Evolutionary Applications最新文献

{"title":"Population Genomics Reveals Panmixia in Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) of the North Pacific","authors":"Gary C. Longo,&nbsp;Katie D′Amelio,&nbsp;Wes Larson,&nbsp;Concepción Enciso Enciso,&nbsp;Jorge Torre,&nbsp;Jeremiah J. Minich,&nbsp;Todd P. Michael,&nbsp;Matthew T. Craig","doi":"10.1111/eva.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatial structure and dynamics of populations are important considerations when defining management units in organisms that are harvested as natural resources. In the Eastern Pacific, Pacific Sardine range from Chile to Alaska, the northernmost state of the United States (U.S.), and once supported an expansive and productive fishery. Along its North American range, it is hypothesized to comprise three subpopulations: a northern and southern subpopulation, which primarily occur off the coast of the U.S. and Baja California, Mexico (M.X.), respectively, and a third in the Gulf of California, M.X. We used low coverage whole genome sequencing to generate genotype likelihoods for millions of SNPs in 317 individuals collected from the Gulf of California, M.X., to Oregon, U.S., to assess population structure in Pacific Sardine. Differentiation across the genome was driven by variation at several putative chromosomal inversions ranging in size from ~21 MB to 0.89 MB, although none of the putative inversions showed any evidence of geographic differentiation. Our results support panmixia across an impressive ~4000 km range.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Resequencing Provides Novel Insights Into the Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Patterns of Runs of Homozygosity in Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain)","authors":"Xiyi Zhou,&nbsp;Min Ouyang,&nbsp;Yin Zhang,&nbsp;Mhd Ikhwanuddin,&nbsp;Hongyu Ma,&nbsp;Shaopan Ye","doi":"10.1111/eva.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mud crab (<i>Scylla paramamosain</i>) is an economically important aquaculture crustacean species in China and Southeast Asia countries. However, the catches of wild mud crabs declined sharply due to overfishing and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current genetic resources and population history of mud crab (<i>S. paramamosain</i>), which would provide appropriate guidelines for genetic resource management and breeding programs. To achieve this goal, a total of 146 mud crabs from four geographic populations in the southeast coast of China were collected for whole genome resequencing to investigate the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and runs of homozygosity (ROHs). Results showed that the nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00157 to 0.00160, with observed heterozygosity (0.248–0.257) approximately equal to expected heterozygosity (0.260–0.265), indicating that these populations were near Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, albeit with relatively low polymorphism. The results of PCA, population structure, phylogenetic tree, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis consistently indicated weak genetic differentiation among different geographic populations. ROHs detection revealed 47,142 ROHs in mud crabs, with over 60% shorter than 0.1 Mb. Moreover, the average genomic inbreeding coefficient estimated by ROHs (<i>F</i>_ROH = 0.0293) and homozygous sites (<i>F</i>_HOM = 0.0389) suggested relatively low inbreeding in mud crab populations. Notably, 29 candidate genes were identified in potential ROH islands, including growth and development-related genes (<i>IARS</i> and <i>UNC79</i>), which may play an important role in the adaptive evolution of mud crabs. Overall, our results would provide valuable insights for conserving, managing, and improving the genetic resources of mud crabs (<i>S. paramamosain</i>).</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into the Almond Domestication History","authors":"Stephane Decroocq,&nbsp;Amandine Cornille,&nbsp;Naïma Dlalah,&nbsp;Henri Duval,&nbsp;David Tricon,&nbsp;Benedicte Quilot,&nbsp;Wisam K. Khalid,&nbsp;Aurélie Chague,&nbsp;Iban Eduardo,&nbsp;Ignasi Batlle,&nbsp;Pavlina Drogoudi,&nbsp;Ayzin Küden,&nbsp;Bayram M. Asma,&nbsp;Tatiana Kostritsyna,&nbsp;Véronique Decroocq","doi":"10.1111/eva.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding crop domestication offers crucial insights into the evolutionary processes that drive population divergence and adaptation. It also informs the identification of genetically diverse wild germplasm, which is essential for breeding and conservation efforts. While domestication has been extensively studied in many Mediterranean fruit trees, the evolutionary history of the almond (<i>Prunus dulcis</i>) remains comparatively underexplored. To address this, we analyzed 209 wild and cultivated almond accessions sampled across Eurasia and genotyped with 23 microsatellite markers. Using population genetics and coalescent-based inference, we reconstructed the domestication history of <i>P. dulcis</i> and its relationships with wild relatives. Bayesian clustering revealed four genetically distinct clusters of cultivated almonds: Turkish, Caucasian–Central Asian, Southern Spanish, and European/North American. These groups were differentiated from wild almond species—including <i>Prunus turcomanica</i>, <i>Prunus orientalis</i>, <i>Prunus fenzliana</i>, and <i>Prunus spinosissima</i>—each forming its gene pool across the Middle East and Central Asia. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) supported a single domestication event in the Middle East, originating from either <i>P. orientalis</i> or <i>P. turcomanica</i>, with subsequent gene flow from <i>P. fenzliana</i> and <i>P. spinosissima</i> into the Turkish and Central Asian cultivated gene pools, respectively. We also inferred reciprocal introgression from cultivated almonds back into wild populations. Notably, sharka resistance—caused by plum pox virus (PPV)—was identified in three <i>P. dulcis</i> clusters and <i>P. fenzliana</i>, suggesting that resistance may have arisen independently or been maintained through crop–wild introgression. Together, our results highlight a complex and protracted domestication history for almond, shaped by contributions from multiple wild relatives and recurrent gene flow. These findings enhance our understanding of perennial crop evolution and underscore the value of wild germplasm in breeding programs aimed at increasing resilience in fruit trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Evolution: Thinking Outside of the Host","authors":"Luís M. Silva,&nbsp;Jacob C. Koella","doi":"10.1111/eva.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main theory of the evolution of virulence relies on a trade-off between virulence and transmission rate. However, it has been difficult to measure the required trade-off. A recent transmission decomposition framework explains that this might be partly due to a lack of information about the parasite's survival in the environment outside its hosts, where the parasite finds itself during transmission to its next host. In this study, we used parasite lines of the microsporidian <i>Vavraia culicis</i> with varying levels of virulence upon infecting their host, the mosquito <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>, to explore the interaction between parasite-driven virulence within its host and its survival outside of the host. The parasite lines with greater virulence and growth within their hosts had a cost in their intrinsic ability to withstand the environment, irrespective of temperature. These results underscore the importance of considering the full context of transmission and other parasite fitness traits in studying and predicting the evolution and spread of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Genomic Offsets to Inform Freshwater Fisheries Management Under Climate Change","authors":"Anna S. Jacquemart,&nbsp;Anna Tigano,&nbsp;Marika Kirstin Gale,&nbsp;Tyler Weir,&nbsp;Hillary G. M. Ward,&nbsp;Carmen M. Wong,&nbsp;Erika J. Eliason,&nbsp;Kristina M. Miller,&nbsp;Scott G. Hinch,&nbsp;Michael A. Russello","doi":"10.1111/eva.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genomic tools are becoming increasingly necessary for mitigating biodiversity loss and guiding management decisions in the context of climate change. Freshwater fish species are particularly susceptible to the impacts of changing environments, including kokanee, the resident form of sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), which has already been negatively impacted by increases in extreme temperature throughout its distribution. A previous study using whole genome resequencing of wild kokanee stocks identified 1412 environmentally associated SNPs and demonstrated genomic offset, a measure of climate vulnerability, to be significantly correlated with higher increases in extreme warm temperatures across much of the species' range in western Canada. Here, we aimed to operationalize this information for fisheries management by first developing a Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) panel populated exclusively with environment associated SNPs. We then evaluated the robustness of the GT-seq panel relative to the signal in the whole genome resequencing baseline and demonstrated a novel application of donor and recipient importance (DI/RI) analysis to inform recreational fisheries stocking decisions. We found that a reduced GT-seq panel of 616 SNPs exhibited a significant positive correlation with those calculated from the full set of 1412 SNPs across the climate change scenarios tested; similar results were obtained when adding new reference populations not included in the original whole genome resequencing baseline. The DI/RI analysis revealed clear spatial trends, with populations situated in the warmest regions of southern interior British Columbia (Canada) having the highest probability for successful translocations to different recipient locations to the north. Similarly, candidate recipient lakes for stocking at the center of the distribution had higher recipient importance values than those located towards the eastern and western range peripheries. Although further refinement is required, pairing targeted genotyping with genomic offset and DI/RI predictions holds great promise for informing freshwater fisheries management moving forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation in the Anthropocene: Using Genetics to Understand the Past and Manage for the Future of the Threatened Stephens' Kangaroo Rat","authors":"Debra M. Shier,&nbsp;Rachel Y. Chock,&nbsp;Amanda J. Zellmer,&nbsp;Aryn P. Wilder,&nbsp;Asako Y. Chaille,&nbsp;Brian Shomo,&nbsp;Oliver A. Ryder,&nbsp;Cynthia Steiner","doi":"10.1111/eva.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of biodiversity decline, reducing connectivity among populations and leading to genetic isolation, loss of diversity, increased inbreeding, and reduced fitness. Translocations that promote gene flow by introducing genetically distinct individuals—a process known as genetic rescue—can mitigate these effects by increasing genetic diversity, alleviating inbreeding, and improving adaptive capacity. However, a limited understanding of a population's demographic history, genetic differentiation, and connectivity can hinder the effective application of genetic rescue. We used the Stephens' kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys stephensi</i>), a species threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation in southern California, as a model for developing range-wide genetic management strategies. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data to investigate genetic structure and estimate both historical and recent demographic patterns, and we used landscape resistance modeling to assess the impacts of natural and anthropogenic barriers on gene flow. Genetic analyses suggest a relatively recent diversification of Stephens' kangaroo rat populations, with higher allelic diversity concentrated in central populations and reduced diversity in isolated northern and southern populations. Although natural geographic features explain much of the genetic structure, landscape resistance models showed that anthropogenic barriers (e.g., roads, development) play a key role in current genetic isolation and are expected to continue driving population differentiation. To guide management, we used population viability simulations to test translocation strategies aimed at reversing genetic erosion. Repeated translocations were far more effective than single events at boosting heterozygosity and population persistence. The frequency and size of translocations were less important than their continued implementation. For very small populations, concurrent habitat restoration to increase carrying capacity was essential to prevent extirpation. Our findings highlight the value of integrating genetic, demographic, and landscape data into conservation planning. This approach is broadly applicable to other species experiencing habitat fragmentation and population isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Born Detourers Modern Utility Dog Breeds Show Ancestry-Based Superiority in Social Learning Capacity in a Detour Task","authors":"Péter Pongrácz,&nbsp;Petra Dobos","doi":"10.1111/eva.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behaviour has crucial importance in dogs' adaptation to the anthropogenic environment. Functional breed selection, a relatively recent evolutionary event, resulted in strong differences regarding dogs' capacity for observational learning from humans. However, genetic distance among dog breeds has thus far not been connected to their social learning performance. Here we show first evidence that ancestry-based clustering of dog breeds can result in biologically relevant phenotypic differences in their capacity to learn from humans. We analysed a large database of spatial problem-solving (detour) tests, where a representative sample (<i>N</i> = 174) of cooperative and independent working dogs were sorted into 8 ancestry groups based on a genetic cladogram. We analysed whether ancestry would affect individual and social learning-based spatial problem-solving of dog breeds. Our results showed that ancestry groups with today's utility dog breeds performed this task best. Social learning was also prevalent in the ancestry group that collects English herding breeds and sight hounds as well—showing that genetically closely related cooperative and independent working dog breeds can possess similar sociocognitive traits. These results strengthen the notion that the behaviour of dog breeds can provide ecologically valid research opportunities both for proximate and ultimate evolutionary events.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Consequences of Tree Planting Versus Natural Colonisation: Implications for Afforestation Programmes in the United Kingdom","authors":"Guillermo Friis,&nbsp;Nicola Cotterill,&nbsp;Nadia Barsoum,&nbsp;Marcia Webberley,&nbsp;Mohammad Vatanparast,&nbsp;Michael Charters,&nbsp;Rômulo Carleial,&nbsp;Richard Buggs,&nbsp;James S. Borrell","doi":"10.1111/eva.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United Kingdom aims to dramatically accelerate the establishment of new woodlands by 2050, yet the impact of different afforestation strategies on landscape genetic diversity and resilience remains unclear. This study integrates environmental data, whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assessments to compare bioclimatic envelopes, genetic diversity and plant health indicators in naturally colonised versus planted populations of pedunculate oak and silver birch. We found that registered seed stands significantly under-represent the wild bioclimatic envelopes of both species, as well as those of 21 out of 39 UK native species assessed, potentially limiting adaptive diversity in planted populations. Yet, genetic diversity metrics (<i>π</i>, <i>H</i>_O and <i>A</i>_R) based on genome-wide markers in planted populations were comparable to naturally colonised woodlands. Planted populations exhibited higher within-group coancestry and moderate genetic homogenisation among sites, possibly reducing adaptive differentiation. Naturally colonised populations showed higher inbreeding coefficients (<i>F</i>_ROH) in both species, potentially due to fragmentation of source populations. Genotype–environment associations based on redundancy analysis revealed divergent selection at functionally relevant loci, indicating distinct selective pressures in commercial tree production versus natural colonisation. Health indicators revealed reduced browsing in planted trees, and differences in mildew and leaf-spot incidence, suggesting potential selection divergence between afforestation strategies. These findings support a role for both afforestation strategies in enhancing the resilience of future woodlands while highlighting pathway-specific risks of introducing unintended impacts on forest diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Prediction for Growth-Related Traits in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)","authors":"Huibang Sun,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zheng,&nbsp;Cun Wei,&nbsp;Quanqi Zhang,&nbsp;Jinxiang Liu","doi":"10.1111/eva.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Golden pompano (<i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>) is a rapidly growing marine aquaculture species along the southeast coast of China due to its favorable biological traits. However, the relatively short domestication history of marine species compared to terrestrial livestock and crops indicates untapped genetic potential. Therefore, selective breeding in marine aquaculture presents a significant opportunity for genetic improvement. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive genomic prediction to support the selection of new fast-growing varieties of golden pompano. Body weight was selected as the primary trait for evaluating growth traits. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 692 samples, resulting in 4,886,850 high-quality SNPs after filtering. Three SNP selection strategies were used for evaluating the genomic prediction accuracy, including the Evenly method, GWAS-based method, and Random method. We addressed the issue of overestimation in the GWAS-based method. After implementing cross-validation, the GWAS-based method demonstrated superior predictive accuracy across most SNP sets. Additionally, six breeding models were evaluated for their performance in genomic prediction, with GBLUP showing higher predictive ability. In terms of SNP density, we determined that 5000 SNPs selected via the Evenly method and 7000 SNPs selected via the GWAS-based method represent optimal densities for accurately predicting body weight in golden pompano. These findings provide valuable insights for reducing breeding costs while improving selection accuracy, providing a practical strategy for the selection of golden pompano with economically valuable growth traits in aquaculture breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis Reveals Inbreeding in an Island Population of Alexander Archipelago Wolves","authors":"Katherine E. Zarn,&nbsp;Gretchen H. Roffler,&nbsp;Marty Kardos,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Good,&nbsp;Daniel Vanderpool,&nbsp;Taylor Wilcox,&nbsp;Michael K. Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/eva.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Island populations are at heightened risk of inbreeding due to reduced mating opportunities with unrelated conspecifics. Extensive inbreeding can result in inbreeding depression (reduced fitness of individuals with related parents). Alexander Archipelago wolves (<i>Canis lupus ligoni</i>) are a geographically isolated subspecies that occur in the Southeast Alaskan panhandle, USA, and coastal British Columbia, Canada. Wolves on the Prince of Wales Island complex (POW) in Southeast Alaska are expected to have lower levels of resiliency because they are a small, insular population that has experienced habitat fragmentation and cycles of moderate to heavy harvest. To understand the extent of population structure and inbreeding in Alexander Archipelago wolves, we designed a DNA hybridization capture for wolves and sequenced captured DNA from 58 individuals sampled from across Southeast Alaska during 2002–2016. Estimates of the proportion of the genome in runs of homozygosity (<i>F</i>_ROH) regardless of run length, revealed that POW wolves were most inbred compared to wolves in other areas of Southeast Alaska. Wolves on POW also had more long (≥ 10 Mb) runs of homozygosity than the other populations we assessed, indicating more frequent mating between individuals with recent common ancestors (1–10 generations ago). This pattern indicates a smaller population size for POW wolves in the recent past compared to other Southeast Alaskan populations. Wolves on POW exhibit an extent of inbreeding similar to that observed in Isle Royale National Park wolves, a population that has exhibited severe inbreeding depression. Our work demonstrates the utility of using genomic capture data to infer individual inbreeding so that proactive management (e.g., setting population targets and harvest quotas, curtailing habitat alteration, etc.) can be considered to ensure the long-term sustainability of small, isolated populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}