Journal of Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Repurposing of erythropoietin as a neuroprotective agent against methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity in rats.","authors":"Nadine C Sabry, Haidy E Michel, Esther T Menze","doi":"10.1177/02698811241295379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241295379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic drug that can trigger neurotoxicity via enhancing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. On the other hand, erythropoietin (EPO) functions as an antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory agent, in addition to its hematopoietic effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was developed to examine the neuroprotective impact of EPO against MTX-provoked neurotoxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chemo fog was elicited in Wistar rats via injection of one dosage of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p) on the sixth day of the study. EPO was injected at 500 IU/kg/day, i.p for 10 successive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTX triggered memory and learning impairment as evidenced by Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and Y-maze cognitive tests. In addition, MTX induced oxidative stress as evident from the decline in hippocampal Nrf2 and HO-1 levels. MTX brought about apoptosis, as demonstrated by the elevation in p53, caspase-3, and Bax levels, as well as the decrease in Bcl2 levels. MTX also decreased Beclin-1, an autophagy-related marker, and increased P62 expression. In addition, MTX downregulated Sirt-1/AKT/FoxO3a pathway and increased miRNA-34a gene expression. Moreover, MTX increased acetylcholinesterase activity and reduced neurogenesis. EPO administration remarkably counteracted MTX-induced molecular and behavioral disorders in rat hippocampi.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings impart preclinical indication for repurposing of EPO as a promising neuroprotective agent through modulating miRNA-34a, autophagy, and the Sirt-1/FoxO3a signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241295379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising strategies for the prevention of alcohol-related brain damage through optimised management of acute alcohol withdrawal: A focussed literature review.","authors":"Darren Quelch, Anne Lingford-Hughes, Bev John, David Nutt, Sally Bradberry, Gareth Roderique-Davies","doi":"10.1177/02698811241294005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241294005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an increasing awareness of the link between chronic alcohol consumption and the development of cognitive, behavioural and functional deficits. Currently, preventative strategies are limited and require engagement in dedicated long-term rehabilitation and sobriety services, the availability of which is low. The acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome is an episode of neurochemical imbalance leading to autonomic dysregulation, increased seizure risk and cognitive disorientation. In addition to harm from symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (e.g. seizures), the underpinning neurochemical changes may also lead to cytotoxicity through various cellular mechanisms, which long-term, may translate to some of the cognitive impairments observed in Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD). Here we review some of the pharmacological and neurochemical mechanisms underpinning alcohol withdrawal. We discuss the cellular and pharmacological basis of various potential neuroprotective strategies that warrant further exploration in clinical populations with a view to preventing the development of ARBD. Such strategies, when integrated into the clinical management of acute alcohol withdrawal, may impact large populations of individuals, who currently face limited dedicated service delivery and healthcare resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241294005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to clinical treatment of bipolar versus unipolar depressive episodes in women versus men.","authors":"Ross John Baldessarini, Alessandro Miola, Gustavo Vázquez, Leonardo Tondo","doi":"10.1177/02698811241292946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241292946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether responses to treatment of major depressive episodes differ between women and men or with bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) remains unresolved.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To test for diagnostic and sex differences in responses to treatment of depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared changes in the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS₂₁) ratings of depression (<i>n</i> = 3243) between women (64.7%) and men, and between DSM-5-TR BD ([<i>n</i> = 253] and subtypes I [BD1] vs II [BD2]) and MDD (<i>n</i> = 2990), using bivariate comparisons and multivariate modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatments included clinically individualized use of antidepressants (by 92.4%, in doses averaging 90.0 mg/day imipramine-equivalent), sometimes with mood-stabilizing agents (32.1%), second-generation antipsychotics (18.8%), or psychotherapy (38.6%). Depression ratings decreased by 60.6% to a final mean HDRS score of 7.44; response rate (⩾50% reduction in HDRS) averaged 63.7%. Outcomes were very similar in women and men as well as with BD versus MDD, and between BD subtypes. Moreover, age, duration of illness, initial HDRS score, dose of antidepressant, and weeks of treatment, as well as sex and diagnosis were not associated with improvement of HDRS with treatment. Only 6/42 comparisons involving 21 individual HDRS items differed significantly in improvement between sexes or diagnoses. Results were very similar to the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale depression ratings. Only 2.0% of the subjects experienced mood-switching into clinical (hypo)mania and the final Young Mania Rating Scale ratings averaged 0.63.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Responses to clinical treatment (as % reduction of HDRS score, response rate, or final HDRS score) of depressed women versus men, and BD (including BD1 vs BD2) versus MDD were substantial and very similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241292946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associative memory in alcohol-related contexts: An fMRI study with young binge drinkers.","authors":"Rui Pedro Serafim Rodrigues, Sónia Silva Sousa, Eduardo López-Caneda, Natália Almeida-Antunes, Alberto Jacobo González-Villar, Adriana Sampaio, Alberto Crego","doi":"10.1177/02698811241282624","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241282624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol-related cues are known to influence craving levels, a hallmark of alcohol misuse. Binge drinking (BD), a pattern of heavy alcohol use, has been associated with cognitive and neurofunctional alterations, including alcohol attentional bias, memory impairments, as well as disrupted activity in prefrontal- and reward-related regions. However, literature is yet to explore how memories associated with alcohol-related cues are processed by BDs, and how the recall of this information may influence their reward processing.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to investigate the neurofunctional signatures of BD during an associative memory task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In all, 36 university students, 20 BDs and 16 alcohol abstainers, were asked to memorize neutral objects paired with either alcohol or non-alcohol-related contexts. Subsequently, neutral stimuli were presented, and participants were asked to classify them as being previously paired with alcohol- or non-alcohol-related contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While behavioral performance was similar in both groups, during the recall of alcohol-related cues, BDs showed increased brain activation in two clusters including the thalamus, globus pallidus and dorsal striatum, and cerebellum and occipital fusiform gyrus, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that BDs display augmented brain activity in areas responsible for mental imagery and reward processing when trying to recall alcohol-related cues, which might ultimately contribute to alcohol craving, even without being directly exposed to an alcohol-related context. These results highlight the importance of considering how alcohol-related contexts may influence alcohol-seeking behavior and, consequently, the maintenance or increase in alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"972-985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary nicotine consumption and reward in a subset of diversity outbred founder strains.","authors":"Yumna Rahman, Belle Buzzi, Walker Rogers, Michael F Miles, M Imad Damaj","doi":"10.1177/02698811241269691","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241269691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine is largely responsible for the initiation and maintenance of tobacco dependence and contributes to a global health problem.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study characterizes nicotine oral consumption and preference in male and female mice of several Diversity Outbred (DO) founder strains: C57BL/6J, A/J, 129S1/SvImJ, PWK/PhJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, and CAST/EiJ. It assesses the impact of nicotine concentration on intake and preference, the potential interaction of strain with sex, and estimates the degree of heritable variation in nicotine consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two-bottle choice oral self-administration paradigm was used to assess nicotine intake, nicotine preference, and total fluid intake in male and female mice of each strain in a concentration-response manner. A conditioned place preference (CPP) test was performed to evaluate the rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine in certain strains after systemic administration of the drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest nicotine-consuming strain was found to be 129S1/SvlmJ, and the lowest nicotine-consuming strain was A/J. Strain differences in nicotine intake were not due to differences in bitter and sweet tastes as shown in the saccharine and quinine two-bottle choice tests. A/J strain showed no significant CPP for nicotine while the 129S1/SvImJ strain showed a significant CPP for nicotine and a higher preference when compared to the C57BL/6J strain. Heritability estimates of nicotine intake were sex dependent and concentration dependent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data support that nicotine consumption patterns are heritable with an influence of genotype in a voluntary oral self-administration paradigm. Results pave the way for future studies with the highly recombinant DO mice that might lead to the identification of novel genetic loci and genes influencing nicotine consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1007-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin release by parachloroamphetamine in rats with high and low sociability: High prefrontal release capacity in sociable females.","authors":"Marianna Norden, Margus Kanarik, Karita Laugus, Aet O'Leary, Kristi Liiver, Margus Tõnissaar, Ruth Shimmo, Jaanus Harro","doi":"10.1177/02698811241283710","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241283710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social behaviour is the expression of one of the most generally accepted independent dimensions of personality. Serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in typical social response and drugs that promote serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) release have prosocial effects. By using the social interaction test, we have previously demonstrated sociability as a temperamental trait in male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess sociability in male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain and in female rats of both Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strain, and extracellular levels of 5-HT in rats with high and low sociability (high sociability (HS)- and low sociability (LS)-rats).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Social interaction test conducted with different weight-matched partners was used to assess sociability, and in vivo, microdialysis was performed before and after administration of a low dose (2 mg/kg) of parachloroamphetamine (PCA) in the prefrontal cortex, dorsamedial striatum and ventral tegmental area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similarly to male Wistar rats, female Wistars and Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes displayed trait-wise sociability. Male Wistar HS-rats had lower extracellular levels of 5-HT in prefrontal cortex at baseline and after administration of PCA, and higher PCA-induced increase of extracellular 5-HT in ventral tegmental area. In dorsomedial striatum, PCA elicited a comparable increase in extracellular dopamine in HS- and LS-rats, but higher release of 5-HT in HS-rats. Comparison of PCA-induced 5-HT release in prefrontal cortex of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats revealed a larger 5-HT response in female HS-rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>5-HT release potential is higher in rats with high expression of sociability trait, whereas some regionally variable differences may be related to relative contributions of social motivation and anxiety in shaping social behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1016-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-level associations among THC, CBD, social context, and subjective effects during Cannabis use episodes.","authors":"Yi-Chun Chang, Renee E Magnan, Michael J Cleveland, Benjamin O Ladd","doi":"10.1177/02698811241269800","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241269800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited research considers the quantity and potency of cannabis products along with social context on the subjective effects of real-world cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined the subjective effects of acute use as a function of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) doses and social context during cannabis use episodes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ninety-six participants (43.75% male, <i>M</i>_age = 35.73) reporting weekly cannabis use completed a baseline self-report battery assessing cannabis use. Then, THC and CBD potency and quantity of the cannabis product, social context, and subjective experience were assessed through self-initiated surveys after cannabis use episodes during a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater feeling high and liking were significantly associated with a higher THC dose than one's average (<i>b</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>b</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and social use (<i>b</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>b</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.01). A higher CBD dose than one's average (<i>b</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.04) was significantly associated with greater liking. A significant interaction effect of THC dose and social context (<i>b</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was observed such that solitary use had a negative association between THC dose and disliking (<i>b</i> = -0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and social use had a null association (<i>b</i> = 0.003, <i>p</i> = 0.25). Individuals with greater cannabis problems reported lower liking (<i>b</i> = -0.18, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and higher disliking (<i>b</i> = 0.08, <i>p</i> = 0.02), but not feeling high, on average, across the EMA protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social context plays an important role in the subjective experience of cannabis use. Interventions targeting cannabis problems could highlight the evidence that individuals with greater cannabis problems might experience less liking but more disliking in general across use episodes to effectively challenge expectancies/motives of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"961-971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of childhood adversity on acute subjective effects of stimulant and opioid drugs: Evidence from placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Molly Carlyle, Harriet de Wit, Siri Leknes","doi":"10.1177/02698811241268892","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241268892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Early-life adversities are known to alter drug reward processing in rodents. Despite the well-known link between early adversity and the risk of substance use disorder, few studies have measured how childhood adversity affects human drug reward. Here, we assessed the relationship between historical childhood adversities and responses to single doses of methamphetamine, d-amphetamine or buprenorphine in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a secondary analysis approach, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity on drug effects from three randomised, placebo-controlled studies in which healthy volunteers received methamphetamine (20 mg oral; <i>n</i> = 35), d-amphetamine (20 mg oral; <i>n</i> = 54) or buprenorphine (0.2 mg sublingual; <i>n</i> = 35). Ratings of <i>feeling effect, liking, disliking, feeling high</i> and <i>wanting more</i> of the drug were collected 15-210 min post-administration, and heart rate changes were analysed using random-intercept mixed-effect models. The area under the curve from these and previous studies was calculated to visualise the relationship between childhood adversity severity and drug effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater childhood adversity was associated with reduced <i>feel effects</i> (significant three-way interactions <i>b</i> = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.12, -0.02], <i>p</i> = 0.009), <i>like effects</i> (<i>b</i> = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.00], <i>p</i> = 0.038) and <i>feel high</i> (<i>b</i> = -0.06, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.01], <i>p</i> = 0.020) towards the stimulant drugs 90-180 min post-administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Childhood adversity was not significantly associated with other subjective or heart rate responses to the drugs. Overall, participants with more childhood adversities reported dampened subjective responses to stimulant drugs, but not to buprenorphine. Future studies should examine the generalisability of these relationships, to identify the mechanisms underlying the link between childhood adversity and drug responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"986-997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regular cannabis use modulates gamma activity in brain regions serving motor control.","authors":"Lauren K Webert, Mikki Schantell, Jason A John, Anna T Coutant, Hannah J Okelberry, Lucy K Horne, Megan E Sandal, Amirsalar Mansouri, Tony W Wilson","doi":"10.1177/02698811241268876","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241268876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who regularly use cannabis exhibit altered brain dynamics during cognitive control tasks, though the impact of regular cannabis use on the neural dynamics serving motor control remains less understood.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We sought to investigate how regular cannabis use modulates the neural dynamics serving motor control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four people who regularly use cannabis (cannabis+) and 33 nonusers (cannabis-) underwent structured interviews about their substance use history and performed the Eriksen flanker task to map the neural dynamics serving motor control during high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG). The resulting neural data were transformed into the time-frequency domain to examine oscillatory activity and were imaged using a beamforming approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MEG sensor-level analyses revealed robust beta (16-24 Hz) and gamma oscillations (66-74 Hz) during motor planning and execution, which were imaged using a beamformer. Both responses peaked in the left primary motor cortex and voxel time series were extracted to evaluate the spontaneous and oscillatory dynamics. Our key findings indicated that the cannabis+ group exhibited weaker spontaneous gamma activity in the left primary motor cortex relative to the cannabis- group, which scaled with cannabis use and behavioral metrics. Interestingly, regular cannabis use was not associated with differences in oscillatory beta and gamma activity, and there were no group differences in spontaneous beta activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that regular cannabis use is associated with suppressed spontaneous gamma activity in the left primary motor cortex, which scales with the degree of cannabis use disorder symptomatology and is coupled to behavioral task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"949-960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving performance and ocular activity following acute administration of 10 mg methylphenidate: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Blair Aitken, Luke A Downey, Serah Rose, Thomas R Arkell, Brook Shiferaw, Amie C Hayley","doi":"10.1177/02698811241286715","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241286715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methylphenidate is a routinely prescribed treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with misuse potential owing to its perceived performance-enhancing and euphoric properties. Although clinically effective, there is limited understanding of how methylphenidate affects safety-sensitive tasks such as driving when used by healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Explore the acute effects of 10 mg methylphenidate on driving performance and gaze behaviour.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five fully licensed, healthy adults (mean age = 33.5 ± 7.8 years, 64% male) took part in two 40-min simulated highway drives with simultaneous eye movements monitored using a proprietary automotive-grade driver monitoring system (Seeing Machines). Driving performance was assessed using the standard deviation of lateral position, standard deviation of speed and steering variability. Visual scanning efficiency was determined using ocular metrics, such as fixation duration and rate, gaze transition entropy, and stationary gaze entropy, were assessed to determine visual scanning efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methylphenidate significantly improved driving performance by reducing lane weaving and speed variation, particularly in the latter half of the drive. Although a significant reduction in fixation duration was observed, all other ocular metrics remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Methylphenidate mitigates performance decrements typically associated with prolonged and monotonous driving. The absence of pronounced oculomotor effects suggests that a single 10 mg dose of methylphenidate has no deleterious impact on visual scanning behaviour during driving tasks with low-to-moderate cognitive demand. Future research should investigate the effects of methylphenidate under various dosing and driving conditions to better understand its impact.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ACTRN12620000499987.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"998-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}