Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"Extreme Mobility Creates Contrasting Patterns of Panmixia, Isolation-by-Distance and Hybridization in Four Flying-Fox Species (Pteropus)","authors":"Armin Scheben,&nbsp;Adam McKeown,&nbsp;Tom Walsh,&nbsp;David A. Westcott,&nbsp;Suzanne S. Metcalfe,&nbsp;Eric P. Vanderduys,&nbsp;Bruce L. Webber","doi":"10.1111/eva.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shifts between population connectivity and isolation shape evolutionary divergence, but their effects remain underexplored in highly mobile taxa. Flying-foxes (<i>Pteropus</i>) are a compelling model to study evolutionary divergence because of their rapid radiation in the island-rich region of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Here, we investigate the population genetics of the highly mobile flying-foxes <i>Pteropus alecto</i>, <i>P. conspicillatus</i>, <i>P. poliocephalus</i>, and <i>P. scapulatus</i> across large parts of their overlapping ranges in Australia, Indonesia, and New Guinea. Using reduced-representation sequencing of 242 individuals, we examined the extent to which panmixia, isolation-by-distance, and hybridization are prevalent in these lineages. Phylogenetic, principal component, and demographic analyses indicated isolation-by-distance in <i>P. alecto</i>, including an unexpected east–west genetic split between Australian populations, whereas <i>P. conspicillatus</i> showed weak differentiation between Australia and New Guinea, and <i>P. poliocephalus</i> and <i>P. scapulatus</i> were panmictic across Australia. We further found evidence that infrequent hybridization and asymmetric gene flow, predominantly from <i>P. conspicillatus</i> to <i>P. alecto</i>, have shaped these recently diverged species. Although gene flow connected sampled populations along the geographic chain spanning Indonesia, Australia, and New Guinea, our results did not confirm the hypothesis that <i>P. alecto</i> and <i>P. conspicillatus</i> form a ring species. Rather, demographic analyses supported recent secondary contact during the last 14,848–35,856 years after a period of isolation between <i>P. alecto</i> and <i>P. conspicillatus</i>. Together, our findings indicate that long-range connectivity and spatially heterogeneous restrictions on gene flow have shaped the evolution and diversification of flying-foxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Clocks Can Predict Age in the Largemouth Bass-Complex Despite Spatial and Sexual Variation","authors":"Steven T. Gardner,&nbsp;Daniel J. Daugherty,&nbsp;Dijar Lutz-Carrillo,&nbsp;Brenda Pracheil,&nbsp;Kristine N. Moody","doi":"10.1111/eva.70328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable fisheries rely on balancing harvests with ecological impacts. Despite the importance of species' demographic profiles, many assessments forgo age due to methodological complexities. Developing non-lethal methods for age determination can improve stock assessments to ensure future sustainability. Epigenetic signals, specifically DNA methylation, are dynamic and considered to be associated with decreasing genomic stability with age. Subsequently, the modelling of methylation percentages at CpG loci has been utilized to accurately predict chronological age in many organisms, including several fish species. We examined the influence of age (1–14 years), location (Texas versus Tennessee), and sex on DNA methylation patterns of members of the largemouth bass-complex (LBc), consisting of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus nigricans</i>), Florida bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>), and their resulting hybrids, all recreational and commercially important species. As DNA methylation patterns are influenced by sex and environmental signals, we accounted for this when evaluating aging patterns in the LBc. Our results indicate global methylation patterns decrease with age, indicating potential genomic instability, and vary with sex and location. Non-random changes also occur involving physiological pathways of diverse function. Accounting for this variability, aging clocks using single or regions of CpG loci were derived from 124 LBc samples and validated using sets of naïve (<i>n</i> = 32) individuals, providing improved estimates over other non-lethal aging methods. Our results reveal insights into dynamic methylome patterns in the LBc, and when accounting for variability, informative and accurate age estimations can be determined with non-lethal molecular methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness Regulates Non-Native Species Recovery in a Simulated Trojan MYY Brook Trout Application","authors":"K. Davenport,&nbsp;D. Alò,&nbsp;C. C. Day,&nbsp;R. K. Simmons,&nbsp;E. L. Landguth,&nbsp;A. R. Whiteley","doi":"10.1111/eva.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trojan Y chromosome methodologies have been developed for bio-control of non-native freshwater fish. Individuals with an altered sex chromosome genotype are introduced into the environment to mate with wild conspecific and change the population sex ratios, with the goal of eradicating local populations. This strategy preserves native stocks and can be effective when other methods are impracticable. Applications employing Trojan males with two Y chromosomes (M_YY) to control non-natives have shown promise for eradication at small spatial scales when used with manual suppression. Failure to eradicate may have consequences for the fitness and resiliency of the recovering population and remains untested. Population bottlenecks due to suppression and M_YY introductions may cause inbreeding depression while admixture with hatchery M_YY may counteract inbreeding depression and result in outbreeding depression. We used a spatial demogenetic and individual-based simulation model to examine the fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding depression on the recovery of a non-native Brook Trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) population targeted for removal in northeastern Washington State, USA. Simulations predicted genetic and fitness consequences, as well as the extent and timing of population recovery following suppression and introduction of M_YY. We found that inbreeding depression rapidly decreased overall population size and outbreeding depression was important for counteracting the fitness advantage of admixture from genetically divergent M_YY. Additionally, combined effects of inbreeding and outbreeding depression prevented the population from recovering to pre-suppression abundance compared to each in isolation. This represents the first study demonstrating the demogenetic and fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding depression from a M_YY program when non-native species eradication is not achieved. Results suggest that the combination of negative fitness effects may limit the ability of the surviving non-native population to recover and reestablish once treatments cease, indicating that such treatments may be beneficial even if eradication is not ultimately achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Future Maladaptation Risk in the Keystone Species Populus tremuloides","authors":"Melanie Zacharias,&nbsp;Roos Goessen,&nbsp;Christian Wehenkel,&nbsp;Benjamin Marquis,&nbsp;Chen Ding,&nbsp;Fred Raley,&nbsp;Jerritt Nunneley,&nbsp;Nathalie Isabel,&nbsp;Ilga Porth","doi":"10.1111/eva.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the adaptive potential of widespread trees is critical for predicting species resilience under climate change and informing their conservation strategies. We assessed the genomic offset in <i>Populus tremuloides</i> Michx. (aspen) using 10,937 genotyping-by-sequencing derived, high-quality SNPs from 891 individuals sampled across the species' range, from Mexico to both the eastern and western regions of North America. Gradient forest models were applied using multiple SNP datasets and climate scenarios, with the genomic offset standardized by aspen population genetic clusters and ecological regions to identify future habitat suitability (recipient importance) and potential sources of reproductive material (donor importance) for assisted migration. Moisture-related variables exerted consistently stronger selective pressure on genetic variation than temperature, reflecting the riparian ecology of aspen. Populations from Mexico and the southwestern U.S.A. exhibited the highest offsets, suggesting elevated vulnerability despite apparent drought adaptations, whereas northern populations showed the lowest offsets, consistent with projected northward range shifts. Traits not captured by genomic offset models, such as polyploidy, clonality, hybridization, and epigenetics, may buffer environmental stress and enhance resilience, underscoring the limitations of purely genomic predictions. To complement offset estimates, we tested linear models using phenotypic data (growth, polyploidy), but the limited representation of aspen populations in common garden trials restricted validation. Nevertheless, a positive association between polyploidy and offset emerged, suggesting a potential adaptive or buffering mechanism that warrants further investigation. Together, our results illustrate both the promise and the limitations of genomic offset as a predictive framework for widely distributed species. By presenting the first approach to scale the genomic offset to a broadly-distributed forest tree, this study provides a foundation for integrating genomic, phenotypic, and ecological data to inform climate-resilient forest management. Range-wide common garden and provenance trials remain essential, yet they remain scarce for broadleaf species such as aspen. Integrating multiple data sources is critical for developing effective climate-resilient forest management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Genetic Correlation Between Yield and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Pea","authors":"Niall Millar,&nbsp;Clarice Coyne,&nbsp;Stephanie Porter","doi":"10.1111/eva.70330","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crop improvement can enhance food security, but side effects, such as trade-offs between valuable agronomic traits, are common. Likewise, fertilisation helps ensure high yields but can devalue mutualisms with soil microbes that would otherwise be essential for nutrient acquisition. If the need for nutritional mutualisms is reduced in crops, mutualisms could be disrupted by selection relaxation or allocation trade-offs. Thus, crops could achieve high yields despite or because of, disruption of nutritional mutualisms. Alternatively, the highest-yielding plants might flourish because they maximise nutrient acquisition from both symbionts and the soil. Here, enhanced mutualism could evolve over the course of agricultural crop improvement. To investigate whether high yields in cultivars and wild accessions are negatively or positively genetically correlated with outcomes in the legume-rhizobia mutualism, we measured whether yield and symbiosis traits trade off or are positively genetically correlated among cultivars and wild accessions. We measured genetic correlations between yield and mutualism traits in 87 domesticated pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) accessions released before or after 1950 in a common garden agricultural field across 3 years. Seed yield and N₂ fixation were positively genetically correlated in both pre- and post-1950 accessions. Thus, despite recent selection for pea cultivars with high yields in fertile agricultural conditions, this positive genetic correlation has been maintained. Our findings predict that breeding efforts have the potential to increase both yield and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in pea, enhancing symbiotic mutualism and reducing the proportion of N supplied by fertilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-Learning Models Trained on Genomic Summary Statistics Assess Extinction Risk and Recovery Potential of Bottlenecked Populations","authors":"Johanna C. Winder,&nbsp;Jack N. Marsters,&nbsp;Thomas Birley,&nbsp;Jasmyn Gooding,&nbsp;Taoyang Wu,&nbsp;Jim J. Groombridge,&nbsp;Hernán E. Morales,&nbsp;Cock van Oosterhout","doi":"10.1111/eva.70331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forecasting extinction risk from genomic data is challenging because of interactions among environment, demography, and genomic erosion. Here, we use known outcomes from forward simulations as a proof-of-concept study to test whether machine-learning (ML) models can discriminate relative extinction risk and recovery potential from genomic summary statistics, and identify the most informative predictors. Using individual-based, forward-in-time simulations, we generated genomic and fitness data for 11,200 populations across 112 demographic parameter combinations (ancestral population size: 100–10,000, bottleneck size: 4–50, fecundity: 8–64). We evaluated populations at three time points relative to bottleneck onset: 100 years before, 10 years before and at onset. We then assessed their subsequent fate up to 200 years after the end of the bottleneck, classifying populations as extinct or recovered. From 10 sampled individuals per population, we derived 738 predictors spanning diversity, heterozygosity, genetic/realised/masked load, and ROH-based inbreeding (FROH). Unsupervised analyses primarily captured historical demography and did not separate outcomes. In contrast, supervised models achieved high performance at bottleneck onset, correctly predicting population fate (i.e., future extinction or recovery) from genomics alone with ≈86%–87% accuracy. However, extinction was harder to predict correctly than recovery because simulated extinctions were rarer. Bottleneck size and fecundity provided strong baseline predictability, with genomics adding modest but complementary information. The upper-quantile ROH/FROH summaries were consistently more informative than mean diversity or mean load. A complementary single-genome analysis showed that reference-genome-style summaries retain useful signal when demographic information is sparse. Together, these results highlight the promise of ML-informed extinction-risk assessment to translate genomic indicators into more actionable, early-warning signals for biodiversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Adult Census Size From Close-Kin Dyads in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae","authors":"Anita Lerch,&nbsp;Scott T. Small,&nbsp;Tin-Yu J. Hui,&nbsp;Priscila Bascuñán,&nbsp;Ellen M. Dotson,&nbsp;Martin Lukindu,&nbsp;Krystal Birungi,&nbsp;Jonathan K. Kayondo,&nbsp;Austin Burt,&nbsp;T. Alex Perkins,&nbsp;Nora J. Besansky","doi":"10.1111/eva.70322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimates of adult mosquito abundance are central to the design and evaluation of vector control strategies, yet they are difficult to obtain from natural populations. Conventional mark-recapture methods for estimating adult mosquito census size pose logistical and other challenges. A recently developed close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) approach is a promising alternative. However, application of CKMR has been largely confined to long-lived vertebrates. Validation on empirical data from short-lived, highly fecund insects is lacking. Here, we apply CKMR to a natural population of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>, the primary African malaria mosquito, sampled from a small island in Lake Victoria, Uganda. Using a high-diversity amplicon panel of genome-wide markers, we genotyped 714 adult mosquitoes collected over a 20-day period. We classified pairs to close-kin categories by implementing probabilistic latent-kinship estimation rather than using a deterministic threshold-based framework. We observe numerous full-sibling pairs but no parent-offspring pairs, a pattern consistent with extreme variance in reproductive success owing to frequent failure of mosquito egg clutches to produce adults. Building on existing CKMR theory tailored to mosquito life history, we fit an extended model that included the possibility of clutch failure. By incorporating probabilities of both parent-offspring and full-sibling relationships, we estimate an adult female census size of 26,887 (95% credible interval: 6979–146,011), and a clutch failure probability of 97.6% (CrI: 91.3%–99.6%). We use these estimates to calculate the predicted variance in reproductive success and effective population size. Through individual-based simulations we confirm our estimates and the necessity of modeling reproductive variance to explain observed kinship patterns. Our results demonstrate that CKMR can be applied successfully to mosquitoes, provided that appropriate adjustments are made to account for their natural history.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge-Rich Landscapes Promote Genetic Diversity While Arable Land Restricts It: Landscape-Genomic Patterns Across Three Insect Species in an Agriculture-Dominated Grassland Mosaic","authors":"Christopher Wild,&nbsp;Belinda Kahnt,&nbsp;Sebastian Hopfenmüller,&nbsp;Bilyana Stoykova Wild,&nbsp;Cinja Schwarz,&nbsp;Florian Fumy,&nbsp;Robert J. Paxton,&nbsp;Thomas Fartmann,&nbsp;Panagiotis Theodorou","doi":"10.1111/eva.70326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eva.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Habitat loss and agricultural intensification are major drivers of insect decline, yet their consequences for intraspecific genetic diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we used landscape genomics to compare genome-wide diversity, population differentiation and spatial patterns of gene flow in two butterfly species (<i>Polyommatus icarus</i>, <i>Melanargia galathea</i>) and one bush-cricket species (<i>Conocephalus fuscus</i>) sampled across an agriculturally dominated landscape in southern Germany. The study region consists of a heterogeneous mosaic of extensively managed open grasslands maintained through conservation initiatives and embedded within intensively managed grasslands, arable fields and forest patches. High-resolution genomic data combined with broad geographic sampling revealed pronounced interspecific differences. The highly mobile, widespread and generalist <i>P. icarus</i> exhibited the highest diversity and weakest population genetic structure, the moderately widespread <i>M. galathea</i> showed intermediate levels, whereas the comparatively less mobile orthopteran <i>C. fuscus</i> displayed the lowest genetic diversity and strongest population subdivision. Across the three species, genetic diversity was positively associated with edge density and showed a tendency to decline with increasing arable cover, indicating that landscape configuration influences genetic variation more strongly than habitat area alone. Effective migration surfaces showed broadly shared spatial patterns, with lower effective migration in intensively farmed areas and higher effective migration in grassland-rich parts of the study region. Together, our results highlight that landscape heterogeneity and species-specific ecological characteristics jointly determine genetic resilience in insects. Our findings support conserving networks of structurally diverse, well-connected grasslands and reducing homogeneous arable matrices to help maintain genetic diversity and evolutionary potential in insect communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compounding Impacts—Genomic Exploration of the Potential Effect of Domestic Introgression on Climate Adaptation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"Hallie Arno,&nbsp;Tony Kess,&nbsp;Steve Duffy,&nbsp;Benjamin Marquis,&nbsp;Samantha V. Beck,&nbsp;Sarah J. Lehnert,&nbsp;Ian A. Fleming,&nbsp;Ian R. Bradbury","doi":"10.1111/eva.70319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting population, species, and community responses to climate change is critical for the successful management of wild ecosystems. However, climate change does not act alone. Interactions among climate change and other anthropogenic threats could significantly complicate predictions of global change yet have rarely been examined. <i>Salmo salar</i> (Atlantic salmon) are an increasingly at-risk northern diadromous fish, exposed to multiple threats including a changing climate and introgression from net-pen aquaculture escapees. Introgression from aquaculture escapees could alter wild salmon climate change responses through the introduction of maladaptive climate-associated variation. Here we conducted a genome-environment association analysis for wild Atlantic salmon throughout North America (<i>n</i> = 5208 samples) using a 220 K SNP array and explored differences between wild and aquaculture salmon at climate-associated loci. Environmental associations suggest a polygenic basis to climate adaptation which includes a large chromosomal translocation, previously implicated in climate-associated adaptation. Genomic differences between wild and domestic salmon generally increase with increasing geographic distance from the southern source location of North American salmon aquaculture. Wild salmon populations differed more genetically from aquaculture salmon (<i>F</i>_ST ~ two-fold higher) at climate-associated loci than genome-wide, suggesting introgression may erode climate adaptation in the wild, and further amplify the negative impacts of climate change on these populations. The results suggest a more encompassing view of anthropogenic impacts which explicitly considers interactions among environmental and anthropogenic threats is needed to better understand and conserve wild populations in a changing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introgression and Potential Outbreeding Depression Following Anthropogenically-Induced Secondary Contact Between Anadromous and Resident Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"C. S. T. MacPhail,&nbsp;T. Kess,&nbsp;I. A. Fleming,&nbsp;N. Smith,&nbsp;I. R. Bradbury","doi":"10.1111/eva.70318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of alternative migratory strategies can lead to the establishment of ecologically and genetically distinct morphs; however, the forces that maintain these differences are often unclear. Here we assessed how migratory strategy may affect gene flow and adaptation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in a setting where a migratory barrier was removed, and migratory and non-migratory salmon have been brought into contact through a program to initiate a migratory population. We used whole genome sequencing to characterize genetic variation in resident and anadromous salmon in this experimental system, as well as in the original source of the migratory individuals and a proximate source of strays into the system. Our results suggest that resident and anadromous salmon populations are highly divergent genetically, but that introgression from the resident population into the introduced migratory morph is widespread. However, despite a general trend of introgression into the migratory form, localized genomic regions appear resistant to gene flow, potentially highlighting adaptive divergence between resident and anadromous salmon. Additionally, we compared how the proportion of ancestry associated with migratory type changed between out migrating smolts and returning adults across two cohorts. Our results show a significant reduction in resident ancestry consistent with outbreeding depression during the marine migratory phase. Genomic comparisons between smolts and adults also identify several localized regions potentially under selection in the marine environment, possibly related to immune function. Together, these results suggest that introgression between divergent migratory forms in this system is unidirectional and is resulting in outbreeding depression and reduced migratory success. In the context of supplementation, our results suggest that enhancement activities aimed at boosting anadromous Atlantic Salmon populations could be impacted by introgression with resident populations. Additionally, interbreeding may present a demographic threat to resident populations, as anadromous-resident hybrids appear to follow a migratory life history.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}