Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"Evidence for Significant Skew and Low Heritability of Competitive Male Mating Success in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti","authors":"Claudia A. S. Wyer,&nbsp;Vladimir Trajanovikj,&nbsp;Brian Hollis,&nbsp;Alongkot Ponlawat,&nbsp;Lauren J. Cator","doi":"10.1111/eva.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <i>Aedes aegpyti</i> mosquitoes are vectors of several viruses of major public health importance, and many new control strategies target mating behaviour. Mating in this species occurs in swarms characterised by male scramble competition and female choice. These mating swarms have a male-biased operational sex ratio, which is expected to generate intense competition among males for mating opportunities. However, it is not known what proportion of swarming males successfully mate with females, how many females each male is able to mate with, and to what extent any variation in the male mating success phenotype can be explained by genetic variation. Here, we describe a novel assay to quantify individual male mating success in the presence of operational sex ratios characteristic of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>. Our results demonstrate that male mating success is skewed. Most males do not mate despite multiple opportunities, and very few males mate with multiple females. We compared measures of male mating success between fathers and sons and between full siblings to estimate the heritability of the trait in the narrow <span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <annotation>\u0000$$ left({h}^2right) $$\u0000</annotation>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math> and broad <span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <annotation>\u0000$$ left({H}^2right) $$\u0000</annotation>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math> sense, respectively. We found significant broad sense heritability estimates but little evidence for additive genetic effects, suggesting a role for dominance or epistatic effects and/or larval rearing environment in male mating success. These findings enhance our understanding of sexual selection in this species and have important implications for mass-release programmes that rely on the release of competitive males.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Development of the Trojan Female Technique in Pest Insects: Male-Specific Influence of Mitochondrial Haplotype on Reproductive Output in the Seed Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus","authors":"Lea Vlajnić,&nbsp;Uroš Savković,&nbsp;Jelena Jović,&nbsp;Sanja Budečević,&nbsp;Biljana Stojković,&nbsp;Mirko Đorđević","doi":"10.1111/eva.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biocontrol techniques that impair reproductive capacity of insect pests provide opportunities to control the dynamics of their populations while minimizing collateral damage to non-target species and the environment. The Trojan Female Technique, or TFT, is a method of the trans-generational fertility-based population control through the release of females that carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that negatively affect male, but not female, reproductive output. TFT is based on the evolutionary hypothesis that, due to maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mutations which are beneficial or neutral in females but harmful in males can accumulate in the mitochondrial genome without selection acting against them. Although TFT has been theoretically substantiated, empirical work to date has focused only on <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations, while the existence of male-biased mutations and the TFT approach in economically important pest species remain unexplored. Here, we examined the sex-specific effects of three distinct and naturally occurring mitochondrial haplotypes (MG1a, MG1d, and MG3b) on several reproductive and life history traits in the seed beetle <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>. Our results revealed that males harboring the MG3b mitotype exhibited lower early fecundity and fertility, while there were no effects on females or longevity in either sex. Our experiments provide support for the existence of the mitochondrial variant that specifically impairs male reproductive output in pest insects. These results can be harnessed to further develop TFT as a novel form of biocontrol with broad applicability to economic pests and disease vector insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution in Response to Management Increases Invasiveness Among Experimental Populations of Duckweed (Lemna minor)","authors":"Taylor A. Zallek,&nbsp;Martin M. Turcotte","doi":"10.1111/eva.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous management methods are deployed to try to mitigate the destructive impact of weedy and invasive populations. Yet, such management practices may cause these populations to inadvertently evolve in ways that have consequence on their invasiveness. To test this idea, we conducted a two-step field mesocosm experiment; we evolved genetically diverse populations of the duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> to targeted removal management and then tested the impact of that evolution in replicated invasions into experimental resident communities. We found that evolution in response to management increased invasiveness compared to populations evolved without management. This evolution in response to management had little effect on the impact of the invader on the resident species. These results illustrate the potential eco-evolutionary consequences of management practices. Mitigating evolution to physical removal, in addition to pesticides, may be important to the long-term success of integrated pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels and Spatial Patterns of Effective Population Sizes in the Southern Damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale): On the Need to Carefully Interpret Single-Point and Temporal Estimations to Set Conservation Guidelines","authors":"Agathe Lévêque,&nbsp;Anne Duputié,&nbsp;Vincent Vignon,&nbsp;Fabien Duez,&nbsp;Cécile Godé,&nbsp;Clément Mazoyer,&nbsp;Jean-François Arnaud","doi":"10.1111/eva.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effective population size (<i>N</i>_e) is a key parameter in conservation and evolutionary biology, reflecting the strength of genetic drift and inbreeding. Although demographic estimations of <i>N</i>_e are logistically and time-consuming, genetic methods have become more widely used due to increasing data availability. Nonetheless, accurately estimating <i>N</i>_e remains challenging, with few studies comparing <i>N</i>_e estimates across molecular markers types and estimators such as single-sample methods based on linkage disequilibrium or sibship analyses versus methods based on temporal variance in allele frequencies. This study aims at bridging this gap by analysing single-sample and temporally spaced populations in the southern damselfly (<i>Coenagrion mercuriale</i>), a bioindicator Odonata species of conservation concern found in southwestern Europe's freshwater stream networks. A total of 77 local populations were sampled from a semi-urbanised area located in eastern France near Strasbourg city, yielding 2842 individuals that were genotyped with microsatellites and 958 of which were also genotyped for 2092 SNPs. Spatial genetic structure was stable over time, suggesting porosity between alternate-year cohorts. When accounting for spatial genetic structure, single-sample and temporal estimations of <i>N</i>_e were consistent for each set of molecular markers. Biologically meaningful results were obtained when the effect of migration was minimising by considering metapopulation <i>N</i>_e estimates based on the level of genetic differentiation and population boundaries. In terms of applied conservation and management, most depicted metapopulations displayed large <i>N</i>_e, indicating no immediate need for conservation measures to mitigate anthropogenic pressures, provided that a continuous suitable freshwater network is maintained. However, urbanisation negatively impacted <i>N</i>_e levels in populations close to Strasbourg city. Because <i>N</i>_e is used to inform conservation decisions, caution is crucial in interpreting <i>N</i>_e estimates, especially in continuously distributed populations undergoing migration. Altogether, our study highlights the challenge of obtaining robust <i>N</i>_e estimates and the necessity of careful interpretation to set relevant conservation guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Evidence for the Purging of Deleterious Genetic Variation in the Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale","authors":"Richard W. Orton,&nbsp;Philip K. Hamilton,&nbsp;Timothy R. Frasier","doi":"10.1111/eva.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduced genetic diversity and frequent inbreeding associated with small population size may underpin the accumulation and expression of deleterious mutations (mutation load) in some declining populations. However, demographic perturbations and inbreeding coupled with purifying selection can also purge declining populations of deleterious mutations, leading to intriguing recoveries. To better understand the links between deleterious genetic variation and population status, we assess patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and mutation load across the genomes of three species of <i>Balaenidae</i> whale with different demographic histories and recoveries following the end of commercial whaling in the 1980s. Unlike bowhead (BH) and Southern right whales (SRW), which show signs of recent recovery, reproductive rates of the endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW) remain lower than expected. We show that the NARW is currently marked by low genetic diversity, historical inbreeding, and a high mutation load. Still, we reveal evidence that genetic purging has reduced the frequency of highly deleterious alleles in NARW, which could increase chances of future population recovery. We also identify a suite of mutations putatively linked to congenital defects that occur at high frequencies in nulliparous NARW females but are rare in NARW with high reproductive success. These same mutations are nearly absent in BH and SRW in this study, suggesting that the purging of key variants may shape the probability of population recovery. As anthropogenic disturbances continue to reduce the sizes of many populations in nature, resolving the links between population dynamics and mutation load could become increasingly important.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary View of Liver Pathology","authors":"Katalin Dezső,&nbsp;Sándor Paku,&nbsp;Mária-Manuela Juhász,&nbsp;László Kóbori,&nbsp;Péter Nagy","doi":"10.1111/eva.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evolutionary medicine emerged in the late twentieth century, integrating principles of natural selection and adaptation with the health sciences. Today, with a rapidly widening gap between the biology of <i>Homo sapiens</i> and its environment, maladaptation or maladaptive disorders can be detected in almost all diseases, including liver dysfunction. However, in hepatology, as in most medical specialties, evolutionary considerations are neglected because the majority of the medical community is not familiar with evolutionary principles. The aim of this brief review is to highlight an evolutionary approach that may facilitate understanding various liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Representation and Whole-Genome Sequencing Approaches Highlight Beluga Whale Populations Associated to Eastern Canada Summer Aggregations","authors":"Luca Montana,&nbsp;Trevor T. Bringloe,&nbsp;Audrey Bourret,&nbsp;Caroline Sauvé,&nbsp;Arnaud Mosnier,&nbsp;Steven H. Ferguson,&nbsp;Lianne Postma,&nbsp;Véronique Lesage,&nbsp;Cortney A. Watt,&nbsp;Mike O. Hammill,&nbsp;Geneviève J. Parent","doi":"10.1111/eva.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective conservation strategies inherently depend on preserving populations, which in turn requires accurate tools for their detection. Beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>) inhabit the circumpolar Arctic and form discrete summer aggregations. Previous genetic studies using mitochondrial and microsatellite loci have delineated distinct populations associated to summer aggregations but the extent of dispersal and interbreeding among these populations remains largely unknown. Such information is essential for the conservation of populations in Canada as some are endangered and harvested for subsistence by Inuit communities. Here, we used reduced representation and whole-genome sequencing approaches to characterize population structure of beluga whales in eastern Canada and examine admixture between populations. A total of 905 beluga whales sampled between 1989 and 2021 were genotyped. Six main genomic clusters, with potential subclusters, were identified using multiple proxies for population structure. Most of the six main genomic clusters were consistent with previously identified populations, except in southeast Hudson Bay where two clusters were identified. Beluga summer aggregations may consequently be comprised of more than one distinct population. A low number of dispersers were identified between summer aggregations and limited interbreeding was detected between the six genomic clusters. Our work highlights the value of genomic approaches to improve our understanding of population structure and reproductive behavior in beluga whales, offering insights applicable to other cetacean species of conservation concern. An expansion of the geographical scope and increase in number of genotyped individuals will, however, be needed to improve the characterization of the finer scale structure and of the extent of admixture between populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Conservation Strategies for California Channel Island Oak (Quercus tomentella) Using Climate Suitability Predicted From Genomic Data","authors":"Alayna Mead,&nbsp;Sorel Fitz-Gibbon,&nbsp;John Knapp,&nbsp;Victoria L. Sork","doi":"10.1111/eva.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Management strategies, such as assisted gene flow, can increase resilience to climate change in tree populations. Knowledge of evolutionary history and genetic structure of species are needed to assess the risks and benefits of different strategies. <i>Quercus tomentella</i>, or Island Oak, is a rare oak restricted to six Channel Islands in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico. Previous work has shown that Island Oaks on each island are genetically differentiated, but it is unclear whether assisted gene flow could enable populations to tolerate future climates. We performed whole-genome sequencing on Island Oak individuals and <i>Q. chrysolepis</i>, a closely related species that hybridizes with Island Oak (127 total), to characterize genetic structure and introgression across its range and assess the relationship between genomic variation and climate. We introduce and assess three potential management strategies with different trade-offs between conserving historic genetic structure and enabling populations to survive changing climates: the status quo approach; ecosystem preservation approach, which conserves the trees and their associated biodiversity; and species preservation approach, which conserves the species. We compare the impact of these approaches on predicted maladaptation to climate using Gradient Forest. We also introduce a climate suitability index to identify optimal pairs of seed sources and planting sites for approaches involving assisted gene flow. We found one island (Santa Rosa) that could benefit from the ecosystem preservation approach and also serve as a species preservation site. Overall, we find that both the ecosystem and species preservation approaches will do better than the status quo approach. If preserving Island Oak ecosystems is the goal, assisted dispersal into multiple sites could produce adapted populations. If the goal is to preserve a species, the Santa Rosa population would be suitable. This case study both illustrates viable conservation strategies for Island Oak and introduces a framework for tree conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications of Estimating Hatchery Introgression in the Face of Rapid Divergence: A Case Study in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","authors":"Bradley Erdman,&nbsp;Wesley Larson,&nbsp;Matthew G. Mitro,&nbsp;Joanna D. T. Griffin,&nbsp;David Rowe,&nbsp;Justin Haglund,&nbsp;Kirk Olson,&nbsp;Michael T. Kinnison","doi":"10.1111/eva.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish stocking has been utilized for over a century to offset extirpations or declines in abundance of many native species. These historical declines and hatchery contributions have led to uncertainty surrounding whether many contemporary populations are native, introgressed with hatchery sources, or entirely of hatchery origin. Such uncertainty is problematic for the conservation of native biodiversity as it hampers management agencies' ability to prioritize the conservation of indigenous locally adapted populations. Fortunately, genetic and genomic tools have allowed researchers to investigate these questions, often through the use of clustering or assignment approaches that are predicated on identifiable and consistent divergence between native populations and hatchery sources. Here, we apply these methods to restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) data from 643 brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) originating from 13 wild populations and an exogenous hatchery strain to investigate the extent of historical extirpations, hatchery contributions, and processes affecting population structure in a small area of the previously unglaciated Driftless Area of Wisconsin, USA. The results from these analyses suggest that wild populations in this region are genetically distinct even at small spatial scales, lack strong hydrologically associated population structure, rarely exchange gene flow, and have small effective population sizes. Furthermore, wild populations are substantially diverged from known hatchery strains and show minimal evidence of introgression in clustering analyses. However, we demonstrate through empirically informed simulations that distinct wild populations may potentially be hatchery-founded and have since diverged through rapid genetic drift. Collectively, the apparent lack of hydrological population structure and potential for rapid drift in the Driftless Area suggest that many native populations may have been historically extirpated and refounded by stocking events. If this is the case, then commonly used genomic clustering methods and their associated model selection criteria may result in underestimation of hatchery introgression in the face of rapid drift.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Signatures of Contrasted Outbreak Histories of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”, the Bacterium That Causes Citrus Huanglongbing, in Three Outermost Regions of the European Union","authors":"Olivier Pruvost,&nbsp;Karine Boyer,&nbsp;Frédéric Labbé,&nbsp;Marine Weishaar,&nbsp;Anaïs Vynisale,&nbsp;Claire Melot,&nbsp;Cécile Hoareau,&nbsp;Gilles Cellier,&nbsp;Virginie Ravigné","doi":"10.1111/eva.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an era of trade globalization and climate change, crop pathogens and pests are a genuine threat to food security. The detailed characterization of emerging pathogen populations is a prerequisite for managing invasive species pathways and designing sustainable disease control strategies. Huanglongbing is the disease that causes the most damage to citrus, a crop that ranks #1 worldwide in terms of fruit production. Huanglongbing can be caused by three species of the phloem-limited alpha-proteobacterium, “<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter,” which are transmitted by psyllids. Two of these bacteria are of highest concern, “<i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter asiaticus” and “<i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter africanus,” and have distinct thermal optima. These pathogens are unculturable, which complicates their high-throughput genetic characterization. In the present study, we used several genotyping techniques and an extensive sample collection to characterize <i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter populations associated with the emergence of huanglongbing in three French outermost regions of the European Union (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion). The outbreaks were primarily caused by “<i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter asiaticus,” as “<i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter africanus” was only found at a single location in Réunion. We emphasize the low diversity and high genetic relatedness between samples from Guadeloupe and Martinique, which suggests the putative movement of the pathogen between the two islands and/or the independent introduction of closely related strains. These samples were markedly different from the samples from Réunion, where the higher genetic diversity revealed by tandem-repeat markers suggests that the disease was probably overlooked for years before being officially identified in 2015. We show that “<i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter asiaticus” occurs from sea level to an altitude of 950 m above sea level and lacks spatial structure. This suggests the pathogen's medium- to long-distance movement. We also suggest that backyard trees acted as relays for disease spread. We discuss the implications of population biology data for surveillance and management of this threatful disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}