Journal of Phycology最新文献

{"title":"Moderate levels of dissolved iron stimulate cellular growth and increase lipid storage in Symbiodinium sp.","authors":"Walter Dellisanti,&nbsp;Swathi Murthy,&nbsp;Elena Bollati,&nbsp;Sara Prehn Sandberg,&nbsp;Michael Kühl","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are fundamental in coral reef ecosystems and facilitate essential processes such as photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and calcium carbonate production. Iron (Fe) is an essential element for the physiological processes of Symbiodiniaceae, yet its role remains poorly understood in the context of cellular development and metabolic health. Here, we investigated the effect of iron availability—0–100 nM Fe(III)—on <i>Symbiodinium</i> sp. ITS2 type A1 cultures and quantified cellular content using flow cytometry and holotomography. Moderate levels of dissolved Fe (50 nM) enhanced growth rates and cellular content development in <i>Symbiodinium</i> sp., including lipids and proteins. We observed distinct growth patterns, pigment concentrations, and cellular morphology under increasing Fe concentrations, indicating the influence of iron availability on cellular physiology. Nondestructive, label-free holotomographic microscopy enabled single-cell in vivo imaging, revealing higher intracellular lipid accumulation (+57%) in response to 50 nM Fe(III) enrichment. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between iron availability and <i>Symbiodinium</i> sp. growth and cellular development, with potential implications for coral health and reef resilience in the face of environmental stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 3","pages":"558-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpy.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward understanding the mechanisms of Raphidiopsis raciborskii response to chill/light stress","authors":"Nada Tokodi,&nbsp;Ewa Latkowska,&nbsp;Barbara Klimczak,&nbsp;Kinga Kłodawska,&nbsp;Przemysław Malec,&nbsp;Anusuya Willis,&nbsp;Mikołaj Kokociński,&nbsp;Adam Antosiak,&nbsp;Dariusz Dziga","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyanobacteria, particularly <i>Raphidiopsis raciborskii</i>, are known for their harmful blooms, posing significant ecological and economic challenges in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the strain-specific adaptive mechanisms of five <i>R. raciborskii</i> strains (CS-505, CS-506, UAM/DH-KmRr, UAM/DH-BiRr, and UAM/DH-MRr) under chill/light stress (low temperature and high light intensity), focusing on growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic activity, gene expression, and toxin production. Results revealed that growth rates were significantly reduced under stress for all strains, with the Polish strain UAM/DH-MRr showing the highest resilience. Stress conditions caused a reduced chlorophyll <i>a</i> level and increased carotenoid/Chl <i>a</i> ratio, suggesting photoprotective adaptations. Photosynthetic quantum efficiency (<i>F</i>v/<i>F</i>m) declined during chill/light but was recovered post-stress, while electron transport rates (rETR) were not significantly altered. Enhanced respiration and increased photosynthetic oxygen evolution were observed, particularly in CS-506 and UAM/DH-MRr. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted pigment content and parameters related to photosynthetic electron transport as key factors influencing response; no variable-specific groupings were observed among strains regarding the broad range of parameters. Gene expression analyses revealed divergent transcriptional regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) biosynthesis, with toxic CS-505 upregulating <i>cyr</i> genes under stress, while CS-506 down-regulated them. Intracellular CYN levels decreased under stress, yet cell quotas increased in CS-505, which warrants further investigation. Our results indicate the complexity of strain-specific responses to chill/light stress and highlight the importance of understanding physiological mechanisms for predicting and managing cyanobacterial blooms in diverse climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 3","pages":"488-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcystin production is important for toxic Microcystis to survive long-term nitrogen starvation","authors":"Xiao-Ya Lian,&nbsp;Guo-Wei Qiu,&nbsp;Wen-Can Zheng,&nbsp;Jin-Long Shang,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Xu,&nbsp;Guo-Zheng Dai,&nbsp;Nan-Qin Gan,&nbsp;Zhong-Chun Zhang,&nbsp;Bao-Sheng Qiu","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toxic cyanobacterial blooms have expanded and intensified on a global scale. Although microcystins are known as the most abundant cyanotoxins released during cyanobacterial blooms, the physiological role of these toxic secondary metabolites has not been fully resolved. Here, we show that microcystin production is important for toxic <i>Microcystis</i> to maintain carbon metabolism under long-term nitrogen starvation and subsequent recovery. Compared to carbon metabolism in the nonmicrocystin-producing strains, toxic <i>Microcystis</i> could accumulate more carbon reserves under nitrogen limitation, which is important for the survival of cells under stressful conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes involved in microcystin synthesis were significantly up-regulated at the initial recovery phase, indicating their essential role in strengthening glycogen catabolism and fueling recovery. Flow cytometry analysis showed that compared to nontoxic strains, microcystin-producing <i>Microcystis</i> exhibited a higher survival and recovery rate after prolonged nitrogen starvation, which is consistent with the dominance of these species at the early stage of cyanobacterial blooms. The close genetic traits between <i>Microcystis</i> strains suggest that the strategies observed here might be highly conserved. Our results imply that toxic <i>Microcystis</i> establishes a competitive advantage over nontoxic species and provides insights into the seasonal succession of natural <i>Microcystis</i> populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"379-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic review of Tryblionella with special reference to the Apiculatae group—New characters of genus Tryblionella sensu stricto (Bacillariaceae)","authors":"Rafał M. Olszyński,&nbsp;Ewa Górecka,&nbsp;Rosa Trobajo,&nbsp;Romain Gastineau,&nbsp;Matt Ashworth,&nbsp;David G. Mann","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Tryblionella</i> (Bacillariaceae) was described by Smith in 1853, and for many years, the diagnosis of this genus was questionable. Recent molecular analysis based on the <i>rbc</i>L gene marker suggests that <i>Tryblionella</i> is a polyphyletic genus with <i>T. apiculata</i>, <i>T. hungarica</i>, and <i>T. gaoana</i> forming a distinct group from other <i>Tryblionella</i> representatives. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the diagnosis of <i>Tryblionella</i> as a genus. The focus of this study was a selected group of species previously categorized within Grunow's section Apiculatae, which includes the type species <i>T. acuminata</i>. This classification serves as a foundation for conducting morphological and molecular comparisons with taxa of <i>Tryblionella</i> sensu lato, which are likely to represent distinct and highly diverse genera. Our review includes a detailed examination of frustule ultrastructure and ontogeny combined with a new molecular phylogenetic analysis derived from a three-gene concatenated dataset. The results of our research indicated that among <i>Tryblionella</i>, several monophyletic groups of taxa can be distinguished, including <i>Tryblionella</i> sensu stricto (s.s.), by three key characters: a porose valve cross-section; longitudinal valve undulation, where the peak of the undulation is located on the proximal side of the valve; and the presence of an axial sternum with thickened and relief virgae. <i>Tryblionella</i> s.s. taxa share a similar girdle structure: The girdle is graded, except that the first band bears a single row of poroids in the pars exterior and a crenulate margin on the side corresponding to the distal valve mantle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"330-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpy.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of environmental DNA monitoring for seaweed reproductive phenology: A case study with giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)","authors":"Madeline R. Ward,&nbsp;Christopher P. Burridge,&nbsp;Sharee McCammon,&nbsp;Adam Smolenski,&nbsp;Catriona L. Hurd,&nbsp;Wouter Visch","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the seasonal reproductive cycles of seaweeds is crucial for effective population and ecosystem management, as well as mariculture seedstock collection. Traditional methods, such as visual monitoring by SCUBA diving or snorkeling, are costly, labor-intensive, and limited in temporal and spatial coverage. This study explores substituting these methods with environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques for giant kelp (<i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>, order Laminariales). This laboratory study aimed to determine the minimum detectable concentration of zoospores and sporophyte tissue needed for detecting the reproductive phenology of <i>M. pyrifera</i> and to assess the ability and sensitivity to discriminate between life stages. The study involved syringe-filtering seawater samples through 0.45-μm pore-size filters before quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis with species-specific primers. There was a strong positive correlation between zoospore concentration and eDNA copies per μL (ρ = 0.982, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and a weak correlation for sporophyte wet weight (ρ = 0.367, <i>p</i> = 0.134). There was a significant difference between zoospore and zoospore + sporophyte treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.010), indicating the substantial influence of sporophyte tissue on detected eDNA quantity. Sporophyte tissue obscures the zoospore signal, especially at lower zoospore concentrations (&lt;37 zoospores · mL⁻¹), highlighting that eDNA analysis is suitable for monitoring reproductive peaks and broader patterns in seasonal reproduction cycles of giant kelp when zoospore concentrations are high.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpy.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEIO knockout collection reveals metabolomic crosstalk in Chlorella spp.-Escherichia coli co-cultures","authors":"Cheah Yi Tong,&nbsp;Hiroya Tomita,&nbsp;Kentaro Miyazaki,&nbsp;Chan Juinn Chieh Derek,&nbsp;Kohsuke Honda","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interdependence between microalgae and bacteria has sparked scientific interest over years, primarily driven by the practical applications of microalgal-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and algal biofuel production. Although adequate studies have focused on the broad interactions and general behavior between the two entities, there remains a scarcity of study on the metabolic role of symbiotic bacteria in promoting microalgal growth. Here, we use the KEIO Knockout Collection, an <i>Escherichia coli</i> gene knockout mutant library, to systematically screen for genes involved in the interdependence of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. By co-cultivating <i>C. sorokiniana</i> and <i>E. coli</i> knockout mutants in 96-well microplates (200 μL medium per well) under white light at 25°C, 31 potential algal growth-promoting and 56 growth-inhibiting genes out of 3985 genes were identified that enhanced (≥1.25-fold) and diminished (≤0.8-fold) the production of algal chlorophyll<i>-a</i> content, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mapping of these growth-regulating genes suggested a metabolic symbiosis involving bacteria-derived cobalamin (<i>cob</i>U, <i>cob</i>C), biotin (<i>bio</i>B, <i>bio</i>F, <i>bio</i>C, <i>bio</i>D, <i>fab</i>F, <i>fab</i>H), riboflavin (<i>fbp</i>, <i>gua</i>B, <i>gnd</i>, <i>gua</i>A, <i>zwf</i>, <i>pur</i>A), and 2,3-butanediol (<i>fu</i>mB, <i>adh</i>E, <i>mdh</i>, <i>frd</i>B, <i>pta</i>, <i>sdh</i>C). The effects of these metabolites were further validated by supplementing the agents into the axenic algal cultures; Dose-dependent trends were observed for each metabolite, with a maximum four-fold increase in algal biomass productivity over the control. The specific growth rate of algae was increased by ≥1.27-fold and doubling time was shortened by ≥22.5%. The present results, obtained through genome-wide analyses of interdependence between microalgae and bacteria, reveals multiple interactions between organisms via metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 3","pages":"443-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Pyropia katadae plastid genome and comparative analysis within Bangiales species","authors":"Xianghai Tang,&nbsp;Xinzi Yu,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhu,&nbsp;Ka Bian,&nbsp;Chengzhen Meng,&nbsp;Yunxiang Mao","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bangiales species live in intertidal regions and suffer from stresses from a variable environment, making them suitable research objects for studying how plants adapt to nature. In this study, the plastid genome of <i>Pyropia katadae</i> was sequenced and compared with those of 11 previously reported Bangiales species. The <i>Py</i>. <i>katadae</i> plastid genome was 193,531 bp long and contained a single-copy region (LSC) of 149,821 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 34,732 bp, and two direct repeats (DRs) 4489 bp long in between. Furthermore, we compared the plastid genomes of 12 Bangiales species. Among the 12 Bangiales plastid genomes, <i>Bangia fuscopurpurea</i> harbored the largest plastid genome size (196,913 bp), and <i>Py. perforata</i> harbored the smallest (189,789 bp). Phylogenetic analyses of shared genes indicated that <i>Py</i>. <i>katadae</i> clustered with <i>Py</i>. <i>yezoensis</i> into a single clade with a high bootstrap value. An overall high degree of similarity in gene content and arrangement among the Bangiales plastid genomes was observed. The size of the plastid genomes and that of the repeats of <i>Pyropia</i> were positively correlated, demonstrating that the repeats were essential for changes in the plastid genome size over a short evolutionary time. The presence of DR or approximate DR regions in most Bangiales plastid genomes indicates the existence of DR regions in their last common ancestor. The different shortened lengths of identical DR regions showed that each species experienced species-specific evolutionary events, which might cause variations in the sequences and the loss of genes. The two steps of fragment reversal could generate the DRs of Bangiales species from an ancestor in common with Florideophyceae. We identified positive selection sites in eight genes that appeared to be essential for Bangiales species to adapt to diverse environments. Our results provide essential genetic data for an in-depth understanding of the evolution and phylogeny of Bangiales species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptic diversity within the Gonyaulax spinifera species complex, its relation to the cyst-defined species Spiniferites bentorii, S. mirabilis and S. membranaceus, with the description of Gonyaulax carbonell-mooreae sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)","authors":"Shuning Huang,&nbsp;Kenneth Neil Mertens,&nbsp;Lam Nguyen-Ngoc,&nbsp;Hai Doan-Nhu,&nbsp;Bernd Krock,&nbsp;Zhun Li,&nbsp;Doc Quang Luong,&nbsp;Gwenael Bilien,&nbsp;Vera Pospelova,&nbsp;Hyeon Ho Shin,&nbsp;Sascha Plewe,&nbsp;Haifeng Gu","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fossil dinoflagellates <i>Spiniferites bentorii</i>, <i>S. mirabilis</i>, and <i>S. membranaceus</i> are known to inhabit recent sediments and are often used to reconstruct past sea-surface conditions. However, information on their corresponding motile cells has been rare. We isolated single cysts resembling these fossil species from China and France to yield <i>Gonyaulax spinifera</i>-like cells. <i>Gonyaulax</i> strains were also established from Viet Nam and South Korea by isolating single cells. Both cysts and cells were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and their LSU rRNA genes were sequenced. A new <i>Gonyaulax</i> species, <i>G. carbonell-mooreae</i>, was obtained from <i>S. bentorii</i>-like cysts and considered the equivalent of <i>Spiniferites bullatus</i>, dating back to the Campanian. <i>Gonyaulax kunsanensis</i> was related to <i>S. mirabilis</i>-like cysts. A typical <i>S. membranaceus</i> cyst from France yielded cells resembling <i>G. lewisiae</i> but shared only 75% similarity in LSU rRNA gene sequence with those from South Korea. Molecular phylogeny revealed that the pronounced apical boss is systematically significant, whereas the presence of intergonal processes is insignificant. Two ASVs of 18S rRNA V4 region were respectively identified as <i>G. kunsanensis</i> and <i>G. lewisiae</i> from the Tara Oceans metabarcoding data. <i>Gonyaulax kunsanensis</i> has a wide distribution in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, but <i>G. lewisiae</i> has a restricted distribution. One strain of <i>G. kunsanensis</i> was examined for yessotoxin content using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), but no detectable amounts of toxins were observed. Our results uncover the hidden diversity within the <i>G. spinifera</i> species complex and stress the significance of cyst morphology in the taxonomy of <i>Gonyaulax</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"299-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of calcification mechanisms in haploid and diploid cells of the coccolithophore Calcidiscus leptoporus (Murray & Blackman 1898)","authors":"Erin M. Meyer,&nbsp;Alison R. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coccolithophores are prominent marine pelagic calcifiers due to their production of calcite coccoliths. Diploid coccolithophores produce heterococcoliths intracellularly, with an organic cellulose baseplate scale acting as a nucleating substrate. However, coccolith production in the haploid life phase has not been extensively studied. Most haploid coccolithophores produce distinct holococcoliths that were previously thought to be produced in an extracellular space. However, we recently observed intracellular holococcolith production in haploid <i>Coccolithus braarudii</i>. We therefore compared the calcification mechanisms of the 2 N and N phases of <i>Calcidiscus leptoporus</i>, an understudied yet ecologically important species, to better understand ultrastructure features related to calcification and explore aspects of the calcification pathway in each life-history phase. We show that both life phases of <i>C. leptoporus</i> produce coccoliths intracellularly and that holococcoliths are likely nucleating on body scales in a dilated vacuole space rather than within a tightly associated coccolith vesicle (CV) as in diploid heterococcolith production. Both life phases were sensitive to the SERCA Ca²⁺ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, suggesting conservation in the transcellular Ca²⁺ transport pathways utilized for intracellular calcification, namely through calcium accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the Si analogue germanium led to severe disruption of the CV and coccolith morphogenesis only in the diploid life phase. This work provides strong evidence to support a model of intracellular holococcolith production and clearly demonstrates that calcification in both life phases shares a common cellular pathway. Nevertheless, differences in the spatial arrangement of the CV membrane exert significant control over crystal growth that has profound consequences for coccolith morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 3","pages":"466-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpy.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyposaline conditions impact the early life-stages of commercially important high-latitude kelp species","authors":"Veronica Farrugia Drakard,&nbsp;Jordan A. Hollarsmith,&nbsp;Michael S. Stekoll","doi":"10.1111/jpy.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpy.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how hyposaline stress impacts the early life-stages of commercial kelp species from Alaska. Kelp are important species both ecologically and commercially and are likely to experience significant impacts due to ongoing climate change. Climate-driven glacial melt and changing rainfall patterns globally will release large amounts of freshwater into coastal systems in the coming decades. Both bull kelp (<i>Nereocystis luetkeana</i>) and ribbon kelp (<i>Alaria marginata</i>) are high-latitude species of commercial and ecological importance. These species inhabit very different environments: While bull kelp is a subtidal, canopy-forming species, ribbon kelp is an intertidal subcanopy species. In this study, fertile specimens of both were collected from various locations in Alaska and induced to release spores. These were cultivated for 30 days in four salinity treatments: 32, 25, 20, and 13. Both species grew and produced gametophytes in salinities down to a salinity of 20, although <i>A. marginata</i> seems to be better adapted to hyposaline conditions. Below a salinity of 20, we observed several impacts on progression between life stages. The response of gametophyte growth and the production of eggs and sporophytes to different salinities varied both by species and by population. Gametophytes of <i>N. luetkeana</i> grew fastest at a salinity of 32, while those of <i>A. marginata</i> grew fastest between 20 and 25 (Juneau) or 25 and 32 (Kodiak). In terms of egg production, <i>A. marginata</i> displayed significant population-level variation. Juneau individuals produced the same number of eggs regardless of salinity. Kodiak individuals produced fewer eggs in hyposaline conditions. The production of sporophytes from eggs for both species from all locations was unaffected by salinities above 20; however, no sporophytes at all were produced at 13. All of this has implications for commercial production in the hatchery phase, as hyposaline stress may induce <i>N. luetkeana</i> to produce sporophytes faster than in full oceanic salinity. In terms of wild populations, the observed population-level and species-level differences in adaptation to hyposaline conditions suggest that decreased salinities in coastal areas are likely to impact the distribution of these two species over the coming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":16831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phycology","volume":"61 2","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}