Journal of Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Altered states of consciousness in Danish healthy volunteers and recreational users of psilocybin and the possible impact of setting and intention: Danish validation of the five-dimensional altered states of consciousness questionnaire.","authors":"Oliver Rumle Hovmand, Martin Korsbak Madsen, Patrick MacDonald Fisher, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk","doi":"10.1177/02698811241269669","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241269669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychedelic substances reliably induce marked altered states of consciousness (ASC), which may be important for lasting effects and clinical outcomes of psychedelic intervention. Several instruments are available to measure the acute psychedelic experience, of which the Five Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC) is commonly used. The questionnaire can be scored and analyzed as having five dimensions or 11 subscales, but the two have not been evaluated with comparable factor analysis methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Danish translation of the 5D-ASC was completed by one sample of healthy volunteers receiving psilocybin in a laboratory setting (<i>N</i> = 47) and one sample of recreative users5D-ASC of psychedelics (<i>N</i> = 550), who reported retrospectively through an online survey based on their most recent experience with psilocybin. We calculated internal consistency measures of Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the previously suggested factor structures, and tested for possible associations between the 5D-ASC total scores and dose, setting, and intention. For the 11 subscales, we reported omega-sem (composite reliability) using the parameters of the fitted confirmatory factor analyses model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 11 subscales had a good fit to data and showed a better fit compared to the originally proposed five-dimensional solution and good internal consistencies. We further found that the 5D-ASC total scores correlated positively with the dose in the recreative sample. We found no correlations between 5D-ASC total scores and intention or setting.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We find the Danish 5D-ASC to be a valid tool for measuring ASC among Danish-speaking individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"924-932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between lifetime hallucinogen use and psychological distress varies by sexual identity in a nationally representative sample.","authors":"Blair Altman, Manya Magnus","doi":"10.1177/02698811241278774","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241278774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical trials demonstrate that psychedelic-assisted therapy can improve mental health outcomes; however, few studies have recruited sexually diverse samples or reported information on sexual identity.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relationship between hallucinogen use and mental health outcomes with respect to sexual identity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the relationship between hallucinogen use and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a sample representative of 253,824,662 U.S. adults, the majority was heterosexual (92%), aged 50-64 (25%), women (51%), non-Hispanic White (62%), college educated (31%), and had an annual household income of $75,000 or higher (39%). The majority reported no lifetime hallucinogen use (82%) and no past month severe psychological distress (93%). Sexual identity modified the relationship between hallucinogen use and psychological distress. After stratifying by sexual identity and adjusting for covariates, hallucinogen use was associated with reduced odds of psychological distress in the heterosexual population (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96) but the relationship was not significant in the sexual minority population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that in a nationally representative sample, psychedelic use was associated with reduced odds of psychological distress in heterosexual individuals only. Future research should investigate why hallucinogen use was not protective in sexual minority groups given their disproportionate burden of poor mental health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"861-872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase 1 single ascending dose study of pure oral harmine in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Jessica L Ables, Leah Israel, Olivia Wood, Usha Govindarajulu, Rachel T Fremont, Ronjon Banerjee, Hongtao Liu, Jeremy Cohen, Peng Wang, Kunal Kumar, Geming Lu, Robert J DeVita, Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña, James W Murrough, Andrew F Stewart","doi":"10.1177/02698811241273772","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241273772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Harmine is a component of the hallucinogenic brew, Ayahuasca, which also contains the psychoactive compound, <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>-dimethyltryptamine. Whether pharmaceutical-grade harmine hydrochloride (HCl) has psychoactive effects, the doses at which these might occur, and the dose-response relationship to side effects and safety in humans are unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a Phase 1, open-label single ascending dose trial in healthy adults with normal body mass index and no prior psychiatric illness. The primary goal was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral pharmaceutical-grade harmine HCl and to characterize safety and tolerability. A secondary goal was to ascertain whether any oral dose has psychoactive effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four adult participants, aged 18-55 years, were screened for study eligibility. Twenty-five participants met eligibility criteria and were randomized to a single dose of 100, 200, 300, or 500 mg of harmine HCl, respectively, using a continuous reassessment method. The most common adverse events (AEs) observed were gastrointestinal and/or neurological, dose-related, and of mild to moderate severity. The MTD was determined to be between 100 and 200 mg and is weight-based, with 90% of those participants receiving >2.7 mg/kg experiencing a dose-limiting toxicity. No serious AEs of harmine HCl were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Harmine HCl can be orally administered to healthy participants in doses <2.7 mg/kg with minimal or no AEs. Doses >2.7 mg/kg are associated with vomiting, drowsiness, and limited psychoactivity. This study is the first to systematically characterize the psychoactive effects of pharmaceutical quality harmine in healthy participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"911-923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic psychedelic therapy: The role of relaxation and subjective drug effects in antidepressant response.","authors":"Abigail E Calder, Benjamin Rausch, Matthias E Liechti, Friederike Holze, Gregor Hasler","doi":"10.1177/02698811241278873","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241278873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is permitted in Switzerland under its limited medical use program. Data from patients in this program represent a unique opportunity to analyze the real-world practice of PAT.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study compared the subjective effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin between patients undergoing PAT and healthy volunteers. For the patients, it also investigated the relationship between antidepressant effects and six measures of acute drug effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared data on acute psychedelic drug effects between 28 PAT patients with data from 28 healthy participants who participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. All participants received varying doses of psilocybin and LSD. Subjective effects were assessed on an hourly basis during the acute drug effects, and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) was completed retrospectively. For patients, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ratings of overall drug effect and mystical experience were similar across groups. Compared with healthy controls, patients reported lower ratings of ego dissolution. Patients showed a significant decrease in MADRS scores, and the greatest predictor of antidepressant outcome was relaxation during the PAT session. We did not observe a relationship between mystical-type experiences and antidepressant effects. Most patients experienced mild adverse effects which resolved within 48 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAT reduced depressive symptoms in this heterogeneous patient group. Patients may experience more challenging psychedelic effects and reduced ego dissolution. Hourly assessment of drug effects may predict clinical outcomes better than retrospectively assessed mystical experiences, and the impact of relaxation during PAT should be investigated further.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"873-886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic nervous system activity correlates with peak experiences induced by DMT and predicts increases in well-being.","authors":"Valerie Bonnelle, Amanda Feilding, Fernando E Rosas, David J Nutt, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Christopher Timmermann","doi":"10.1177/02698811241276788","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241276788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by psychedelics can be accompanied by so-called \"peak experiences,\" characterized at the emotional level by their intensity and positive valence. These experiences are strong predictors of positive outcomes following psychedelic-assisted therapy, and it is therefore important to better understand their biology. Despite growing evidence that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in mediating emotional experiences, its involvement in the psychedelic experience is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent changes in the relative influence of the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous systems (PNS) over cardiac activity may reflect the subjective experience induced by the short-acting psychedelic N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived measures of SNS and PNS activity from the electrocardiograms of 17 participants (11 males, mean age = 33.8 years, SD = 8.3) while they received either DMT or placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that the joint influence of SNS and PNS (\"sympathovagal coactivation\") over cardiac activity was positively related to participants' ratings of \"Spiritual Experience\" and \"Insightfulness\" during the DMT experience, while also being related to improved well-being scores 2 weeks after the session. In addition, we found that the state of balance between the two ANS branches (\"sympathovagal balance\") before DMT injection predicted scores of \"Insightfulness\" during the DMT experience, as well as subsequent sympathovagal coactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate the involvement of the ANS in psychedelic-induced peak experiences and may pave the way to the development of biofeedback-based tools to enhance psychedelic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"887-896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin for clinical indications: A scoping review.","authors":"Kim Madden, Breanne Flood, Darren Young Shing, Michael Ade-Conde, Imad Kashir, Melanie Mark, James MacKillop, Mohit Bhandari, Anthony Adili","doi":"10.1177/02698811241269751","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241269751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychedelic drugs have been of interest in medicine since the early 1950s. There has recently been a resurgence of interest in psychedelics.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study is to determine the extent of the available literature on psilocybin for medical indications including the designs used, study characteristics, indications studied, doses, and authors' conclusions. We identify areas for further study where there are research gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic scoping review of clinical indications for psilocybin, encompassing psychiatric and medical conditions. We systematically searched Medline and Embase using keywords related to psilocybin. We reviewed titles and texts in duplicate using Covidence software. We extracted data individually in duplicate using Covidence software and a senior reviewer resolved all author conflicts. We analyzed data descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 193 published and 80 ongoing studies. Thirty-seven percent of included studies were systematic reviews. Only 12% of included studies were randomized controlled trials. The median number of participants was 22 with a median of 18 participants who had taken psilocybin. Thirty-eight percent of studies reported at least one potential conflict of interest. The most common indication was depression (28%). Also commonly studied were substance use (14%), mental health in life-threatening illness (9%), headaches (6%), depression and anxiety (6%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3%), and anxiety disorders (3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most studies involving the administration of psilocybin have small sample sizes and the most common focus has been psychiatric disorders. There is a need for high-quality randomized trials on psilocybin and to expand consideration to other promising indications, such as chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"839-845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meditating on psychedelics. A randomized placebo-controlled study of DMT and harmine in a mindfulness retreat.","authors":"Daniel Meling, Klemens Egger, Helena D Aicher, Javier Jareño Redondo, Jovin Mueller, Joëlle Dornbierer, Elijah Temperli, Emilia A Vasella, Luzia Caflisch, David J Pfeiffer, Jonas Tt Schlomberg, John W Smallridge, Dario A Dornbierer, Milan Scheidegger","doi":"10.1177/02698811241282637","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02698811241282637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, both meditation and psychedelics have attracted rapidly increasing scientific interest. While the current state of evidence suggests the promising potential of psychedelics, such as psilocybin, to enhance meditative training, it remains equivocal whether these effects are specifically bound to psilocybin or if other classical psychedelics might show synergistic effects with meditation practice. One particularly promising candidate is <i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an active ingredient of ayahuasca.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effect of the psychedelic substance DMT, combined with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor harmine (<i>DMT-harmine</i>), on meditative states, compared to meditation with a placebo.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty experienced meditators (18 females and 22 males) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study over a 3-day meditation retreat, receiving either placebo or DMT-harmine. Participants' levels of mindfulness, compassion, insight, and transcendence were assessed before, during, and after the meditation group retreat, using psychometric questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to meditation with a placebo, meditators who received DMT and harmine self-attributed greater levels of mystical-type experiences, non-dual awareness, and emotional breakthrough during the acute substance effects and, when corrected for baseline differences, greater psychological insight 1 day later. Mindfulness and compassion were not significantly different in the DMT-harmine group compared to placebo. At 1-month follow-up, the meditators who received DMT and harmine rated their experience as significantly more personally meaningful, spiritually significant, and well-being-enhancing than the meditators who received placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Investigating the impact of DMT-harmine on meditators in a naturalistic mindfulness group retreat, this placebo-controlled study highlights the specific effects of psychedelics during meditation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05780216.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"897-910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine for refractory depression: Save the best for last?","authors":"Kabir Nigam, Franklin King, Fernando Espi Forcen","doi":"10.1177/02698811241282646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241282646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine has recently been shown to be non-inferior to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), one of psychiatry's most effective treatments for depression. Given the novelty of ketamine as well as its interventional nature, ketamine is currently viewed as an alternative to ECT and as such, considered a third-line agent for treatment-refractory depression. However, available data suggest that ketamine carries a low side-effect burden and is better tolerated than many second-line augmentation strategies for depression. With this combination of higher efficacy and lower side-effect burden in conjunction with what is known about treatment outcomes in relation to the duration of untreated illness, it is in the best interest of patients for the field of psychiatry to evaluate ketamine as a second-line augmentation strategy for refractory depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241282646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less is more? A review of psilocybin microdosing","authors":"Isabella A Savides, Kim Outhoff","doi":"10.1177/02698811241278769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241278769","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The applications of psilocybin, derived from ‘magic mushrooms,’ are vast, including a burgeoning practice known as microdosing, which refers to the administration of sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelic substances to obtain benefits without experiencing significant cognitive and perceptual distortion. However, current research is fairly new with several limitations and gaps that hinder adequate conclusions on its efficacy.Aims:This semi-structured review aimed to identify and highlight research gaps in the field of psilocybin microdosing for future research.Methods:A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses based strategy was employed, utilizing a chain of keywords and key phrases across multiple databases, augmented by a cross-sectional Google search for relevant grey literature in the form of the top 10 search results. A total of 40 studies and 8 unique websites were identified, summarized and tabulated into four distinct categories, namely non-clinical, clinical, observational and anecdotal evidence.Results:The majority of available evidence originates from observational studies, while non-clinical and clinical study findings remain comparatively sparse and inconsistent. Web-based findings were consistent with current research findings. Key research gaps were highlighted: the imperative for more randomized placebo-controlled trials, exploration of dose-response ranges, psychological and personality testing of participants, utilization of active placebos, greater diversity in study populations, an increase in psilocybin-exclusive microdosing studies and the refinement of animal models.Conclusion:Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of psilocybin microdosing remain elusive, emphasizing the need for further study. Numerous research gaps necessitate consideration for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between Parkinson's disease and sexual hyperactivity secondary to drug treatment: A systematic review.","authors":"Verónica Aparicio-López, María Rueda-Extremera, María Cantero-García","doi":"10.1177/02698811241277200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241277200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review addresses the prevalence of hypersexual behavior in Parkinson's patients and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, identifying risk and protective factors, comparing incidence among different treatments, and proposing recommendations for management and prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a review on the relationship between Parkinson's disease and hypersexual behavior as a result of pharmacological treatment.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The search strategy, guided by PRISMA and PICOS criteria, focuses on the correlation between Parkinson's disease and hypersexual behavior due to pharmacological treatment. Utilizing databases like PubMed and Proquest, studies from the last 10 years in English or Spanish were selected, emphasizing clinical trials with Parkinson's patients under treatment. Inaccessible, irrelevant, or mixed-sample studies were excluded. The Cochrane Scale assessed the risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 122 records, 103 remained after eliminating duplicates; 48 were reviewed, and ultimately, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Synthesizing the risk and protective factors linked to hypersexual behavior in Parkinson's patients receiving pharmacological treatment underscores the critical need for early detection and incorporation of these factors into clinical care. The suggested guidelines for managing and preventing hypersexual behavior in these patients carry substantial practical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811241277200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}