Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Determination of soil CO2 Concentration With Two Newly Developed Mobile Measuring Devices","authors":"Oliver Löwe,&nbsp;Oscar Thiers,&nbsp;Katharina Weltecke,&nbsp;Ezra W. Kurth,&nbsp;Thorsten Gaertig","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon dioxide concentration in soil air is an important indicator of carbon turnover and the soil's aeration status. However, measuring CO₂ in soil air using a gas chromatograph (GC) is time-consuming and expensive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents two newly developed CO₂ measuring devices. The first one is a mobile device with an infrared sensor (MiCO2), which enables time-efficient soil air analyses up to a depth of 25 cm. The second device is a mobile profile probe equipped with CO₂ sensors at four different depths (MaCO2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The four built-in sensors (8, 22, 42, and 62 cm depth) operate on the photoacoustic measuring principle and record temperature and soil air moisture in addition to CO₂ concentration. MiCO2 offers a cost-effective and rapid method for assessing the aeration status of the topsoil, enabling quick diagnosis of aeration problems. Conversely, MaCO2 allows for monitoring up to a soil depth of 60 cm, facilitating analysis of the entire aeration situation in the main rooting zone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparative tests with a GC have shown that the measuring accuracy of the newly developed CO₂ measuring devices is comparable under laboratory and field conditions. Only in highly compacted soils with CO₂ concentrations above 5%, that the MiCO2 measurements were lower than those of the GC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MaCO2 even showed a clear advantage over the GC and MiCO2: Since measurement can be achieved by diffusion, there is no risk of drawing in and measuring soil air from soil layers besides the measurement depth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Health Assessment of Incorporating Bagasse in a Commercial Sugarcane Production System on Mineral Soils","authors":"Nan Xu,&nbsp;Jehangir H. Bhadha,&nbsp;Abul Rabbany,&nbsp;Stewart Swanson,&nbsp;James M. McCray,&nbsp;Yuncong Li,&nbsp;Sarah L. Strauss,&nbsp;Rao S. Mylavarapu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300355","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bagasse is a locally derived sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> spp.) by-product, which has the potential to improve the soil health of mineral soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the effects of bagasse on the soil health of an Entisol in Southern Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A field experiment was conducted on a commercial sugarcane production farm for approximately 4 years, where four rates of bagasse, including 5 cm bagasse (85 Mg ha⁻¹), 10 cm bagasse (170 Mg ha⁻¹), 10 cm bagasse (170 Mg ha⁻¹) plus 336 kg ha⁻¹ ammonium nitrate, and one control (no bagasse), were incorporated into 15 cm topsoil. Soil health indicators, including bulk density (BD), water-holding capacity (WHC), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), active carbon (C), soil protein, and nutrient contents—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)—were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single application of bagasse at 170 Mg ha⁻¹ or 170 Mg ha⁻¹ plus 336 kg ha⁻¹ ammonium nitrate had positive short-term effects on OM accumulation in soils, resulting in higher WHC and lower BD. Bagasse also significantly decreased soil pH, which is good for sugarcane production on alkaline soils. Soil CEC, Mehlich-3 P and K levels, active C, and soil protein enhanced when bagasse was applied at 170 Mg ha⁻¹ or 170 Mg ha⁻¹ plus 336 kg ha⁻¹ ammonium nitrate, which indicated an improvement of the overall soil chemical and biological health status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>10 cm of bagasse (170 Mg ha⁻¹) was recommended as a soil organic amendment for mineral soils in Southern Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use Effects on Organic Carbon in Andean Volcanic Ash Soils","authors":"Stefanie Staß,&nbsp;Kristof Dorau,&nbsp;Patricia Aguirre,&nbsp;Peter Schwiebert,&nbsp;Tim Mansfeldt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both organic carbon (OC) stocks and labile OC (LOC) fractions are important indicators of soil health and are sensitive to land use change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To study the effects of land use change on these indicators in montane volcanic ash soils, a soil transect was surveyed in northern Ecuador.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were collected from 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm soil depth at two agricultural sites with different time of cultivation and at three natural vegetation sites (tropical alpine grassland, páramo). LOC was determined as cold and hot water extractable OC (CWEOC and HWEOC). Molar absorptivity at 254 nm was determined in the extracts as a qualitative measure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total OC stocks were high at the páramo sites (51.3–60.2 kg C m⁻³) and the younger agricultural site (50.8 kg C m⁻³; 20 years of cultivation), but significantly lower (30.1 kg C m⁻³) at the older agricultural site (at least 100 years of cultivation); CWEOC (0.1%–0.7%) and HWEOC (0.6%–4.1%) represented only a small part of the OC. Both LOC pools decreased with increasing cultivation time, with CWEOC reflecting short-term and HWEOC long-term effects. In contrast, the molar absorptivity was highest at the oldest site (198–307 L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ vs. 36–64 L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ at the other sites), indicating that easily degradable labile C was depleted leaving compounds with higher aromaticity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The conversion of páramo into agricultural land negatively affects OC stocks and soil health, as indicated by reduced OC storage capacities and lower LOC contents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Fertilizer Value of Recycled Phosphorus for Horticulture Crops Through Acidification and Placement","authors":"Pietro Sica,&nbsp;Dorette Müller-Stöver,&nbsp;Jakob Magid","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Placement and acidification pretreatments are strategies to enhance the phosphorus (P) fertilizer value of biowastes. However, their impact on the commercial yield of horticultural crops and the effects on the contents of undesirable elements in the edible product are not well known.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main objective of this study was to assess how the placement and acidification of biowastes affect commercial yield and nutritional quality of vegetables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate this, we selected two byproducts from agroindustries, meat and bone meal (MBM) and digestate solid fraction (DSF), and conducted a pot experiment with peas and onions growing in 10-L pots. Four treatments were assessed for each biowaste: untreated mixed (UM), untreated placed (UP), acidified mixed (AM), and acidified placed (AP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acidification increased the water-soluble P of both byprodutcs to over 70% of the total P. For DSF, the AP treatment yielded over 100% more than UM, with a fertilizer value exceeding triple superphosphate. However, for MBM, no significant differences were found among UM, AM, and AP treatments, with UP yielding even less than the negative control, indicating a toxicity effect, probably of ammonium that reduced plant growth. Although acidification may have increased the solubility of undesirable elements, it was not reflected in plant composition, as higher P solubility contributed to increased commercial yields, diluting undesirable element content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therefore, the placement of acidified DSF shows promise in improving fertilizer value, with no adverse effects on the content of undesirable elements in onion bulbs and pea grains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption of 15N Enriched Ammonia by Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages","authors":"Jonas Frößl,&nbsp;Reiner Ruser,&nbsp;Torsten Müller","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loss of gaseous reactive nitrogen in the form of aerosols may impact human health, and its deposition leads to eutrophication and acidification of natural ecosystems. In order to reduce ammonia (NH₃) emissions, which are a main pathway of nitrogen loss to the environment, accurate monitoring and understanding of the factors involved is required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As information on the absorption of NH₃ by wheat plants in central Europe is scarce, we conducted a field experiment to quantify NH₃ absorption by a winter wheat canopy in May and June with each two emission scenarios (5 and 12 kg NH₃-N ha⁻¹).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To induce NH₃ emissions, a ¹⁵N enriched ammonium sulfate solution (pH 9) was applied in trays between the wheat rows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Absorption of the volatilized NH₃ of the aboveground plant biomass ranged between 23 and 181 mg NH₃-N m⁻² (corresponding to 14.8% and 20.0% of the emitted NH₃) and was significantly higher during the first sampling in May, when compared to the second sampling in June. A higher emission led to a higher absolute amount absorbed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate that wheat will indeed absorb significant amounts of NH₃ emitted at ground level. They will be useful for further improving NH₃ emission factors and the understanding of the NH₃ emission pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"171-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation Response of Biologically Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Mentha piperita L. on the Physio-Chemical Parameters of Pisum sativum L.","authors":"Seemab Akhtar,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan,&nbsp;Saima Sharif,&nbsp;Saeed Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In agriculture, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have gained considerable attention due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Natural, plant-based, or biological entities act as reducing and stabilizing agents that can be used to synthesize ZnO NPs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the impact of green-synthesized ZnO NPs derived from <i>Mentha piperita</i> L. on the growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters of <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for the characterization of ZnO NPs to confirm their structure, size, and stability. Various concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg L⁻¹) were applied to seeds of <i>P. sativum</i> for the subsequent evaluation of germination rates, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, and protein contents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that ZnO NPs significantly enhanced seed germination by up to 31% and positively influenced other growth parameters, including a 44% increase in shoot length, a 41.4% increase in root length, an 18.57% increase in shoot weight, and a 35.71% increase in root weight compared to the control. The treated plants exhibited increased chlorophyll content (42% in chlorophyll a and 34% in chlorophyll b), as well as elevated carbohydrate (36.67%) and protein (23.75%) levels, suggesting a positive impact on the plants’ metabolic activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Green-synthesized ZnO NPs significantly promoted pea seed germination, root and shoot growth, and improved key physiological and biochemical parameters, such as chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, and protein levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 1","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Application of Zeolite Technology in Ethiopia: A Path to Sustainable Agriculture Development","authors":"Kelemu Nakachew,&nbsp;Yohannes Gelaye,&nbsp;Solomon Ali,&nbsp;Tewabe Gebeyehu,&nbsp;Alemnesh Eskezia","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400421","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethiopia faces significant agricultural challenges, including soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and water scarcity, which threaten food security and sustainable development. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions to enhance soil health, conserve water resources, and improve crop productivity. This bibliographic review systematically explores the potential of zeolite technology as a tool for tackling these challenges in Ethiopia. Studies sourced from databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and AGRIS, were analyzed, with 123 articles selected on the basis of relevance, credibility, and data support. Zeolite technology offers multiple benefits, including reducing nutrient leaching by 65%–86%, increasing soil pH levels from 7.05 to 8.12 with a 7.5 t ha⁻¹ zeolite application, and improving grain yields by 15.9%–31.8% across crops like rice, barley, and maize with a 10 t ha⁻¹ application. Despite these advantages, the adoption of zeolite technology in Ethiopia remains limited. This review highlights the need for field trials to assess crop-specific responses and socio-economic impacts. If the identified research gaps are addressed, zeolite technology could become an essential component of Ethiopia's agricultural toolkit, enabling farmers to improve productivity, adapt to climate variability, and achieve sustainable food security. Its adoption could transform farming systems, contributing to Ethiopia's resilience against environmental stresses and supporting long-term agricultural development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 1","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Phosphorus on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown Under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions","authors":"Misbah Abbas,&nbsp;Ghulam Murtaza,&nbsp;Gary Owens,&nbsp;Muhammad Moaz Khursheed,&nbsp;Tajammal Hussain","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The current study aimed to assess the potential of foliar-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in improving wheat growth and mitigating the zinc (Zn) deficiency stress that is increased by the negative interaction between Zn and phosphorus (P) under saline–sodic soil conditions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A wire house trial was conducted to produce Zn-enriched wheat grains following exposure to nZnO and to examine the interaction of applied Zn with the plant-required P (PRP) (200 mg P kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). The treatments were: no nZnO and no P (control), no nZnO with PRP, nZnO-primed seed with PRP, foliar application of nZnO with PRP, fertigation of nZnO with PRP, soil application of nZnO with PRP, and foliar and soil application of nZnO with PRP, designated as C, PRP, Seed-nZnO+P, Foliar-nZnO+P, Fertigation-nZnO+P, Soil-nZnO+P, and Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P, respectively. For each treatment, 100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; Zn was used, except for Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P, for which 50 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; Zn solution was used during foliar application, and 50 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; Zn was applied to the soil. Soil chemical parameters (pH&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, EC&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;, sodium adsorption ratio [SAR], organic matter, soil Zn, and available P) were determined before the trial.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The method of nZnO application influenced Zn–P interactions and affected the final Zn and P contents in soil, root, shoot, and grain of wheat. Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P showed optimum response compared to other amendments, having 11.8 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; P and 6.93 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; Zn concentration in soil. The maximum P concentration in root, shoot, and grain (3.1, 3.0, and 2.8 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively) and maximum Zn concentration in root, shoot, and grain (0.067, 0.055, and 0.030 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively) were found where Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P used in combination. Similarly, a 96% increase in grain weight pers pot was observed in Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P when compared with control. The application of Foliar-Soil-nZnO+P showed improved plant height (57%), spike length (44%), shoot dry weight (3.42 times), membrane stability index (99%), relative water content (39%), SPAD value (35%), photosynthetic rate (5.56 times), and transpiration rate (77%) compared with control.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Foliar and soil application of nZnO along with the PRP dose resulted in the least negative Zn–P interaction and optimal Zn concentrations in wheat grain and yield. These optimal results were attributed to rapid stomatal penetration of Zn via foliar application and minimum reaction tim","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 1","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CULTAN Fertilization Contributes to Lower N Leaching While Maintaining Yield","authors":"Guénola Bernert,&nbsp;Ernst Spiess,&nbsp;Frank Liebisch","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300396","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The controlled uptake long-term ammonium nutrition (CULTAN) fertilization technique consists of injecting a concentrated ammonium solution into the soil and aims to positively impact crop physiology and N use efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assesses whether CULTAN can contribute to lower N leaching while maintaining yields in temperate regions with an annual precipitation of around 1000 mm or higher.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed a 12-year lysimeter experiment with two consecutive 6-crop rotations and a 3-year field experiment with winter wheat and maize in Switzerland. CULTAN was compared to a conventional surface application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (ConvF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CULTAN achieved at least similar yields compared to ConvF in both studies and had a 38% lower yield-scaled N leaching in the lysimeters. In both studies, CULTAN displayed higher nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) compared to ConvF, with an increase ranging from 8% to 17% depending on crop type, although a statistical significance was only found for winter wheat in the field study. NRE and N leaching were only weakly correlated, indicating that other N pathways are affected in the CULTAN fertilization system. Finally, we suggest that the timing and placement of the CULTAN injection need to be better adapted to the plant physiology and pedoclimatic conditions for optimal nutrient use and crop yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In areas of high nitrate concentration in the groundwater, CULTAN can be an effective fertilization strategy complementing loss reduction measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 1","pages":"118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Dynamics of Low Molecular Weight Organic Substances and Biochar in Arable Soils","authors":"Simon Kohlmann,&nbsp;Isabel Greenberg,&nbsp;Rainer Georg Joergensen,&nbsp;Michaela A. Dippold,&nbsp;Bernard Ludwig","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Main transformation pathways of low molecular weight organic substances (LMWOS) are understood, but only limited knowledge exists on their transformations in different soils and on their interactions with biochar.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Objectives were to study short-term pathways of ¹³C-labelled LMWOS with different functional groups in the presence and absence of biochar in arable loess soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soils from three sites were incubated with or without artificially aged biochar and ¹³C-labelled acetate, alanine or glucose at different rates (10 or 50 µmol C g⁻¹ soil) at 60% water holding capacity and 15°C for 5 days, and total and substrate-derived CO₂-C and microbial biomass C (MBC) were determined and analyses of variance were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cumulative CO₂-C (ΣCO₂-C) emission was significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) affected by substrate rate and type and their interaction. Biochar significantly stimulated total, but not substrate-derived ΣCO₂-C (ΣCO₂-C_SD) emission. Box-Cox transformed MBC was significantly affected by site, substrate rate and type, whereas biochar had no significant effect. Substrate-derived MBC (MBC_SD) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) were significantly affected by site, substrate rate and type and their interaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MBC_SD and CUE results at low addition rate confirmed the greater importance of glucose for the build-up of MBC compared to acetate and alanine, whereas the latter were mineralized to a greater extent. Biochar, once it is aged, which is the typical biochar form in soil, did not significantly affect build-up of MBC_SD and CUE and only slightly increased total, but not ΣCO₂-C_SD emission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 1","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}