Journal of Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Haloperidol dopamine receptor occupancy and antagonism correspond to delirium agitation scores and EPS risk: A PBPK-PD modeling analysis.","authors":"Paul M Burkat","doi":"10.1177/02698811241309620","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241309620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Numerous precipitating factors and etiologies merge into the pathophysiology of this condition which can be marked by agitation and psychosis. Judicious use of antipsychotic medications such as intravenous haloperidol reduces these symptoms and distress in critically ill individuals.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the antipsychotic medication haloperidol; estimate plasma and unbound interstitial brain concentrations for repetitive haloperidol administrations used in hyperactive delirium treatment; determine dopamine receptor occupancy and antagonism under these conditions; and correlate these results with Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores and the risk of developing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PBPK model for single and repetitive administrations of peroral and intravenous haloperidol was developed with PK-Sim software. The pharmacodynamic (PD) model for RASS scores with haloperidol unbound interstitial brain concentration passed as the regressor was developed with the MonolixSuite 2021R platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak haloperidol plasma and unbound interstitial brain concentrations following a single 2 mg intravenous dose are 32 ± 5 nM and 2.4 ± 0.4 nM. With repetitive administrations, dopamine receptor occupancy is 70%-83% and D2_LR antagonism is 1%-10%. Variations in dopamine receptor occupancy correlate with changes in RASS scores in individuals with hyperactive delirium. There is a linear association between the odds ratio of developing EPS and peak D2_LR antagonism as functions of dopamine receptor occupancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haloperidol dopamine receptor occupancy time course and D2_LR antagonism parallel RASS score changes and EPS risk, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"244-253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating agitation in neurodevelopmental disorders: A comparative study of pharmacotherapies via network meta-analysis in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disabilities.","authors":"Anees Bahji, Evan Forth, Amina Nasar, Ahmed Waqas, Emily R Hawken, Muhammad Ayub","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303654","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241303654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability often experience persistent challenges related to aggressive behaviour and agitation, highlighting the critical need for evidence-based pharmacological interventions among other strategies. Despite previous network meta-analyses (NMAs), the rapidly evolving landscape of treatment options necessitates ongoing and updated assessments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of various pharmacotherapies in managing agitation in children and adults with ASD or intellectual disabilities (ID).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a systematic review and network meta-analysis methodology, we conducted an exhaustive search across multiple databases for double-blind, randomized controlled trials focusing on pharmacotherapies targeting agitation in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, our assessment of study quality utilized the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to ensure methodological rigour and accuracy in data synthesis. Primary outcomes encompassed measures of reduced agitation, as indicated by treatment response on standardized agitation scales, alongside dropout rates, providing a comprehensive overview of treatment efficacy and tolerability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included data from 38 eligible trials, involving 2503 participants across both pediatric and adult populations. Key pharmacological interventions, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone, omega-3 fatty acids, risperidone plus palmitoylethanolamide, aripiprazole and risperidone, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing agitation compared to placebo. Importantly, these treatments were generally well-tolerated, with no significant increase in all-cause dropouts compared to placebo, highlighting their suitability for clinical use in managing agitation in individuals with ASD or ID.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the efficacy and tolerability of several pharmacotherapies in managing agitation among children and adults with ASD or ID. Our findings provide robust evidence that specific treatments, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone and omega-3 fatty acids, are both effective and well-tolerated, offering valuable therapeutic options for clinicians. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to ensure that treatment strategies remain aligned with the evolving clinical landscape, ultimately improving patient outcomes in this challenging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single injection of neuropeptide QRFP in the lateral hypothalamus decreased food intake.","authors":"Olga Zagorácz, Tamás Ollmann, László Péczely, Kristóf László, Anita Kovács, Beáta Berta, Veronika Kállai, Erika Kertes, Dávid Vörös, Daniella Dusa, Ádám Szábó, László Lénárd","doi":"10.1177/02698811241311454","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241311454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Severe eating disorders, such as obesity, bulimia, and anorexia, keep increasing to epidemic proportions worldwide. Understanding of neuropeptides' role in complex hunger/satiety mechanisms may allow new prospects for treatment and prevention. Pyroglutamylated arginine-phenylalanine-amide peptides (QRFPs) are thought to enhance feeding following the central administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study, QRFP-26 was delivered into the lateral hypothalamic area of male Wistar rats by direct microinjections, as QRFP-26 expressing neurons and binding sights are densely present in this neural structure. The consumption of liquid food was measured over 60-min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both doses (100 and 200 ng) significantly decreased food intake compared to the control treatment. Neuropeptide Y Y1R/NPFF (neuropeptide FF) antagonist BIBP3226 eliminated the anorexigenic effect caused by QRFP-26 administration. QRFP-26 affects neither general locomotion, behavioral patterns examined in the Open Field Test, nor anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to report the anorexigenic action of QRFP-26 following direct administration into the hypothalamus, emphasizing steady locomotion and anxiety levels. We have shown that the effect of QRFP can be linked to the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 or NPFF receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"254-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward effective oxytocin interventions in autism: Overcoming challenges and harnessing opportunities.","authors":"Grazia Ricchiuti, Elise Tuerlinckx, Aymara Taillieu, Jellina Prinsen, Jean Steyaert, Bart Boets, Kaat Alaerts","doi":"10.1177/02698811241309621","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241309621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intranasal administration of oxytocin is emerging as a potential pharmacological option for mitigating social difficulties and regulating stress in autism spectrum disorder. However, initial single-dose and multiple-dose trials showed mixed results, with some demonstrating improvements in social and repetitive behavior and others showing no benefit over placebo. This perspective aims to elucidate factors contributing to this variability and to highlight pitfalls and opportunities in the field. We identified two major factors: design-related elements and individual participant characteristics. Pertaining to design-related elements, optimal dosing regimens have yet to be established, but appear to favor moderate intervention durations (i.e., 4-6 weeks) with intermittent and intermediate dosing (i.e., 24-32 IU every other day). Also, the context of the intervention seems crucial, as enhanced outcomes are mainly observed when oxytocin administration is paired with a socially stimulating and supporting environment. In addition, more adequate outcome measures have to be established to effectively assess oxytocin's impact, including behavioral scales and objective biophysiological markers tapping into stress and neurophysiological regulation. Future research should also account for individual participant differences in biological sex, developmental stage and cognitive and adaptive functioning, and incorporate (epi)genetic screening to identify responders. Overall, refining study designs and personalizing intervention protocols are essential for optimizing oxytocin's prosocial and anxiolytic effect in autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic bupropion treatment reduces long-access cocaine self-administration in male and female rats.","authors":"Taylor J Templeton-Jager, Siga Diarra, Leslie K Kelley, Nicholas W Gilpin","doi":"10.1177/02698811241312680","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241312680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>More than 1 million people in the United States meet the criteria for cocaine use disorder (CUD), and over 19,000 people died from cocaine-related overdoses in 2020, but there are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of CUD. Bupropion is an antidepressant currently prescribed to treat depression and nicotine addiction that acts by inhibiting norepinephrine and dopamine transporters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we tested the effect of several doses of systemic bupropion on cocaine self-administration in male and female Wistar rats. In our first experiment, rats self-administered cocaine solution intravenously and were pretreated with systemic bupropion before self-administration sessions. In our second experiment, rats were pre-treated with bupropion before completing tests of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that high doses of systemically administered bupropion (60 mg/kg) attenuated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats during extended-access (6 h) sessions. We also found that the highest dose (60 mg/kg) of systemic bupropion was more efficacious in females relative to males during the first hour of operant sessions. Systemic bupropion did not alter locomotor activity, inactive lever presses, or food intake. The Estrous cycle did not influence cocaine intake with or without bupropion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding that bupropion attenuates cocaine self-administration suggests that bupropion may have promise for reducing cocaine use in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"282-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positive mGlu5 modulation on D₂ signaling and nicotine-conditioned place preference: Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in a transgenerational model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis.","authors":"Loren D Peeters, Liza J Wills, Anthony M Cuozzo, Cristal D Ahmed, Samuel R Massey, Wanqiu Chen, Zhong Chen, Charles Wang, Justin T Gass, Russell W Brown","doi":"10.1177/02698811241292902","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241292902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of psychosis that is suggested to have greater efficacy than antipsychotic medications that are currently utilized.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study sought to elucidate mechanisms of therapeutic action associated with the modulation of the mGlu5 receptor in a disordered system marked by dopamine dysfunction. We further explored epigenetic mechanisms contributing to heritable transmission of a psychosis-like phenotype in a novel heritable model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>F1 generation male and female Sprague-Dawley rats that were the offspring of two neonatal quinpirole-treated (QQ) or two saline-treated (SS) animals were tested on nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP). Regulators of G protein signaling 9 (RGS9) and β-arrestin 2 (βA2), which mediate dopamine (DA) D₂ signaling, were measured in the nucleus accumbens shell, prelimbic and infralimbic cortices. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) was used to analyze the cytosine methylation in these brain regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretreatment with the mGlu5-positive allosteric modulator 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) 20 min prior to conditioning trials blocked enhanced nicotine CPP and mitigated aberrant G protein-dependent and -independent signaling in QQ animals. RRBS analysis revealed region-specific changes in several pathways, including nicotine addiction, dopamine synapses, and neural connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results reveal an important region-specific mechanism of action for CDPPB in a system marked by enhanced DAD₂ receptor signaling. Results additionally reveal DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism of heritability, further validating the current model as a useful tool for the study of psychosis and comorbid nicotine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"265-281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder: Pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy in an open-label study.","authors":"Mathias Ebbesen Jensen, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Catharina Dragsted Messell, Emil Deleuran Poulsen, Tibor V Varga, Patrick McDonald Fisher, Marie Katrine Klose Nielsen, Sys Stybe Johansen, Nora D Volkow, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Anders Fink-Jensen","doi":"10.1177/02698811251319457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251319457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psilocybin, a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with psychedelic properties, shows promise as a novel treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). While current studies involve two dosing sessions, the effects of a single dose have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy of single-dose psilocybin therapy in AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This open-label, single-group study investigated single-dose psilocybin therapy in 10 treatment-seeking adults (8 men and 2 women; median age 44 years) with severe AUD. The treatment involved two preparation sessions, a high-dose psilocybin session (25 mg) and two integration sessions. Pharmacokinetics were determined by noncompartmental analysis, and changes in alcohol consumption, craving and self-efficacy, were assessed using a linear mixed model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notable between-participant pharmacokinetic variations were observed, with peak plasma psilocin concentrations ranging from 14 to 59 µg/L. Alcohol consumption significantly decreased over the 12 weeks following psilocybin administration. Heavy drinking days were reduced by 37.5 percentage points (95% CI: -61.1 to -13.9, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and drinks per day decreased by 3.4 drinks (95% CI: -6.5 to -0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.03). This was corroborated by reports of rapid and sustained reductions in craving and increases in self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite pharmacokinetic variations, a single 25 mg psilocybin dose was safe and effective in reducing alcohol consumption in AUD patients. Larger randomised, placebo-controlled, single-dose AUD trials are warranted.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04718792.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251319457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute subanesthetic ketamine-induced effects on the mismatch negativity and their relationship to early and sustained treatment response in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Sara de la Salle, Jennifer L Phillips, Pierre Blier, Verner Knott","doi":"10.1177/02698811251319456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251319456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces robust antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). The mismatch negativity (MMN) is reliant on glutamatergic neurotransmission and reduced by NMDAR antagonists. The MMN may characterise the neural mechanisms underlying ketamine's effects.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined the acute effects of ketamine and midazolam on the MMN and its relationship to early and sustained decreases in depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Treatment-resistant MDD patients (<i>N</i> = 24), enrolled in a multi-phase clinical ketamine trial, received two intravenous infusions within an initial double-blind crossover phase: ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (30 μg/kg). Three recordings were carried out per session (pre-, immediately post- and 2 h post-infusion). Peak MMN amplitude (μV), latency (ms), theta event-related oscillations (EROs), theta phase locking factor (PLF) and source-localised MMN generator activity were assessed. Relationships between changes in MMN indices and early (Phase 1: double-blind, cross-over phase) and sustained (Phases 2, 3: open-label repeated and maintenance phases, respectively) changes in depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ketamine reduced frontal MMN amplitudes, theta ERO immediately post- and 2 h post-infusion and source-localised peak MMN frontal generator activity. Select baseline and ketamine-induced MMN decreases correlated and predicted greater early (left frontal MMN decreases in amplitude and theta ERO, baseline left PLF) and sustained (baseline left PLF, right inferior temporal activity) symptom reductions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute NMDARs blockade reduced frontal MMN, with larger MMN reductions predicting greater symptom improvement. The MMN may serve as a non-invasive biomarker predicting antidepressant response to glutamatergic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251319456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative natural language processing markers of psychoactive drug effects: A pre-registered systematic review.","authors":"Sachin Ahuja, Farida Zaher, Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1177/02698811251319455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251319455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychoactive substances used for recreational purposes have mind-altering effects, but systematic evaluation of these effects is largely limited to self-reports. Automated analysis of expressed language (speech and written text) using natural language processing (NLP) tools can provide objective readouts of mental states. In this pre-registered systematic review, we investigate findings from applying the emerging field of computational linguistics to substance use with specific focus on identifying short-term effects of psychoactive drugs. From the literature identified to date, we note that all the studied drugs - stimulants, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cannabis, ketamine and psychedelics - affect language production. Based on two or more studies per substance, we note some emerging patterns: stimulants increase verbosity; lysergic acid diethylamide reduces the lexicon; MDMA increases semantic proximity to emotional words; psilocybin increases positive sentiment and cannabis affects speech stream acoustics. Ketamine and other drugs are understudied regarding NLP features (one or no studies). One study provided externally validated support for NLP and machine learning-based identification of MDMA intoxication. We could not undertake a meta-analysis due to the high degree of heterogeneity among outcome measures and the lack of sufficient number of studies. We identify a need for harmonised speech tasks to improve replicability and comparability, standardisation of methods for curating and analysing speech and text data, theory-driven inquiries and the need for developing a shared 'substance use language corpus' for data mining. The growing field of computational linguistics can be utilized to advance human behavioral pharmacology of psychoactive substances. Achieving this will require concerted efforts towards consistency in research methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251319455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recasting the role of electroconvulsive therapy and the electroconvulsive therapy practitioner: For severe illness, not necessarily treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Randall T Espinoza, Charles H Kellner, Alexander Sartorius, Axel Nordenskjöld","doi":"10.1177/02698811251319469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251319469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251319469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}