Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"A Mosaic of Future Maladaptation Predicted for the Widespread Tree Nothofagus pumilio","authors":"Jill Sekely,&nbsp;Paula Marchelli,&nbsp;Maria Veronica Arana,&nbsp;Mario Pastorino,&nbsp;Ivan Scotti,&nbsp;Carolina Soliani,&nbsp;Lars Opgenoorth,&nbsp;Katrin Heer","doi":"10.1111/eva.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Nothofagus pumilio</i>, or lenga beech, is a widespread and locally-adapted tree species endemic to South America's Patagonia region. Its diverse populations span a 2000-km-long range in the Andes Mountains, which is already experiencing adverse effects from climate change. Here the Andes contain two uncorrelated temperature and precipitation gradients, which offers a unique opportunity to evaluate how gradients drive local adaptation and conversely how changes in these gradients could lead to future maladaptation risk. We predicted climate maladaptation risk for <i>N. pumilio</i> populations with genomic offset. Our dataset includes 493 adult trees in 20 natural forest sites across the distribution range that were sampled with a paired-site study design, which creates the opportunity to also investigate genomic offset patterns at small spatial scales. Local climate data for both current and future projected conditions were extracted from the CHELSA online repository. We used 490 putatively-adaptive single nucleotide polymorphisms, that is, those associated with chosen climatic gradients, and assessed genomic offset using two methods: LFMM ‘genetic.gap’ and Gradient Forest. We projected risk at sampled sites and spatially across the full Argentina species distribution range, considering three possible emission scenarios and two future time periods within the 21st century, using Ensemble Means calculated from CMIP6 projections. Contrary to our expectations, our results predict a complex mosaic of heightened maladaptation risk across the landscape, with particularly high values in northern treeline and southern valley populations, across all investigated scenarios. This suggests a more complicated pattern of risk than uniformly increased risk along elevation or latitude clines. Using external evidence, we contextualize our genomic offset results and investigate possible species' responses, including how maladaptation risk could impact Patagonian forests in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Genetic Ancestry on Ecologically Important Fitness Traits in Hybridizing Populus Species: Relevance for Conservation and Forest Management","authors":"Erik Szamosvári,&nbsp;Roman Ufimov,&nbsp;Nicola G. Criscuolo,&nbsp;Luisa Bresadola,&nbsp;Stefano Castiglione,&nbsp;Angela Cicatelli,&nbsp;Christian Lexer,&nbsp;Marcela van Loo","doi":"10.1111/eva.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest trees and their hybrids exhibit diverse adaptive strategies, reflected in functional traits that enhance fitness under varying biotic and abiotic stresses. Hybrid zones serve as natural experiments for studying evolutionary processes and have also garnered attention for their relevance in adaptive nature conservation and forest management, particularly in response to climate change and habitat fragmentation. However, the influence of genetic ancestry on ecologically relevant traits in hybrid zones remains insufficiently studied and understood. We investigated in this study the effects of genetic ancestry on juvenile survival, clonality, vegetative growth, and leaf hairiness in hybridizing <i>Populus alba</i> (L.), <i>Populus tremula</i> (L.), and their natural hybrid <i>Populus × canescens</i> (Aiton) Sm. Using genetic ancestry estimates derived from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and genotyping-by-sequencing, we analyzed plant material established from either seeds collected in different years or vegetative cuttings, grown across three common garden environments. We observed consistent patterns of seed sapling survivorship in two common gardens: backcrosses to <i>Populus tremula</i> and recombinant hybrid genotypes exhibited higher probability of juvenile mortality after the first 3 years compared to F₁ hybrids, backcrosses to <i>P. alba</i>, and the parental species. Genetic ancestry also influenced clonal reproduction and early vegetative growth, with hybrids genetically closer to <i>P. alba</i> exhibiting enhanced growth and higher clonal rooting success. Plant propagation material from older seed collections tended to grow less and exhibited lower clonality. Additionally, leaf reflectance, a proxy for leaf hairiness, varied along the admixture gradient, with increasing <i>P. alba</i> ancestry corresponding to denser pubescence. Finally, we discussed the implications of these findings, particularly regarding pubescence, for forest breeding and restoration initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving the Evolutionary History of Bighorn Sheep to Inform Future Management: An Answer to the California Bighorn Lineage Question","authors":"Joshua P. Jahner,&nbsp;Thomas L. Parchman,&nbsp;Marjorie D. Matocq,&nbsp;Mike Cox,&nbsp;Rachel S. Crowhurst,&nbsp;Lanie M. Galland,&nbsp;Shelby M. Burdo,&nbsp;Michael R. Buchalski,&nbsp;Joshua M. Hallas,&nbsp;Soraia Barbosa,&nbsp;David W. Coltman,&nbsp;Samuel Deakin,&nbsp;Holly B. Ernest,&nbsp;Sierra M. Love Stowell,&nbsp;Hollie Miyasaki,&nbsp;Kevin L. Monteith,&nbsp;Annette Roug,&nbsp;Helen Schwantje,&nbsp;Robert S. Spaan,&nbsp;Thomas R. Stephenson,&nbsp;Jace Taylor,&nbsp;Lisette P. Waits,&nbsp;John D. Wehausen,&nbsp;Clinton W. Epps","doi":"10.1111/eva.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although translocations can be effective for augmenting and restoring wild populations, they can disrupt native patterns of genetic structure, diversity, and local adaptation, thereby hampering conservation efforts. Managers must weigh potential costs and benefits of choosing well-differentiated donor individuals that could confer a boost to genetic diversity while avoiding outbreeding depression or ecological mismatch. This decision is more daunting when taxonomy is unclear or debated. For example, bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) populations in the United States that have been managed as the “California” lineage (part of the formerly recognized subspecies <i>O. c. californiana</i>) originate from serial translocations sourced from populations in British Columbia, resulting in reduced genetic diversity and elevated risk of inbreeding. After research on skull shape and RFLP analysis of mtDNA failed to find support for that subspecies, some jurisdictions treated the California lineage as part of the Rocky Mountain subspecies (<i>O. c. canadensis</i>) and mixed individuals in subsequent translocations, in part to increase genetic diversity of bottlenecked populations. Yet, detailed genetic data addressing validity of those putative lineages were lacking. We reconstructed the genetic history of bighorn sheep by sampling the major putative subspecies or lineages, focusing on native (remnant) genetic variation, and generating high-throughput DNA sequencing data (~15,000–25,000 SNPs). Complementary phylogenetic and population genetic analyses supported the distinctiveness of four bighorn lineages at levels corresponding to subspecies. Our results confirm the genetic identity of the no longer putative California bighorn lineage, answering a question that puzzled geneticists and managers for decades. Moving forward, we recommend that managers (1) maintain the natural variation held in native populations by protecting them from intentional translocations or unintentional mixing with nearby populations; (2) prioritize within-lineage translocations for population augmentation or repatriation to previously occupied regions; and (3) cautiously consider any translocations that would lead to mixing of distinct evolutionary lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Genetic Diversity Across Several Small Patches Compared to a Single Large Patch: A Within-Species Test of SLOSS","authors":"Fumin Lei,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Hua Zhu,&nbsp;Yuzhu Xia,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen,&nbsp;Jianxiang Yu,&nbsp;Shuiliang Guo,&nbsp;Jing Yu","doi":"10.1111/eva.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The SLOSS (Single Large or Several Small) debate is crucial in reserve design, focusing on evaluating the conservation efficacy of a single large reserve versus multiple small reserves for species preservation. While accumulating evidence suggests that multiple small reserves may conserve greater species diversity, the question of how to maximize the conservation of intraspecific genetic diversity within a fixed total area remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the SLOSS strategy for conserving intraspecific genetic diversity in <i>Tortula muralis</i> using haplotype richness and phylogenetic diversity metrics. We collected 352 specimens from 28 islands within the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Amplification of the ITS2 region yielded 78 distinct haplotypes. Following the construction of a haplotype-based phylogenetic tree, phylogenetic diversity was calculated for each island. Cumulative curves for both haplotypes and phylogenetic diversity were generated by sequentially adding islands ranked by area, following both largest to smallest and smallest to largest sequences. The results demonstrate that the genetic diversity of <i>T. muralis</i> is influenced by both island area and anthropogenic activities. Crucially, within a fixed total area, multiple small islands preserved significantly greater haplotype richness and phylogenetic diversity of <i>T. muralis</i> compared to a single large island (SS &gt; SL). This study provides valuable insights for assessing the SLOSS strategy to conserve intraspecific genetic diversity and offers a new perspective for genetic diversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review on the Association Between Sleep and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective","authors":"S. E. Spirig,&nbsp;S. Frei,&nbsp;A. V. Jaeggi,&nbsp;N. Bender","doi":"10.1111/eva.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important, non-curable disease today. Several possible risk factors have been discussed, among others sleep. Evolutionary hypotheses were proposed to explain sleep variation and AD risk, such as a potential advantage of short or interrupted sleep in ancient insecure environments, the evolution of increased plasticity of the human brain, or antagonistic pleiotropy with increased AD risk. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate in which way sleep is associated with AD risk, in the light of evolutionary hypotheses. Following PRISMA guidelines, the databases PubMed and Embase were searched for longitudinal observational studies on the association between sleep and incident AD in cognitively healthy people at baseline. Potential confounders were assessed (e.g., age, sex, country, etc.). Search results were deduplicated and assessed for inclusion or exclusion by two independent reviewers. We summarized the results in tables and performed meta-analyses in risk factor subgroups where appropriate. Out of 5800 studies, 39 were suitable for this review and 35 were meta-analyzed. Long sleep duration showed a positive association with AD (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12–1.63) that was not significant after accounting for heterogeneity using prediction intervals (95% CI = 0.74–2.49). Short sleep duration showed a weak, non-significant association with AD risk (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.98–1.18). Several measures of sleep quality (hypnotics use, daytime sleepiness, bad overall sleep quality, and early bedtime) showed an increased risk for AD, while others (e.g., late bedtime) showed a protective effect. This systematic review showed possible associations between sleep characteristics and the risk for AD. However, several results showed heterogeneity that we could not explain with the information given in the publications. More work is therefore needed to assess the risk factors for AD connected to sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics in the Ocean's Twilight Zone: Population Structure of the Silvery Lightfish Across Its Distribution Range","authors":"María Quintela,&nbsp;Alejandro Mateos-Rivera,&nbsp;Roger Lille-Langøy,&nbsp;François Besnier,&nbsp;Konstantinos Tsagarakis,&nbsp;Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta,&nbsp;Miguel Bao,&nbsp;Martin Wiech,&nbsp;Lucilla Giulietti,&nbsp;Sonia Rábade-Uberos,&nbsp;Fran Saborido-Rey,&nbsp;Malika Chlaida,&nbsp;Espen Strand,&nbsp;Sofie Knutar,&nbsp;Eva García-Seoane,&nbsp;Webjørn Melle,&nbsp;Bjørn-Erik Axelsen,&nbsp;Kevin A. Glover","doi":"10.1111/eva.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The large estimates of mesopelagic fish biomass have long fuelled harvesting interests in the relatively untouched twilight zone of the ocean. The silvery lightfish—one of the most abundant species inhabiting the North Atlantic mesopelagic layer—is a candidate for such a fishery despite its enormous ecological importance and the insufficient knowledge about its population genetic structure. To address this knowledge gap, 863 individuals sampled across the North Atlantic Ocean and into the Mediterranean Sea were genotyped using a panel of 170 genome-wide SNP loci. Analyses revealed habitat-driven differentiation into three main units: Mediterranean Sea, oceanic samples, and Norwegian fjords. These groups were not completely isolated from each other as introgression from the Mediterranean Sea was detected in the Eastern Atlantic façade extending from Moroccan waters northward to 47° N, within an otherwise genetically homogeneous oceanic cluster. The complex topography of the Greek Seas seemed to shape the genetic structure in the Mediterranean Sea whereas along the Norwegian coastline, sills did not appear to hinder genetic exchange among fjords ranging 200 km apart, likely reflecting a combination of the position of the species in the water column and its swimming ability. This genetic information should be integrated with ecological and demographic properties to outline the management boundaries of this species prior to any eventual fishery attempt.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights Into Host Shifts Between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium in Latin America","authors":"Margaux J. M. Lefebvre,&nbsp;Fanny Degrugillier,&nbsp;Céline Arnathau,&nbsp;Camila González,&nbsp;Silvia Rondón,&nbsp;Andrés Link,&nbsp;Andrea Chaves,&nbsp;Julio A. Benavides,&nbsp;Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos,&nbsp;Edmilson dos Santos,&nbsp;Rosana Huff,&nbsp;Cláudia Maria Dornelles da Silva,&nbsp;Ezequiel Vanderhoeven,&nbsp;Benoit De Thoisy,&nbsp;Michael C. Fontaine,&nbsp;Franck Prugnolle,&nbsp;Virginie Rougeron","doi":"10.1111/eva.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malaria in Latin America is largely caused by <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>, but the closely related monkey parasite <i>Plasmodium simium</i> has recently been observed in humans, thus raising new public health concerns. By screening 719 monkey samples from five Latin America countries, we identified 23 <i>Plasmodium</i>-positives. However, only four samples yielded sufficient mitochondrial DNA sequencing data to allow reliable species identification, and their inclusion in genome-wide population analyses. Using whole-genome variation data from these samples together with whole genome variations of 19 <i>P. simium</i> and 405 <i>P. vivax</i> isolates, we investigated their evolutionary history and population genetics. <i>P. vivax</i>, typically restricted to humans, was identified in three Colombian and one Brazilian monkeys, suggesting possible host niche expansion. Genetic analyses reveal recent genetic exchanges between both species and indicate that <i>P. simium</i> originated from a host jump approximately one to two centuries ago. Also other alternatives are possible, this host shift may have followed <i>P. vivax</i> migration from Central/North America to Brazil. Genome-wide scans revealed signals of positive selection in <i>P. simium</i> genes implicated in interactions with primate hosts, including <i>PvRBP2a</i> and <i>PvRBP1b</i>, as well as genes involved in interactions with mosquito vectors, such as <i>PvCMRP1</i>, <i>PvPAT</i>, and <i>Pvs47</i>. These findings shed light on <i>P. simium</i> evolutionary history. They also underscore the zoonotic risks, and the need to include monkeys in malaria prevention measures while ensuring human-wildlife coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ne Does Not Provide Sufficient Information on Allelic Variation: Suggestions to Fill the Gap","authors":"Sean M. Hoban,&nbsp;Brenna R. Forester,&nbsp;Roberta Gargiulo,&nbsp;Austin C. Koontz,&nbsp;Alicia Mastretta-Yanes,&nbsp;Joachim Mergeay,&nbsp;Ivan Paz-Vinas,&nbsp;Coalition for Conservation Genetics,&nbsp;Linda Laikre","doi":"10.1111/eva.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation success depends on translating theory into practical guidance and tools that are relevant and useful for non-scientists. While the complexity of population genetics has challenged the usage of straightforward metrics for conservation, several practical guidelines have been advanced, such as those regarding effective population size (<i>N</i>_<i>e</i>). Allendorf et al. highlight limitations of <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> as a metric for practical use. Specifically, they demonstrate that while <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> is sufficient for predicting heterozygosity, it is not predictive of the number of alleles, another key variable in conservation genetics. This has important implications for <i>N</i>_<i>e</i>-based metrics, such as the <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> 500 indicator recently adopted in the Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. As developers and advocates of the <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> 500 indicator, we agree with this assessment, and acknowledge that <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> does not comprehensively predict changes in allelic variation. In this article we briefly summarize several major points in Allendorf et al. and provide practical suggestions to better account for allelic variation during indicator assessments. These suggestions include reporting major declines in <i>N</i>_<i>c</i> as part of genetic assessments, clearly articulating the intention and caveats of the <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> 500 indicator, integrating simulations into genetic assessments, and assessing the number of genetically distinct populations. We conclude that the <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> 500 indicator remains a valuable metric uniquely capable of capturing critical aspects of a species' genetic status while remaining accessible and interpretable to policymakers and other non-geneticists. By acknowledging the limitations of focusing solely on <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> and providing options for more thorough and nuanced understandings of genetic diversity, we hope to guide future usage of the <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> 500 indicator and help bridge the gap between conservation genetics theory and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Rescue: Latest Advances and Applications","authors":"Luciano B. Beheregaray,&nbsp;Sarah W. Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Andrew R. Whiteley,&nbsp;Jill Anderson,&nbsp;Paul Sunnucks","doi":"10.1111/eva.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic rescue is the increase in individual or population fitness caused by new genetic variation. It typically involves the deliberate movement of genetically diverse individuals into small and isolated populations to reduce inbreeding and maladaptation while enhancing evolutionary potential. Despite growing interest, gaps in theory and empirical evidence have limited the wider application of genetic rescue in conservation biology. To address these gaps, we put together this Special Issue on Genetic Rescue. The issue assembles 21 original papers that evaluate or apply genetic rescue and related approaches in conservation. The contributions include empirical studies and simulations spanning diverse animal and plant species across varied ecological and socio-environmental contexts, alongside perspectives and syntheses. Collectively, they demonstrate the value of integrating population genomics and evolutionary biology into conservation, identify opportunities and limitations of genetic rescue, and underscore its potential to improve resilience, adaptive capacity, and the long-term persistence of biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Comorbidity: Evolutionary Insights Into the Concomitance of Neurodivergence, Major Depressive Disorder, and Anxiety Disorders","authors":"Benjamin Griffin,&nbsp;Riya Gosrani,&nbsp;Jessica Eccles","doi":"10.1111/eva.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mainstream psychiatry continues to interpret neurodivergence through a disease paradigm, assuming that all cases of autism and ADHD reflect disordered brain development. This framing has contributed to the view that elevated rates of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses found in neurodivergent populations can be explained through shared mechanisms of neurobiological dysfunction. The neurodiversity movement has challenged this view, reframing neurodiversity as natural variation within human cognition, and emphasizing that much of the associated distress in neurodivergent individuals arises from systemic social barriers, rather than internal dysfunction. In contrast to the disease paradigm's individualizing focus, this relational perspective suggests psychopathology in neurodivergent individuals arises primarily from the poor fit between their cognitive profiles and modern environments. Evolutionary psychiatry may offer a scientific foundation for this reframing. Here, we synthesize evolutionary insights on autism, ADHD, and affective disorders to provide a novel explanation for elevated rates of major depression and anxiety disorders in neurodivergent populations, based upon the principles of evolutionary trade-offs and mismatch. This perspective offers a scientifically grounded and ethically progressive framework for understanding neurodivergence and its psychiatric comorbidities; one that emphasizes prevention and environmental accommodation, instead of pathologisation and deficit-correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}