exploratory observational study was conducted across the Valle d'Aosta and Piemonte regions of Italy between 2020 and 2025. We characterized 13 patients with persistent visual/auditory symptoms following cannabis exposure through comprehensive clinical assessment, neurological examination, neuroimaging, and standardized questionnaires. Given the small sample size, analysis focused on clinical characterization rather than statistical inference. Thirteen patients (10 males, mean age 24.3 ± 4.1 years) had used natural cannabis (69.2%) or synthetic cannabinoids (30.8%). Visual snow was universal (100%), with high rates of trailing phenomena (92.3%), halos (84.6%), and color changes (76.9%). A novel finding was the presence of auditory hypersensitivity in 61.5% of patients. Symptoms emerged at a mean of 3.2 ± 2.4 weeks following cannabis cessation. All neurological investigations were normal. Comorbid anxiety disorders were present in 84.6% of patients; functional impairment was severe in 30.8%, moderate in 46.2%, and mild in 23.1%. This exploratory study describes persistent multimodal sensory disturbances in patients after cannabis exposure. Consistent visual snow, frequent auditory hypersensitivity, and normal neurological investigations suggest a distinct phenotype warranting systematic investigation. While preliminary and requiring validation in larger samples, these findings highlight a potentially underrecognized cannabis complication meriting clinical attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialist Inpatient Detoxification from Gabapentinoids: Clinical and Demographic Characteristics and Predictors of Outcome.","authors":"Aansha Priyam, Andrew Hill, Mostafa Abdellatif, Shelly Ann, Rathi Ravindrarajah, Nay Myo, Nanda Ko, Chris Daly, Stephen J Kaar","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2689035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2689035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gabapentinoids are increasingly implicated in drug-related deaths, and little is known about the harms of dependence or detoxification outcomes. Abrupt cessation is associated with adverse events, such as seizures, yet no standardized withdrawal scales or treatment regimens exist. This study describes the clinical and demographic characteristics of people undergoing specialist inpatient gabapentinoid detoxification in a large, regional unit in Manchester, United Kingdom, and explores predictors of treatment outcome. The sample included all patients (<i>n</i> = 38) admitted for gabapentinoid detoxification between years 2017-2022. Clinical data were analyzed using a retrospective observational cohort design to explore associations between baseline characteristics and outcomes. We hypothesized that people undergoing multiple detoxifications and/or detoxification for illicit gabapentinoid use would be more likely to have negative outcomes. This is the largest cohort undergoing inpatient detoxification from gabapentinoids studied till date. The majority were male, White British, unemployed, straight, with a mean age of 38.9 (SD = 8.9), and required detoxification from multiple substances (<i>n</i> = 35). The majority completed detoxification successfully. Relapse (<i>p</i> < .001), complications (<i>p</i> = .001), personality disorders (<i>p</i> = .034), a concurrent benzodiazepine (<i>p</i> = .011) or opioid detoxification (<i>p</i> = .025) were significantly associated with an incomplete detoxification. Illicit use of pregabalin, and multiple concurrent detoxifications were not related to outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine Prevalence of Psychoactive Substances, Nicotine Exposure and Associated Factors Among Commercial Drivers. An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Gloria Amegatcher, Solomon Awiagah, Emmaculate Apogbila Nyaabire, Felix Ofori, Joshua Anzagra Dery, Magnus Zolideme Dogoli, Eric Mishio Bawa, Marjorie Ntiwaa Quarchie, Marian Griffin, Jamilatu Toyibu, Cornelius Elikem Fiawotso, Abdul Salam Abdul Fattah, Raiyana Ismail Lamin, Charles Nkansah, Gabriel Abbam, Samuel Kwasi Appiah, Martin Awe Akilla, Moses Banyeh","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2696250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2696250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Earlier studies have documented psychoactive substance use and nicotine exposure among commercial drivers in Ghana. However, those studies relied solely on self-reported questionnaires, which are prone to recall and response bias. This study aimed to provide a more accurate estimate by using a chromatographic immunoassay urine drug test. This exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2024 in the Tamale metropolitan area of Ghana. The study included 70 consenting commercial drivers aged from 26 to 78 years. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and occupational factors were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Urine samples were then obtained from the participants and tested for Amphetamine (AMP), Barbiturates (BAR), Benzodiazepines (BZO), Cocaine (COC), Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Morphine (MOP), Opiates (OPI), nicotine exposure using Cotinine (COT), Tramadol (TML), and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) using the 10-panel Multi-Drug One Step chromatographic immunoassay test kit. The total urine prevalence of psychoactive substances and nicotine exposure was 61.4%, consisting of COT (37.1%), THC (24.3%), BZO (11.4%), Tramadol (5.7%) and AMP (2.9%). While the self-reported smoking prevalence was 10%, the urine cotinine prevalence was 37.1%. In addition, 14(20%) of the urine samples tested positive for two substances. Contrary to expectations, commercial drivers with no history of accident were more likely to test positive for TML [AOR = 8.667(95%CI: 1.025-73.249)], or two substances [AOR = 5.000(95%CI: 1.051-23.789)]. The urine samples of commercial drivers tested positive for psychoactive substances and nicotine exposure. However, positivity for a psychoactive substance or nicotine exposure may not be associated with a history of road traffic accidents. Further studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Clusters of Peer Behaviors in Childhood and Relevance for Understanding Substance Use in Early Adolescence.","authors":"Thomas W Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2689027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2689027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peers have been found to be an important influence on adolescent behavior. However, there remains limited research examining childhood peer behaviors as predictors of later substance use. Examinations have not included full behavior profiles comprising both antisocial and prosocial peer behaviors. This study sought to identify latent clusters of peer behaviors during childhood and their relevance for understanding substance use. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset was analyzed. These data are composed of the full ABCD sample of 11,880 United States children aged 9-10 years at baseline and surveyed annually, with data collection beginning in 2017. A multistage cluster sampling methodology was used to collect data from catchment areas surrounding the 21 study sites. Latent class analysis was used to identify peer behavior clusters. Logistic regression was used to examine the relevance of childhood latent peer class assignment for predicting substance use in early adolescence. A three-class solution was identified (neutral, prosocial and antisocial peers, prosocial peers). Assignment to the prosocial and pntisocial peers peer class predicted increased substance use risk. Findings indicate that youth with peers involved in both prosocial and antisocial behaviors in childhood present the highest risk for substance use in early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelic Use, Microdosing, Motives, and Information and Product Sources Among Young Adults in the United States.","authors":"Carla J Berg, Darcey M McCready, Cassidy R LoParco, Laura C Schubel, Katelyn F Romm, Shriya Thakkar, Jessica Williams, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg, Y Tony Yang","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2685527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2685527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the increases in psychedelic use, we examined correlates of psychedelic use and use motives among US young adults. In 2025, adults ages 18-34 (<i>n</i> = 3,227; M_age = 26.38, ~50% past-month cannabis use by design) completed an online survey. Multivariable regression assessed sociodemographics, mental health, and adverse childhood events (ACEs) in relation to: (1) past-year psychedelic use; and (2) among those reporting lifetime use: (a) lifetime microdosing and (b) use motives. Lifetime and past-year psychedelic use were 27.7% and 11.9% (commonly psilocybin/amanita, MDMA, and LSD); 48.8% used only for nonmedical purposes. Of those reporting lifetime use, 26.5% ever microdosed. Correlates of use-related outcomes varied: (1) lifetime use: older, male (vs female), Black (vs White), metropolitan/urban (vs rural), more depressive symptoms and ACEs; (2) microdosing: not having children, more anxiety symptoms and ACEs; (3) higher expansion motives: male, White (vs Asian), more anxiety symptoms and ACEs; (4) higher mood/social enhancement motives: more depressive symptoms; and (5) higher symptom management motives: male, Hispanic, more depressive symptoms and ACEs. Despite half using exclusively for nonmedical purposes, mental health symptoms and ACEs were associated with use, microdosing, and higher use motives. Understanding the role of mental health across sociodemographic groups is necessary to address possible adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}