Journal of Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Hemispheric annealing and lateralization under psychedelics (HEALS): A novel hypothesis of psychedelic action in the brain.","authors":"Adam W Levin","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current models of psychedelic action in the brain propose changes along the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes but neglect to address the lateral axis. This article proposes a novel model of psychedelic action called HEALS (Hemispheric Annealing and Lateralization Under Psychedelics) which involves the reversal of the typical hierarchical relationship between the two hemispheres of the brain. In typical modes of consciousness, the hemispheres act in parallel process with the left predominating. Under psychedelics, as well as in other altered states of consciousness (ASCs), this hierarchy is reversed, with the right hemisphere released from inhibition by the left. In support of this model, the available neuroimaging evidence for lateralization under psychedelics is reviewed. Then, various cognitive and emotional changes observed under psychedelics are contrasted with those same functions in each hemisphere. These include attention; social and emotional intelligence; creativity and insight; and language. The article concludes with a review of laterality in other ASCs, such as meditative and trance states, and suggests that many phenomena associated with psychedelics, and other ASCs, might be explained by an atypical annealing between the hemispheres toward right hemisphere predominance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a risk of addiction to ketamine during the treatment of depression? A systematic review of available literature.","authors":"Gianmarco Ingrosso, Anthony J Cleare, Mario F Juruena","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ketamine has demonstrated both rapid and sustained efficacy in treating depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, concerns regarding the addictive potential of ketamine during long-term depression treatment persist among clinicians.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review aimed to summarise the evidence on addiction phenomena associated with ketamine treatment of depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Global Health databases, with additional relevant studies identified through reference lists. Sixteen studies were included, comprising six randomised controlled trials, three single-arm open-label studies, one retrospective study, three case series and three case reports, for a total of 2174 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The studies employed various routes of administration, including intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, oral and sublingual. Ketamine was administered in the racemic form, except for the studies that utilised intranasal esketamine. Among the included population, four patients were reported to exhibit clear signs of tolerance to the antidepressant effect of ketamine or dependence on the drug, while the majority did not. Cases of addiction phenomena reported in studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the heterogeneity in study designs and outcome assessment methods, the review underscores the relative safety of ketamine treatment for adult patients with depression, emphasising the importance of medically supervised administration, vigilant monitoring and judicious dosing. Future long-term studies employing quantitative scales to assess dependence phenomena could contribute to strengthening the evidence for the safe and effective use of ketamine in the treatment of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating agitation in neurodevelopmental disorders: A comparative study of pharmacotherapies via network meta-analysis in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disabilities.","authors":"Anees Bahji, Evan Forth, Amina Nasar, Ahmed Waqas, Emily R Hawken, Muhammad Ayub","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability often experience persistent challenges related to aggressive behaviour and agitation, highlighting the critical need for evidence-based pharmacological interventions among other strategies. Despite previous network meta-analyses (NMAs), the rapidly evolving landscape of treatment options necessitates ongoing and updated assessments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of various pharmacotherapies in managing agitation in children and adults with ASD or intellectual disabilities (ID).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a systematic review and network meta-analysis methodology, we conducted an exhaustive search across multiple databases for double-blind, randomized controlled trials focusing on pharmacotherapies targeting agitation in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, our assessment of study quality utilized the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to ensure methodological rigour and accuracy in data synthesis. Primary outcomes encompassed measures of reduced agitation, as indicated by treatment response on standardized agitation scales, alongside dropout rates, providing a comprehensive overview of treatment efficacy and tolerability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included data from 38 eligible trials, involving 2503 participants across both pediatric and adult populations. Key pharmacological interventions, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone, omega-3 fatty acids, risperidone plus palmitoylethanolamide, aripiprazole and risperidone, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing agitation compared to placebo. Importantly, these treatments were generally well-tolerated, with no significant increase in all-cause dropouts compared to placebo, highlighting their suitability for clinical use in managing agitation in individuals with ASD or ID.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the efficacy and tolerability of several pharmacotherapies in managing agitation among children and adults with ASD or ID. Our findings provide robust evidence that specific treatments, such as arbaclofen, risperidone plus buspirone and omega-3 fatty acids, are both effective and well-tolerated, offering valuable therapeutic options for clinicians. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to ensure that treatment strategies remain aligned with the evolving clinical landscape, ultimately improving patient outcomes in this challenging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin efficacy and safety as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Zahra Bazrafshan, Parsa Mohammadi, Alireza Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Sanjari Moghaddam, Maryam Kabiri, Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, Shahin Akhondzadeh","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antidiabetic medications have shown efficacy in alleviating autism symptoms. However, there is a lack of clinical research on the impact of metformin on irritability associated with autism. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin as an adjuvant therapy with risperidone for managing irritability in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized, 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the children's autism clinic of Roozbeh Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from March 2024 to May 2024. Participants were divided into two groups of risperidone plus metformin (500 mg per day) and risperidone plus placebo and were assessed at baseline, weeks 5 and 10 with the aberrant behavior checklist-community scale (ABC-C).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 patients were included in the final analysis. Irritability (primary outcome measure) sharply decreased in the metformin compared to the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Among the other four subscales of ABC-C, the hyperactivity/noncompliance score showed a significant drop during the baseline-to-week-5 period (<i>p</i> = 0.021). In addition, inappropriate speech subscales decreased significantly from baseline-to-week 5 in the metformin compared to the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.045). No other significant finding was observed among ABC-C scores for lethargy/social withdrawal or stereotypic behavior subscales.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metformin demonstrated promising results in reducing irritability in ASD patients, which is in concordance with previous studies. However, further studies are required before any broad clinical recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotic therapy compared to antipsychotic monotherapy at standard doses in schizophrenia - a systematic review.","authors":"Christopher Lawrence, Chloe Roberts, Chloe Galides, Samuel R Chamberlain, Ruihua Hou","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is considered to have a lifetime prevalence of around 1%. Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are subsequently categorised as treatment resistant. Current guidelines advise against the use of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) or high-dose antipsychotic therapy (HDAT) in the treatment of schizophrenia; however, these treatment approaches continue to be used in up to 25% of cases.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This review was to evaluate the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of APP and HDAT as an alternative to antipsychotic monotherapy at standard doses in the treatment of schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a systematic review. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO, for eligible trials published prior to 24 March 2023. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023408785). Quality assessment was conducted using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 studies were included in this review. Two studies demonstrated clinically significant improvement with APP compared to standard treatment. There was no clear evidence that APP or HDAT is definitively less tolerable than antipsychotic monotherapy at a standard dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review found limited evidence for the efficacy of APP and HDAT in the treatment of schizophrenia over the use of antipsychotic monotherapy at a standard dose. The relative tolerability was unclear. Management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia remains a prominent clinical issue and further research, including high-quality large-scale Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) of APP and HDAT in patients who have been unresponsive to clozapine, would be of significant benefit to the field of psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelics as an intervention for psychological, existential distress in terminally ill patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Mattia Marchi, Riccardo Farina, Karim Rachedi, Francesca Laonigro, Marija Franka Žuljević, Luca Pingani, Silvia Ferrari, Metten Somers, Marco P M Boks, Gian M Galeazzi","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241303594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interest in psychedelics as a therapeutic intervention for existential distress of people with terminal illness grounds on their mechanism of action and effect on the spiritual/existential aspects accompanying end-of-life experiences.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at examining the efficacy and safety of psychedelic compounds for existential distress in terminally ill people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering psychedelics for existential distress in people with terminal illnesses. Meta-analysis estimated the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), between treated and control groups in pairwise and network comparisons, using random-effects models. Post-treatment measures of depression and anxiety, as proxies of existential distress, and tolerability were the primary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies, involving 606 participants (362 treated with psychedelics: psilocybin, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)) were included. The meta-analysis supported the efficacy of psychedelics on depression (SMD: -0.80 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.63)) and anxiety (SMD: -0.84 (95% CI: -1.20, -0.48)). Network meta-analysis identified psilocybin as the most effective compound for depression, and LSD for anxiety. However, head-to-head comparison between psychedelics did not reach statistical significance. The rates of treatment discontinuation and adverse events between psychedelics and controls were comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychedelics, especially psilocybins and LSD, showed promising effects on depression and anxiety in people with terminal illnesses. Limitations include the small number of RCTs, methodological issues related to blinding, and the lack of direct comparisons between psychedelic compounds. Larger studies and comparative research are needed to consolidate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitual caffeine intake, genetics and cognitive performance.","authors":"Angeliki Kapellou, Leta Pilic, Yiannis Mavrommatis","doi":"10.1177/02698811241303601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241303601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on caffeine and cognitive performance remains controversial. Variations in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and response such as <i>CYP1A2, AHR</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> may account for variable findings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate caffeine × gene interactions on cognitive performance in all key domains of cognition in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed a lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire and a cognitive test battery including validated tasks to assess the domains of social cognition, memory, attention and executive function. Genotyping was performed for <i>AHR</i> rs6968554, <i>CYP1A2</i> rs2472297, <i>ADORA2A</i> rs5751876, <i>ADA</i> rs73598374 and <i>APOE</i> rs429358 and rs7412.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant gene × caffeine interactions were observed for the domains of social cognition, (<i>F</i>_{2, 123} = 5.848, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and executive function (<i>F</i>_{2, 109} = 3.690, <i>p</i> = 0.028). 'Slow' metabolisers had a higher performance in social cognition compared with 'fast' metabolisers among high-caffeine consumers (<i>p</i> = 0.004), while 'fast' metabolisers had a higher performance in executive function compared with 'slow' metabolisers among moderate caffeine consumers (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings suggest an association between genetic caffeine metabolism, habitual caffeine intake and cognitive function in the domains of social cognition and executive function. More research in naturalistic environments using larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings to add to our understanding of how habitual caffeine may influence cognitive function based on individual genotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241303601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nighttime safety of daridorexant: Evaluation of responsiveness to an external noise stimulus, postural stability, walking, and cognitive function.","authors":"Massimo Magliocca, Ingrid Koopmans, Cedric Vaillant, Vincent Lemoine, Rob Zuiker, Jasper Dingemanse, Clemens Muehlan","doi":"10.1177/02698811241293997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241293997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Investigate the auditory awakening threshold (AAT), postural stability, and cognitive function during the night following evening administration of daridorexant 25 and 50 mg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, 3-way (placebo, 25, 50 mg) crossover study in 36 healthy male and female nonelderly adult and elderly subjects (1:1 sex/age ratio). Four hours after bedtime administration, the AAT was determined, followed by investigation of the main pharmacodynamic endpoint nocturnal postural stability (body sway) as well as functional mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and cognitive function/memory using the Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 36 subjects completed the study. The average AAT was approximately 60 dB across treatments, i.e., there were no differences between daridorexant and placebo. Daridorexant marginally increased body sway by approximately 22%, while it had no clinically meaningful effect on the time to complete the TUG test (⩽1 s increase), and the VVLT (immediate and delayed number of correctly recalled words) showed minimal and clinically not meaningful differences of up to one word, all compared to placebo. Delayed word recognition was not different from placebo. The increase in body sway in the overall population was driven by nonelderly adults, as effects in elderly subjects were similar to placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following bedtime administration, daridorexant maintained the ability to awaken to an external noise stimulus in the middle of the night, allowing subjects to function safely.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: </strong>NCT05702177.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241293997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of zuranolone administered alone or with alprazolam or ethanol in healthy adults in a phase 1 trial.","authors":"Joi Dunbar, David P Walling, Howard A Hassman, Rakesh Jain, Andy Czysz, Indrani Nandy, Victor Ona, Margaret K Moseley, Seth Levin, Paul Maruff","doi":"10.1177/02698811241282777","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241282777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zuranolone is an oral, once-daily, 14-day treatment course approved for adults with postpartum depression in the United States.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess cognitive effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of zuranolone, alone or with alprazolam/ethanol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a phase 1, two-part, two-period, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants received zuranolone 50 mg or placebo once daily for 9 days, and additionally received alprazolam (1 mg, Part A), ethanol (males: 0.7 g/kg; females: 0.6 g/kg, Part B), or corresponding placebo on days 1, 5, and 9. Within each part, participants received all treatment combinations. Cognition was assessed using a computerized test battery; pharmacokinetics and safety were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants (Part A, <i>N</i> = 24; Part B, <i>N</i> = 25) received ⩾1 dose of zuranolone/placebo. Compared to placebo, zuranolone produced small-to-moderate cognitive decline (Cohen's |<i>d</i>| = 0.126-0.76); effects were larger with alprazolam (Cohen's |<i>d</i>| = 0.523-0.93) and ethanol (Cohen's |<i>d</i>| = 0.345-0.88). Zuranolone coadministration with alprazolam (Cohen's |<i>d</i>| = 0.6-1.227) or ethanol (Cohen's |<i>d</i>| = 0.054-0.5) generally worsened cognitive decline when compared with zuranolone alone. Maximal pharmacodynamic effects occurred at approximately 5 h and were resolved by 12 h postbaseline. No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Incidence of adverse events was similar between groups; most events were mild or moderate in severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A general small-to-moderate magnitude decline in cognition occurred with zuranolone alone. Coadministration with alprazolam/ethanol increased the magnitude, but not the duration, of effects compared with single-agent administration. Zuranolone prescribers and patients should be aware of the potential for increased central nervous system-depressant effects if coadministered with GABAergic active compounds such as alprazolam and ethanol.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1122-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose Vitamin-B6 reduces sensory over-responsivity.","authors":"Rebekah O Cracknell, Teresa Tavassoli, David T Field","doi":"10.1177/02698811241271972","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241271972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sensory reactivity differences are experienced by between 5% and 15% of the population, often taking the form of sensory over-responsivity (SOR), in which sensory stimuli are experienced as unusually intense and everyday function is affected. A potential mechanism underlying over-responsivity is an imbalance between neural excitation and inhibition in which inhibitory influences are relatively weakened. Therefore, interventions that boost neural inhibition or reduce neural excitation may reduce SOR; Vitamin-B6 is the coenzyme for the conversion of excitatory glutamate to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and in animal models, it both increases the concentration of GABA and reduces glutamate.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To discover whether taking a high dose of Vitamin-B6 reduces SOR and other aspects of sensory reactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 300 adults (249 females) from the general population who completed the Sensory Processing 3-Dimensions Scale (SP-3D) first at baseline, and again following randomisation to either 1 month's supplementation with 100 mg Vitamin-B6, or one of two control conditions (1000 µg Vitamin-B12 or placebo). To focus on individuals who experience SOR, we analysed the effects of supplementation only on individuals with high baseline SOR scores (above the 87th percentile).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In individuals with SOR at baseline, Vitamin-B6 selectively reduced SOR compared to both placebo and Vitamin-B12. We also found that Vitamin-B6 selectively reduced postural disorder in individuals with high scores on this subscale at baseline, but there were no effects on the four remaining SP-3D subscales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical trials and mechanistic studies should now be conducted in autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other groups with SOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}