Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"Assisted Gene Flow Management to Climate Change in the Annual Legume Lupinus angustifolius L.: From Phenotype to Genotype","authors":"S. Sacristán-Bajo,&nbsp;C. Lara-Romero,&nbsp;A. García-Fernández,&nbsp;S. Prieto-Benítez,&nbsp;J. Morente-López,&nbsp;M. L. Rubio Teso,&nbsp;E. Torres,&nbsp;J. M. Iriondo","doi":"10.1111/eva.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change may hinder species' ability to evolutionarily adapt to environmental shifts. Assisted gene flow, introducing adaptive alleles into target populations, could be a viable solution for keystone species. Our study aimed to evaluate the benefits and limitations of assisted gene flow in enhancing the evolutionary potential of <i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L. (Fabaceae), considering both phenotypic and genomic perspectives. We collected seeds from four populations in Spain at two latitudes (north and south), and grew them in a common garden. We used pollen from southern individuals to pollinate northern plants and create an F1 gene flow line that would advance its flowering onset. In the next season, we allowed F1 plants to self-pollinate creating an F2 self-pollination line. We also created a backcross line by pollinating control northern plants with pollen from F1 plants. We measured flowering onset, reproductive success, and other plant traits in all resulting lines. In parallel, we sequenced genes related to reproduction, growth, stress, nitrogen, and alkaloids. All gene flow-derived lines flowered significantly earlier than the control lines from the northern populations. F1 gene flow line plants produced heavier seeds and had a lower shoot growth than those from the northern control lines. Genomic analyses identified 36 outlier SNPs between the control and the F1 gene flow lines, associated with differences in flowering onset, seed weight, and shoot growth. These results underscore that assisted gene flow can enhance a population's evolutionary potential by altering specific traits. However, altering one trait may impact others in a way that depends on the intrinsic characteristics of each population.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of Gene Drives: The Role of Density-Dependent Feedbacks on the Efficacy and Dynamics of Two-Locus Underdominance Gene Drive Systems","authors":"Ziqian Xu,&nbsp;Michael B. Bonsall","doi":"10.1111/eva.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Density dependence describes the regulation of population growth rate by population density. This process is widely observed in insect populations, including vectors such as mosquitoes and agricultural pests that are targets of genetic biocontrol using gene drive technologies. While there continues to be rapid advancement in gene drive molecular design, most studies prioritise gene drive efficacy over ecology, and the role of density-dependent feedback on gene drives remains neglected. Furthermore, the details of density dependence experienced in these potential species of interest are usually poorly understood, creating additional constraints and challenges in evaluating the efficacy and efficiency of gene drive systems, especially those that promise local confinement after release. Here, we formulate and analyse a simple, non-species-specific mathematical model which integrates population dynamics by density dependence together with population genetics of a high-threshold two-locus underdominance system. Different models of density dependence and strengths of within-species competition are investigated alongside other genetic and ecological parameters. Our results suggest that for an underdominance gene drive system, density dependence processes, by acting on births or deaths, influence the population dynamics by leading to significantly different population-level suppression in the presence of a fitness cost. However, density dependence does not directly affect the fitness cost threshold for drive establishment. Moreover, we find that the magnitude and range of key ecological parameters (birth and death rates) could result in different outcomes depending on the type of density dependence employed. Our work highlights the importance of considering the ecological contexts in the design, development and deployment of gene drive molecular strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining Local Adaptation Is Key for Evolutionary Rescue and Long-Term Persistence of Populations Experiencing Habitat Loss and a Changing Environment","authors":"Teagan Baiotto,&nbsp;Laura Melissa Guzman","doi":"10.1111/eva.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Anthropocene is marked by increased population extirpations and redistributions driven primarily by human-induced climate change and habitat loss. Habitat loss affects populations by removing occupiable area, which reduces carrying capacity through a reduction in resources, and fragmenting the landscape, which can reduce gene flow with potential consequences for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Real patterns of habitat loss are non-random, often clustered in space and within a subset of environmental conditions (e.g., primarily in the valleys of a mountain–valley region). Spatial clustering of habitat loss can alter population connectivity, and environmental clustering can shift the mean as well as decrease the variance in environmental conditions available to populations. We evaluate how spatial and environmental biases underlying habitat loss impact the survival of populations (as a proxy of evolutionary rescue) exposed to both habitat loss and environmental change. To do this, we simulated landscapes with a spatially autocorrelated temperature gradient to which individuals were locally adapted. These landscapes were then subjected to both nonrandom habitat loss (e.g., clustered based on the temperature) and increasing temperatures. We find that evolutionary rescue in response to increasing temperatures is hampered when habitat loss results in small patches, reduces the breadth of environmental conditions, and is concentrated on the cooler end of the temperature gradient. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining a wide breadth of environmental conditions available to populations subjected to habitat loss, and the disproportionate role that colder sites play as a buffer to increasing temperatures, compared to warmer sites. Our findings also add a new dimension to the single large or several small (SLOSS) conservation discussion, stressing the importance of environmental diversity regardless of patch size.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Variation in Resistance of the Invasive Drosophila suzukii to Parasitism by the Biological Control Agent, Ganaspis brasiliensis","authors":"Oscar Istas,&nbsp;Marianna Szűcs","doi":"10.1111/eva.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Host–parasitoid interactions are tied in coevolutionary arms races where parasitoids continuously have to evolve increased virulence as hosts evolve increased resistance. Over time, geographic structure in virulence and resistance can arise because of spatial and temporal differences in parasitoid communities, in the strength of reciprocal selection pressures, in genetic variation in local populations, and as trade-offs are balanced between defense and fitness traits. It is crucial to understand the resistance structure of pest populations to successfully implement biological control programs against invasive insect hosts. We investigated spatial and temporal variations in the resistance of the invasive <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> in seven geographically distinct populations in Michigan and of one population from Oregon against a newly approved biocontrol agent, the larval parasitoid <i>Ganaspis brasiliensis.</i> We found regional and temporal variations in the resistance (encapsulation rates of parasitoid eggs) of <i>D. suzukii</i> populations that ranged from 11% to 48%. The northernmost, and thus the coldest site, had the highest rate of parasitism and the lowest encapsulation rate. Large regional differences in the resistance of <i>D. suzukii</i> populations can render the ensuing biocontrol program more variable and less predictable, and release strategies may need to be altered at sites where flies have high resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Multi-Dimensional Maturation Modeling to Isolate the Effects of Commercial Closure on a Great Lakes Fishery","authors":"Zachary S. Feiner,&nbsp;Jason C. Doll,&nbsp;Ben D. Dickinson,&nbsp;Mark R. Christie","doi":"10.1111/eva.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As anthropogenic disturbances rapidly change natural environments, species must respond to new selective pressures shaping rates of reproduction, growth, and mortality. One example is intense fisheries harvest, which can drive the evolution of heavily fished populations toward maturation at smaller sizes and younger ages. Changes in maturation have often been measured using probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs), which were originally designed to control for phenotypic plasticity while allowing for the detection of the evolution of maturation. However, multiple studies have highlighted issues with PMRN estimation, particularly with respect to their accuracy when parameterized with sparse data or when applied to populations experiencing myriad environmental stressors. We used a three-decade time series of Laurentian Great Lakes yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i> Mitchill) data to develop a novel, hierarchical Bayesian PMRN estimation method that can explicitly account for these conceptual issues. Our results indicate that commercial fishing was a primary driver of maturation change in this population, and that the relaxation of harvest pressure via the closure of the commercial fishery in the late 1990s resulted in adaptation toward older ages and larger sizes at maturation within 2–3 generations. Future pairing of hierarchical Bayesian PMRN methods with genome-wide data will help reveal the genetic underpinnings of maturation, and could lead to new avenues for integrating PMRNs into fisheries management and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Monitoring of Brown Trout Released Into a Novel Environment: Establishment and Genetic Impact on Natural Populations","authors":"Anastasia Andersson,&nbsp;Sara Kurland,&nbsp;Sten Karlsson,&nbsp;Nils Ryman,&nbsp;Linda Laikre","doi":"10.1111/eva.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Translocations are carried out either unintentionally or intentionally for conservation or management reasons. In both cases, translocated populations may genetically impact natural populations via introgression. Understanding how genetic background may affect an establishment in a novel environment and the potential risks for native populations is important for biodiversity conservation. Here, using a panel of 96 SNPs, we monitor the establishment of two genetically and ecologically distinct brown trout populations released into a mountain lake system in central Sweden where trout did not occur prior to the release. The release was carried out in 1979, and we monitor the establishment over the first three decades (5–6 generations) in seven lakes downstream of the release site. We find that extensive hybridization has occurred, and genes from both populations exist in all lakes examined. Genes from the population that was nonmigratory in its native environment have remained to a higher degree in the area close to the release site, while genes from the population that was more migratory in its native habitat have spread further downstream. All established populations exhibit higher levels of genetic diversity than the released populations. Natural, stream-resident brown trout populations occur ~15 km downstream of the release site and below a waterfall that acts as an upstream migration barrier. Released fish have spread genes to these populations but with low introgression rates of 3%–8%. Recently adopted indicators for monitoring genetic diversity were partly able to detect this introgression, emphasizing the usefulness of genetic indicators in management. The SNP panel used in this study provides a similar picture as previously used allozymes, showing that older marker systems with fewer loci may still be useful for describing the population structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do European Seabass Larvae Grow Better in Their Natural Temperature Regime?","authors":"Crestel Damien,&nbsp;Vergnet Alain,&nbsp;Clota Frédéric,&nbsp;Blanc Marie-Odile,&nbsp;Navarro Théo,&nbsp;Lallement Stéphane,&nbsp;Moulard Félix,&nbsp;McKenzie David,&nbsp;Allal François,&nbsp;Vandeputte Marc","doi":"10.1111/eva.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how warming surface waters impact the larval growth of highly prized marine fishes such as the European seabass, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, is important for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. We studied the growth of larvae from three genetically differentiated seabass populations, Atlantic (AT), Western Mediterranean (WM), and Eastern Mediterranean (EM), reared in a common garden under three thermal regimes, representative of seasonal changes in a relatively cold Atlantic (<i>rAT</i>), intermediate Western Mediterranean (<i>rWM</i>), and warm Eastern Mediterranean (<i>rEM</i>). Survival was higher in warmer regimes until larvae reached a length of 23 mm, after which there was no major difference. Growth was monitored from 20 days posthatch to 1.5 g, with individuals sampled at regular intervals and their population of origin identified by parentage assignment using their genotypes for 96 SNPs. Significant length differences emerged among populations, the AT population being longer than WM and EM in all thermal regimes. In conclusion, the AT population had higher growth than the WM and EM populations in all thermal regimes, not just in its own, and the AT population can be considered the most robust to temperature variations at the larval stage. Further research is required to understand whether the high growth rate of the AT population reflects a process of local adaptation to a relatively cold thermal regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Genetics and Trajectory Simulation Reveals the Invasion Process of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the Eastern Hemisphere","authors":"Pengfei Fu,&nbsp;Xijie Li,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Sun,&nbsp;Yaping Chen,&nbsp;Zhihui Lu,&nbsp;Caihong Tian,&nbsp;Gao Hu,&nbsp;Furong Gui","doi":"10.1111/eva.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a migratory agricultural pest, the fall armyworm has been in the spotlight since it invaded Africa in 2016. Invasive populations have now colonized much of the Eastern Hemisphere, causing severe damage to a wide range of crops. However, there is still disagreement internationally on the origin and mode of invasion of fall armyworm populations, especially from the Americas to China. In this study, we provided an in-depth insight into the invasion of the fall armyworm in the Eastern hemisphere based on genome-wide data from 124 fall armyworm individuals collected from 14 sites across three continents and trajectory simulation. First, based on 770,423 high-quality SNPs, the PCA and ADMIXTURE analyses clearly distinguished the geographical populations of the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Second, the genetic diversity results revealed that the invasive populations exhibited higher heterozygosity than the native populations. Third, the results of integrated individual assignment tests and migration path simulations showed that the W1 (Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico) population may be the potential source of the invasive populations in Africa, and a low possibility of trans-sea migration between the Americas and Africa suggested that fall armyworms may have spread through trade in goods. Fourth, our results indicate that the Indian population is a genetically admixed group derived from the E1 (Benin, Ethiopia, and South Africa) population, which subsequently migrated to the Indo-China Peninsula through natural trans-sea dispersal and to Yunnan via Myanmar. These findings not only provide new insights into the invasion of the fall armyworm in the Eastern Hemisphere but also present a method to improve the prediction accuracy of migratory pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Architecture Underlying Response to the Fungal Pathogen Dothistroma septosporum in Lodgepole Pine, Jack Pine, and Their Hybrids","authors":"Mengmeng Lu,&nbsp;Nicolas Feau,&nbsp;Brandon Lind,&nbsp;Dragana Obreht Vidakovic,&nbsp;Pooja Singh,&nbsp;Sally N. Aitken,&nbsp;Richard C. Hamelin,&nbsp;Sam Yeaman","doi":"10.1111/eva.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, <i>Dothistroma</i> needle blight (DNB), a pine tree disease caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Dothistroma septosporum,</i> has severely damaged lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> Dougl. ex. Loud.) in British Columbia, Canada, and raised health concerns for jack pine (<i>Pinus banksiana</i> Lamb.). The pathogen has already shown signs of host shift eastward to the hybrid populations between lodgepole pine and jack pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> × <i>P. banksiana</i>), and possibly into pure jack pine. However, we have little knowledge about mechanisms of resistance to <i>D</i>. <i>septosporum</i>, especially the underlying genetic basis of variation in pines. In this study, we conducted controlled inoculations to induce infection by <i>D. septosporum</i> and performed a genome-wide case–control association study with pooled sequencing (pool-seq) data to dissect the genetic architecture underlying response in lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. We identified candidate genes associated with <i>D. septosporum</i> response in lodgepole pine and in hybrid samples. We also assessed genetic structure in hybrid populations and inferred how introgression may affect the distribution of genetic variation involved in <i>D. septosporum</i> response in the studied samples. These results can be used to develop genomic tools to evaluate DNB risk, guide forest management strategies, and potentially select for resistant genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Monitoring of a Reintroduced Butterfly Uncovers Contrasting Founder Lineage Survival","authors":"Georgina Halford,&nbsp;Dirk Maes,&nbsp;Carl J. Yung,&nbsp;Sam Whiteford,&nbsp;Nigel A. D. Bourn,&nbsp;Caroline R. Bulman,&nbsp;Philippe Goffart,&nbsp;Jenny A. Hodgson,&nbsp;Ilik J. Saccheri","doi":"10.1111/eva.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic factors can have a major influence on both short- and long-term success of reintroductions. Genomic monitoring can give a range of insights into the early life of a reintroduced population and ultimately can help to avoid wasting limited conservation resources. In this study, we characterise the genetic diversity of a reintroduced <i>Carterocephalus palaemon</i> (Chequered Skipper butterfly) population in England with respect to the spatial genetic structure and diversity of the source populations in south Belgium. We aim to evaluate the success of the reintroduction, including the effectiveness of the donor sampling strategy, and assess genetic vulnerabilities that may affect the population's future. We also use an isolation-by-distance approach to make quantitative inferences about dispersal, and we explore covariance between host mitochondrial and <i>Wolbachia</i> genomes. We find that, four generations following the initial release, the reintroduced population, founded by 66 wild-caught adults, has an effective size of c. 33, yet has retained similar levels of genomic heterozygosity to those in the source subpopulations in Belgium and shows low levels of inbreeding. However, the restricted number of founders and variance in reproductive success among the surviving families have resulted in a higher level of kinship, likely to result in somewhat higher rates of inbreeding in the future. Furthermore, there is a distinct split between two source landscapes in Belgium, and all genomic evidence suggests that the reintroduced population is descended from only one of these landscapes (called Fagne). We discuss potential causes behind these results, including whether <i>Wolbachia</i> strains are causing genetic incompatibility between clades. We conclude that a conservative strategy for any further translocations would prefer Fagne sites as sources because of the strong evidence of their ability to survive. However, our results warrant further investigation into the reasons for the divergence found in Belgium.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}