{"title":"Meta-analysis of clozapine and somnolence in schizophrenia.","authors":"Matthew R Hopkins, Brian J Miller","doi":"10.1177/02698811251364385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251364385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clozapine has anti-suicidal properties and significant effects on sleep. Sleep disturbances are associated with suicide risk. Daytime somnolence and sedation are commonly reported adverse effects of clozapine treatment.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis of somnolence in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. We included RCTs, in English, with data on somnolence in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine versus other antipsychotics. Data were pooled using a random effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two RCTs (2991 patients: 1404 on clozapine and 1587 on other antipsychotics) met inclusion criteria. Patients treated with clozapine had a significantly increased odds of somnolence compared to other antipsychotics (36.3% vs 21.9%, OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.65-2.57, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Clozapine was also associated with significantly increased odds of somnolence compared to olanzapine and risperidone. In meta-regression analyses, clozapine dose, age, sex, race, and publication year were unrelated to the association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clozapine is associated with significantly more somnolence, compared to other antipsychotics. A greater mechanistic understanding of associations between sleep changes and suicide risk in patients treated with clozapine is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251364385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel L Young, Richard N Powell, Anna Powell, Lisa L M Welling, Lauren Granata, Jaime Saal
{"title":"Solriamfetol improves daily fatigue symptoms in adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome after 8 weeks of treatment.","authors":"Joel L Young, Richard N Powell, Anna Powell, Lisa L M Welling, Lauren Granata, Jaime Saal","doi":"10.1177/02698811251368371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251368371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term illness with no treatment options that address the disease directly. Solriamfetol is a selective dual norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that promotes wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol for fatigue symptoms in adults with ME/CFS over 8 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a phase 4, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of solriamfetol in adults with ME/CFS. Eligible participants (<i>N</i> = 38) were randomly assigned to receive 75 mg (titrated to 150 mg as needed) solriamfetol or placebo. Participants completed a battery of assessments at weekly visits. The primary outcome was Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) scores, and the secondary outcome measure was Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults (BRIEF-A), at Weeks 6 and 8. T-tests assessed the differences in mean change from baseline between solriamfetol and placebo. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Week 8 (<i>p</i> = 0.039), but not Week 6 (<i>p</i> = 0.270), solriamfetol improved FSI severity compared to placebo. On the BRIEF-A global executive composite, solriamfetol improved more than placebo at Week 8 (<i>p</i> = 0.012), driven by improved metacognition index (<i>p</i> = 0.004), but not behavioral regulation index (<i>p</i> = 0.574). Solriamfetol was well tolerated, with most common AEs being sleep loss and headaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Solriamfetol demonstrated good safety and efficacy in improving fatigue and executive functioning in patients with ME/CFS. As a dual norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and wakefulness-promoting factors, solriamfetol has the potential to improve fatigue symptoms of ME/CFS.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>NCT04622293.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251368371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramona L Martinez, Nina Radošić, Hanna Molla, Harriet de Wit, Sonja Lyubomirsky
{"title":"The empathogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, but not methamphetamine, increases feelings of global trust.","authors":"Ramona L Martinez, Nina Radošić, Hanna Molla, Harriet de Wit, Sonja Lyubomirsky","doi":"10.1177/02698811251370999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251370999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The empathogen and psychostimulant 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is thought to boost both subjective well-being and social connection. Although MDMA is considered to enhance social connection to a greater extent than other stimulant drugs, few studies have compared MDMA to other stimulants. In addition, previous studies have focused on social positivity effects (e.g., increased trust) for specific in-lab interaction partners without considering more generalized social positivity effects (e.g., trust in one's community).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We tested the effects of MDMA on subjective ratings of well-being and global social connection, including feelings of trust toward one's community and society. The effects of MDMA were compared to a prototypic stimulant, methamphetamine (MA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Across two studies, we examined differences in subjective well-being and global social well-being 90 minutes after a conversation on MDMA (study 1; <i>N</i> = 15; 100 mg) and after a conversation on MA (study 2; <i>N</i> = 20; 20 mg) compared to a placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After MDMA, participants reported significantly higher global trust, <i>t</i>(14) = -2.583, <i>p</i> = 0.022, and marginally higher self-worth, <i>t</i>(14) = -2.000, <i>p</i> = 0.065, compared with after the placebo. Furthermore, MA did not alter scores of subjective well-being and social connection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings extend previous research by demonstrating that MDMA increases feelings of trust in the social world beyond lab-specific interaction partners. These findings are consistent with user reports of generalized social well-being effects and support the idea that MDMA may have clinical value from a social psychological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251370999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loss of responsiveness on reinstatement of antidepressants after treatment interruption - A systematic review.","authors":"Ninoslav Majkic, David Taylor","doi":"10.1177/02698811251364388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251364388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The societal burden of depression continues to increase despite the greater use of antidepressants. It is not clear why wider antidepressant prescribing has not reduced the impact of depression at a population level. One possible explanation is that intermittent use of antidepressants at an individual level might reduce responsiveness to antidepressants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched EMBASE and PubMed from the beginning of records to June 2024 for articles describing loss of response to antidepressants (in any psychiatric condition) occurring as a result of interruption in treatment. We did not restrict our search with respect to language or date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 6869 articles of potential interest, of which 5360 were excluded after initial screening by title, and 1453 were excluded as duplicates. We ultimately included 12 studies that provided data on 594 participants. Non-response was reported in 4%-57% of people who stopped and restarted antidepressant treatment that was previously effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-continuous consumption of antidepressants leads to a loss of responsiveness in an important proportion of people. Intermittent adherence to antidepressants may lessen their effectiveness and explain the relationship between wider antidepressant use and increased societal burden of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251364388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145053826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephan C Tap, Kelan Thomas, Tomáš Páleníček, Dea S Stenbæk, Albino J Oliveira-Maia, Jens van Dalfsen, Robert Schoevers
{"title":"Concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics: A scoping review.","authors":"Stephan C Tap, Kelan Thomas, Tomáš Páleníček, Dea S Stenbæk, Albino J Oliveira-Maia, Jens van Dalfsen, Robert Schoevers","doi":"10.1177/02698811251368360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251368360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classic psychedelics are increasingly studied as potential treatments for different psychiatric disorders. Current research protocols often require patients to discontinue antidepressants (ADs) for at least 2 weeks before psychedelic administration to decrease the risk of serotonin syndrome and limit their effect on efficacy and the acute subjective effects of psychedelics. Moreover, the discontinuation of ADs represents a significant burden to patients that could also worsen their depression status and increase suicidal ideation. Together, this suggests that the general recommendation for AD discontinuation might be unnecessary and even detrimental to the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics. In this scoping review, we summarise the existing literature on the concomitant use of conventional ADs with classic psychedelics in humans with the aims to assess safety, tolerability, efficacy, and subjective effects. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases to retrieve relevant literature from inception to March 3, 2025. Data were systematically charted from included studies. We included 18 studies and found that the concomitant use of ADs and classic psychedelics is generally safe and tolerable, with no increased risk of serotonin syndrome, particularly for psilocybin. Some studies reported significant improvements in depression and other mental health symptoms. While some evidence indicates a potential attenuation of acute subjective psychedelic effects, this was not observed in all studies. Accordingly, we conclude that the use of ADs can be maintained to enhance patient access to psychedelic treatments and avoid the risk of AD discontinuation syndrome. Finally, this review highlights limitations and several knowledge gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in future randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251368360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie G Elliott, Jeremy A Metha, Daniel Hoyer, Laura H Jacobson
{"title":"Rapid eye movement sleep: Who needs it? Creativity mechanisms and psychiatric applications of REM sleep enhancement.","authors":"Jamie G Elliott, Jeremy A Metha, Daniel Hoyer, Laura H Jacobson","doi":"10.1177/02698811251365179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251365179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) has historically been associated with anecdotal 'creative insights', possibly due to the fantastical and ostensibly illuminating nature of its associated phenomena (dreams). REMS, characterised by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia, and high-energy neuronal activity, has been linked to memory consolidation and information processing, particularly regarding the formation of novel associations or reintegration of consolidated memories into new cognitive networks. However, studies in these domains have largely used methodology which deprived subjects (animal or human) of REMS, rather than enhanced it. Assumptions about the positive effects of enhancing REMS have thus been largely theoretical since they are based on REMS inhibition rather than REMS stimulation. The present review aims to summarise the scientific perspective on the relationship between REMS and creativity, highlights its possible applications in neuropsychiatric disorders and outlines the potential clinical use of orexin receptor antagonists in this context. The orexin system plays a central role in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness physiology, and dual orexin receptor antagonists enhance REMS. This feature enables investigations into the effect of enhancing REMS on creativity and the associated potential therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by rigid thinking patterns and disruptions in cognitive flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251365179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damian Swieczkowski, Aleksander Kwaśny, Patrycja Ciurkowska, Michal Pruc, Lukasz Szarpak, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała
{"title":"Unequal representation? A cross-sectional analysis of age, sex, race, and ethnicity in clinical trials of classic psychedelics.","authors":"Damian Swieczkowski, Aleksander Kwaśny, Patrycja Ciurkowska, Michal Pruc, Lukasz Szarpak, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała","doi":"10.1177/02698811251353250","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251353250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although classic psychedelic trials show therapeutic potential, the limited diversity of participants raises concerns about generalizability and safety.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study assesses the representation of race, ethnicity, and sex in interventional clinical trials of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to evaluate disparities in participant diversity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of interventional trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov up to 12 January 2025 that focused on classic psychedelics (psilocybin, psilocin, LSD, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and mescaline). Eligible trials were phases 2-4 and targeted psychiatric disorders or symptoms. Trials involving only healthy participants were excluded. Two reviewers extracted trial-level data independently; discrepancies were resolved by consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine eligible trials included eight with psilocybin and one with LSD. In the psilocybin trials (<i>n</i> = 501), the age of participants ranged from 34.3 to 56.3 years; 47.7% were women. White participants accounted for 87.2%, while Black participants accounted for 3.0%, and Asian individuals accounted for 5.0%. Ethnicity was reported in 4 of 8 psilocybin trials (<i>n</i> = 134), with 13.4% identifying as Hispanic or Latino. In four U.S.-only trials(<i>n</i> = 139), participation-to-population ratios (PPRs) confirmed the underrepresentation of Black (PPR = 0.317) and Asian participants (PPR = 0.799). The LSD trial (<i>n</i> = 11) included older adults (average age: 51.7 years) who did not provide any information on race or origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The limited diversity in psychedelic trials demonstrates the need for broader recruitment. Without better representation, the safety and efficacy of these therapies remain uncertain. Standardized reporting and targeted strategies are essential to ensure equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1014-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Out of control: Blinding, dose response, and psychosocial controls in psychedelic trials.","authors":"Sandeep M Nayak, Zarmeen Zahid","doi":"10.1177/02698811251368367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251368367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As psychedelic clinical trials expand in scale and influence, foundational challenges in trial design have come into sharper focus. In this commentary, we examine three interrelated issues: 1) the failure of blinding in psychedelic trials, 2) the potential of alternate controls including dose-response designs as an empirical workaround, and 3) the persistent ambiguity surrounding psychosocial control conditions. We argue that efforts to preserve traditional placebo-controlled frameworks are often inadequate due to the unmistakable subjective effects of psychedelics and the therapeutic relevance of those effects themselves. Instead, we highlight alternative designs including graded dose comparisons and unblinded comparative efficacy studies as pragmatic paths forward. Finally, we outline a proposal for empirically isolating the role of psychotherapy in psychedelic treatment, emphasizing the need for operational definitions, fidelity monitoring, and careful risk mitigation. These issues are unlikely to be resolved by any single design; rather, progress will require triangulating evidence across multiple imperfect but complementary methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251368367"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A systematic review and narrative summary of the therapeutic potential of classic serotonergic psychedelics for smoking cessation and reduction.","authors":"Dillon L Glenn, Seung Hee Choi, Rick S Zimmerman","doi":"10.1177/02698811251353251","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251353251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Classic serotonergic psychedelics are 5-HT2A partial agonists that induce non-ordinary states of consciousness. Many have demonstrated anti-addictive properties; however, their impact on smoking behaviors remains under-researched. This review provides a synthesis of the therapeutic potential of these compounds in promoting smoking cessation and reduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies on psychedelics and smoking outcomes, published in English, was conducted. Database searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE resulted in 3547 records. ASReview, an open-source machine-learning tool, was used to improve the screening process. Abstract and initial review screening excluded 2336 articles, leaving 29 full-text articles for review. After further exclusion based on the inclusion of psychedelics and reported outcomes, eight studies were included in the analysis. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heterogeneity in the data was observed. All studies showed a serious risk of bias. Psilocybin was the most frequently reported compound (<i>n</i> = 7), followed by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; <i>n</i> = 5), mescaline (<i>n</i> = 4), ayahuasca (<i>n</i> = 4), peyote (<i>n</i> = 2), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (<i>n</i> = 1). Psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca revealed preliminary therapeutic potential for facilitating smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current literature on psychedelics' anti-addictive effects on smoking behaviors is promising but limited by weak study designs and low generalizability. Future research should allow for stronger sampling methods to improve statistical power and include comparative groups within experimental or quasi-experimental designs to strengthen inference for causal mechanisms between drug and nondrug influences on smoking outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"930-939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusanna Bjurenfalk, Alva Cosmo, Otto Simonsson, Caroline Ran
{"title":"Lifetime classic psychedelic use and headaches: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Zusanna Bjurenfalk, Alva Cosmo, Otto Simonsson, Caroline Ran","doi":"10.1177/02698811251324372","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811251324372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine and cluster headache are two primary headache disorders for which conventional treatments are limited. Classic psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are potentially promising new treatment candidates for these conditions.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship between the lifetime use of classic psychedelics and frequent bad headaches in a large British cohort sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data (<i>N</i> = 11,419) collected in 1999-2000 as part of the 1958 British National Child Development Study, this cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression, controlling for a range of potential confounders, to test the hypothesis that lifetime use of classic psychedelics would be associated with lower odds of having frequent bad headaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lifetime use of classic psychedelics was associated with 25% lower odds of having frequent bad headaches (adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present study add to the literature suggesting classic psychedelics as a possible future prophylactic treatment option for primary headache disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"968-975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}