Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"Connections Across Open Water: A Bi-Organelle, Genomics-Scale Assessment of Atlantic-Wide Population Dynamics in a Pelagic, Endangered Apex Predator Shark (<i>Isurus oxyrinchus</i>).","authors":"Andrea M Bernard, Marissa R Mehlrose, Kimberly A Finnegan, Bradley M Wetherbee, Mahmood S Shivji","doi":"10.1111/eva.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-bodied pelagic sharks are key regulators of oceanic ecosystem stability, but highly impacted by severe overfishing. One such species, the shortfin mako shark (<i>Isurus oxyrinchus</i>), a globally widespread, highly migratory predator, has undergone dramatic population reductions and is now Endangered (IUCN Red List), with Atlantic Ocean mako sharks in particular assessed by fishery managers as overfished and in need of urgent, improved management attention. Genomic-scale population assessments for this apex predator species have not been previously available to inform management planning; thus, we investigated the population genetics of mako sharks across the Atlantic using a bi-organelle genomics approach. Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences and genome-wide SNPs from sharks distributed across the Atlantic revealed contrasting patterns of population structure across marker types. Consistent with this species' long-distance migratory capabilities, SNPs showed high connectivity and Atlantic panmixia overall. In contrast, there was matrilineal population genetic structure across Northern and Southern Hemispheres, suggesting at least large regional-scale female philopatry. Linkage disequilibrium network analysis indicated that makos possess a chromosomal inversion that occurs Atlantic wide, a genome feature that may be informative for evolutionary investigations concerning adaptations and the global history of this iconic species. Mitogenome diversity in Atlantic makos was high compared to other elasmobranchs assessed at the mitogenome level, and nuclear diversity was high compared to the two other, highly migratory pelagic shark species assessed with SNPs. These results support management efforts for shortfin makos on at least Northern versus Southern Hemisphere scales to preserve their matrilineal genetic distinctiveness. The overall comparative genetic diversity findings provide a baseline for future comparative assessments and monitoring of genetic diversity, as called for by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, and cautious optimism regarding the health and recovery potential of Atlantic shortfin makos if further population declines can be halted.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do Trematodes Induce Cancer? A Possible Evolutionary Adaptation of an Oncogenic Agent Transmitted by Flukes.","authors":"Péter Apari, Gábor Földvári","doi":"10.1111/eva.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is strong epidemiological evidence that development of various cancer types is linked to infection with flukes (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The exact nature of the mechanism by which cancer is induced by these parasites is unknown. Here, we provide a new hypothesis suggesting that flukes are not the primary cause of cancer but act as vectors of cancer-inducing microbial pathogens. These pathogens adaptively induce tumours to attract and help flukes to feed on blood from the tumour. Pathogen take-up by fluke vectors also takes place in the tumour; therefore, tumour formation in this case is the result of a mutualistic and adaptive relationship between the microbe and the helminth parasite. The suggested mechanism for cancer induction provided here may help us gain deeper understanding about cancer in general and its relationship with microbes and parasites. By further elaborating the unique nexus between flukes, carcinogenic microbes and cancer, in the future it will also help us to broaden our oncological perspective to reduce human death and suffering from this serious disease group.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverged Populations Admixture Bolsters Genetic Diversity of a New Island Dibbler (<i>Parantechinus apicalis</i>) Population, but Does Not Prevent Subsequent Loss of Genetic Variation.","authors":"Rujiporn Thavornkanlapachai, Harriet R Mills, Kym Ottewell, Cathy Lambert, J Anthony Friend, Daniel J White, Zahra Aisya, W Jason Kennington","doi":"10.1111/eva.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translocating individuals from multiple source populations is one way to bolster genetic variation and avoid inbreeding in newly established populations. However, mixing isolated populations, especially from islands, can potentially lead to outbreeding depression and/or assortative mating, which may limit interbreeding between source populations. Here, we investigated genetic consequences of mixing individuals from two island populations of the dibbler (<i>Parantechinus apicalis</i>) in an island translocation. Despite a high level of genetic divergence between the source populations (<i>F</i> _ST ranges 0.33-0.64), and significant differences in body size, individuals with different ancestries were able to successfully interbreed in captivity and in the wild. However, the genetic contributions from each source population were unequal initially despite each of the source populations contributing an equal number of founders. Mating success of captive animals based on the pedigree suggests that this bias toward one source population was due to founder mortality and the mating success of younger and heavier animals. Nevertheless, genetic contributions in the translocated population became equal over time with no parental purebreds, suggesting an extreme excess of hybrids across multiple years. While genetic variation in the translocated population was comparable or higher than the source populations, the increase was short-lived. Genetic composition of captive animals may not reflect what happens in the wild. These changes post-translocation highlight the need for continued genetic monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Changes in Effective Population Size in an Expanding Metapopulation of Eurasian Otters.","authors":"Nia Evelyn Thomas, Elizabeth A Chadwick, Michael W Bruford, Frank Hailer","doi":"10.1111/eva.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conservation efforts are leading to demographic growth and spatial expansion of some previously endangered species. However, past population bottlenecks or population size fluctuations can have lasting effects on effective population size (<i>N</i> _e), even when census size (<i>N</i> _c) appears large or recovered. The UK metapopulation of Eurasian otters (<i>Lutra lutra</i>) has a well-documented history of population recovery over recent decades, with indicators of presence (faeces and footprints) increasing in distribution and number over successive national surveys. To determine whether this increase in <i>N</i> _c is reflected in increased <i>N</i> _e, we analysed a large-scale microsatellite dataset (21 years: 1993-2014; 407 individuals) for signals of recent <i>N</i> _e change using BOTTLENECK and LDNe, and evaluated potential biases associated with unaccounted spatial genetic structuring and inclusion of admixed genotypes. We obtained clear bottleneck signals in East England, and signals of recent population expansion in Wales and South West England in some analyses, consistent with national otter surveys and recent findings from whole-genome sequencing. Analyses that did not account for spatial genetic structuring yielded strong spurious signals of United Kingdom-wide population expansion, and <i>N</i> _e estimates from these analyses were suppressed by a factor of 3-4. Inclusion of admixed individuals had weaker impacts on <i>N</i> _e estimates, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals from different analyses. Notably, total <i>N</i> _e summed across regions was small and well below the <i>N</i> _e = 500 size deemed necessary for long-term population viability (sum of river basin district groups: 170.6, 95% C.I.: 102.1-348.3). Conclusions drawn from UK otter surveys, which had suggested a robust population close to panmixia, are therefore not supported by our genetic evidence. Our study highlights the value of including genetic monitoring of endangered or recovering species in monitoring plans, while also providing methodologically important information about <i>N</i> _e estimation from real-world datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-Scale Genetic Structure of Small Fish Populations in Islands: The Case of Brook Charr <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> (Mitchill, 1814) in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (France).","authors":"Julie Viana, Guillaume Evanno, Céline Audet, Fabrice Teletchea","doi":"10.1111/eva.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Island ecosystems, particularly vulnerable to environmental challenges, host many endangered native species. Diadromous fish, in particular, are threatened throughout their marine and freshwater habitats. The conservation of these species requires an in-depth understanding of their genetic diversity and structure, to better understand their adaptive potential. We investigated fine-scale population diversity and structure in native brook charr (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) by genotyping 10 microsatellite <i>loci</i> in 244 individuals at three spatial scales in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, France. We found limited genetic variability across the archipelago, with particularly low genetic diversity in one island, Langlade. A significant difference in allelic richness was also detected among the three islands, indicating a difference in genetic composition across the archipelago, probably induced by historical stocking actions on both Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Finally, a strong genetic structure was detected across the archipelago among hydrosystems (overall <i>F</i> _ST = 0.19) and even within several of them. The presence of predominant interisland gene flow combined with complete genetic isolation from certain hydrosystems suggests that this contemporary genetic structure is the result of both natural demographic processes during the species postglacial colonization and recent restocking actions. The complex genetic structure of such isolated brook charr subpopulations highlights the importance of considering fine-scale genetic structure in conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects.","authors":"Melissa M Marr, Emily Humble, Peter W W Lurz, Liam A Wilson, Elspeth Milne, Katie M Beckmann, Jeffrey Schoenebeck, Uva-Yu-Yan Fung, Andrew C Kitchener, Kenny Kortland, Colin Edwards, Rob Ogden","doi":"10.1111/eva.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remnant populations of endangered species often have complex demographic histories associated with human impact. This can present challenges for conservation as populations modified by human activity may require bespoke management. The Eurasian red squirrel, <i>Sciurus vulgaris</i> (L., 1758), is endangered in the UK. Scotland represents a key stronghold, but Scottish populations have been subjected to intense anthropogenic influence, including widespread extirpations, reintroductions and competition from an invasive species. This study examined the genetic legacy of these events through low coverage whole-genome resequencing of 106 red squirrels. Previously undetected patterns of population structure and gene flow were uncovered. One offshore island, four mainland Scottish populations, and a key east-coast migration corridor were observed. An abrupt historical population bottleneck, related to extreme founder effects, has led to a severe and prolonged depression in genome-wide heterozygosity, which is amongst the lowest reported for any species. Current designated red squirrel conservation stronghold locations do not encompass all existing diversity. These findings highlight the genetic legacies of past anthropogenic influence on long-term diversity in endangered taxa. Continuing management interventions and regular genetic monitoring are recommended to safeguard and improve future diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Host Immunity and Concurrent Ozone Stress: Strain-Resolved Metagenomics Reveals Maintenance of Intraspecific Diversity and Genetic Variation in <i>Xanthomonas</i> on Pepper.","authors":"Amanpreet Kaur, Ivory Russell, Ranlin Liu, Auston Holland, Rishi Bhandari, Neha Potnis","doi":"10.1111/eva.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolving threat of new pathogen variants in the face of global environmental changes poses a risk to a sustainable crop production. Predicting and responding to how climate change affects plant-pathosystems is challenging, as environment affects host-pathogen interactions from molecular to the community level, and with eco-evolutionary feedbacks at play. To address this knowledge gap, we studied short-term within-host eco-evolutionary changes in the pathogen, <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>, on resistant and susceptible pepper in the open-top chambers (OTCs) under elevated Ozone (O₃) conditions in a single growing season. We observed increased disease severity with greater variance on the resistant cultivar under elevated O₃, yet no apparent change on the susceptible cultivar. Despite the dominance of a single pathogen genotype on the susceptible cultivar, the resistant cultivar supported a heterogeneous pathogen population. Altered O₃ levels led to a strain turnover, with a relatively greater gene flux on the resistant cultivar. Both standing genetic variation and de novo parallel mutations contributed toward evolutionary modifications during adaptation onto the resistant cultivar. The presence of elevated O₃, however, led to a relatively higher genetic polymorphism, with random and transient mutations. Population heterogeneity along with genetic variation, and the promotion of interdependency are mechanisms by which pathogen responds to stressors. While parallel mutations may provide clues to predicting long-term pathogen evolution and adaptive potential. And, a high proportion of transient mutations suggest less predictable pathogen evolution under climatic alterations. This knowledge is relevant as we study the risk of pathogen emergence and the mechanisms and constraints underlying long-term pathogen adaptation under climatic shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates.","authors":"Bárbara Ribeiro Parreira, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Lounès Chikhi","doi":"10.1111/eva.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most methods currently used to infer the \"demographic history of species\" interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data. This could be problematic since an increasing number of studies have shown that population structure can generate spurious signatures of population size change. Here, we simulate microsatellite data from a species subdivided into social groups where reproduction occurs according to different mating systems (monogamy, polygynandry, and polygyny). We estimate the effective population size (<i>N</i> _e) and quantify the effect of social structure on estimates of changes in <i>N</i> _e. We analyze the simulated data with two widely used methods for demographic inference. The first approach, BOTTLENECK, tests whether the samples are at mutation-drift equilibrium and thus whether a single <i>N</i> _e can be estimated. The second approach, msvar, aims at quantifying and dating changes in <i>N</i> _e. We find that social structure may lead to signals of departure from mutation-drift equilibrium including signals of expansion and bottlenecks. We also find that expansion signals may be observed under simple stationary Wright-Fisher models with low diversity. Since small populations tend to characterize many endangered species, we stress that methods trying to infer <i>N</i> _e should be interpreted with care and validated with simulated data incorporating information about structure. Spurious expansion signals due to social structure can mask critical population size changes. These can obscure true bottleneck events and be particularly problematic in endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Rescue of the Dinaric Lynx Population: Insights for Conservation From Genetic Monitoring and Individual-Based Modelling.","authors":"Elena Pazhenkova, Matej Bartol, Barbara Boljte, Urša Fležar, Andrea Gazzola, Tomislav Gomerčić, Marjeta Konec, Ivan Kos, Miha Krofel, Jakub Kubala, Ladislav Paule, Mihai Pop, Hubert Potočnik, Barbara Promberger, Robin Rigg, Teodora Sin, Magda Sindičić, Vedran Slijepčević, Astrid Vik Stronen, Ira Topličanec, Tomaž Skrbinšek","doi":"10.1111/eva.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inbreeding depression poses a severe threat to small populations, leading to the fixation of deleterious mutations and decreased survival probability. While the establishment of natural gene flow between populations is an ideal long-term solution, its practical implementation is often challenging. Reinforcement of populations by translocating individuals from larger populations is a viable strategy for reducing inbreeding, increasing genetic diversity and potentially saving populations from extinction. The Dinaric population of Eurasian lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) has faced high inbreeding levels, with effective inbreeding reaching 0.316 in 2019, endangering the population's survival. To counteract this, population reinforcement was implemented between 2019 and 2023, involving the translocation of 12 individuals from the Carpathian Mountains to the Dinaric Mountains of Slovenia and Croatia. We conducted comprehensive genetic monitoring in this area, gathering 588 non-invasive and tissue samples, which were used for individual identification and estimation of population genetic parameters. We used stochastic modelling to assess the long-term viability of the Dinaric lynx population post-translocation and formulate effective conservation strategies. The model predicts that, despite significant improvement of genetic diversity after translocations, inbreeding will return to critical levels within 45 years. Our results highlight the fact that reinforcement is just the first step and that long-term genetic management is needed to keep the population from sliding back towards extinction. The Dinaric lynx population serves as a compelling example of genetic rescue. The lessons learnt here will be essential for ensuring the viability of the Dinaric lynx in the future and also provide a useful template for conservation of other populations and species facing similar threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Introgression Between Critically Endangered and Stable Species of Darwin's Tree Finches on the Galapagos Islands.","authors":"Rachael Y Dudaniec, Sonu Yadav, Julian Catchen, Sonia Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1111/eva.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence for beneficial genes being introgressed into or selected for in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin's tree finches on the island of Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), the Critically Endangered medium tree finch (<i>Camarhynchus pauper</i>) undergoes introgression with the stable small tree finch (<i>Camarhynchus parvulus</i>), and hybrids regularly backcross with <i>C. parvulus.</i> Earlier studies in 2005-2013 documented an increase in the frequency of <i>Camarhynchus</i> hybridisation on Floreana using field-based and microsatellite data. With single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from the same Floreana tree finches sampled in 2005 and 2013 (<i>n</i> = 95), we examine genome-wide divergence across parental and hybrid birds and evidence for selection in hybrids. We found that just 18% of previously assigned hybrid birds based on microsatellites could be assigned to hybrids using SNPs. Over half of the previously assigned hybrids (63%) were reassigned to <i>C. parvulus,</i> though parental species showed concordance with prior assignments. Of 4869 private alleles found in hybrid birds, 348 were at a high frequency (≥ 0.30) that exceeded their parental species of origin 89%-96% of the time. For private alleles detected in both years (<i>N</i> = 536) between 11%-76% of alleles underwent a frequency increase and 13%-61% a frequency decrease between 2005 and 2013, which was sensitive to sampling effort. We identified 28 private alleles that were candidates under selection via local PCA and outlier tests. Alleles were annotated to genes associated with inflammation, immunity, brain function and development. We provide evidence that introgression among a critically endangered and stable species of Darwin's tree finch across years may aid in the retention of adaptive alleles and genetic diversity in birds threatened with extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"e70066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}