Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Fusion of Vis-Near and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Data for a Prediction of Biochar C, Native Soil Organic C and Root C in a Designed Experiment With Loess Soils","authors":"Simon Kohlmann,&nbsp;Isabel Greenberg,&nbsp;Bernard Ludwig","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of predictions using visible to near-infrared (vis–NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for different organic compounds in arable soils is not sufficiently quantified and designed experiments are useful to assess the potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Objectives were to quantify the predictive accuracy of regressions using MIR and vis–NIR spectra for total organic carbon (OC), native soil OC (native SOC), aged biochar and root C in loess soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize roots and biochar were added at mean rates (± standard deviation) of 2 (±0.5) and 15 (±3.75) g C kg⁻¹ to soils from three different loess sites to obtain 450 soils and their spectra were recorded. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regressions (SVMR) were used in three-fold partitioning with (1) pseudo-independent calibration and validation and (2) calibration and validation for the respective sites with and without spiking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data fusion (concatenation or outer product analysis) using SVMR were the most successful approaches in the validations for all training strategies (0.81 ≤ mean <i>R</i>² ≤ 0.98) for total OC, added biochar C, combined native SOC + added root C, and native SOC, but failed to accurately predict added root C separately from total OC. Variable importance in the projection of PLSR indicated a good differentiation between biochar C and other organic compounds, but not between native SOC + added root C and native SOC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For rates of root and biochar C inputs which are typical in agricultural experiments, fusion and spiking allowed a quantitative differentiation of total OC into biochar C and native SOC + root C, but not a separate quantification of root C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"430-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium Uptake and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth as Affected by Different Rates and Forms of Nitrogen","authors":"Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Asif Naeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Faizan Ilyas,&nbsp;Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Selenium (Se) concentration is low in animal meat and human beings due to its insufficient levels in forage and feed sources.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study investigates the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and N forms to improve the biomass and Se concentration in maize forage.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The soil in the pots was fertilized with N at the rates of 165 and 330 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; without and with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). DMPP was added to soil at the rate of 0.01% of added N, whereas Se was added at the rate of 40 µg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. In the following experiment, the effect of N forms (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N +O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N) was evaluated on the growth and the accumulation of Se, N and phosphorus (P) in maize shoots in Se-fertilized (40 µg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and control soils. The Se-fertilized and controls soils were designated as Se(+) and Se(−), respectively. The soil texture was sandy and its pH was moderately acidic (5.40).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The DMPP-treated soil had 27%–42% higher NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N content at harvest than the non-treated soil. The DMPP treatment of soil also increased shoot Se content by 19%–23% and Se uptake by 37%–42%. A negative correlation was found between NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N: NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N ratio and shoot Se uptake, suggesting that NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N negatively affected Se uptake by maize. Results of second experiment depicted that applying NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N led to higher shoot Se content and uptake than NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N. In case of Se-unfertilized soil, adding NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N produced 14% and 56% more shoot Se content and uptake, respectively, whereas these increases were 39% and 83% on Se-fertilized soils. Similar to Se uptake, plants fed with NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N had higher P and N uptake by maize shoots than that fed with NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N. The SPAD value and shoot biomass were also higher by applying NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-N than NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-N.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;These results imply that N fertilization, specifically combined application of Se and ammonium-based fertilizers could improve biomass yield and Se content of maize, which is likely to yield maize gr","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"422-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to the HiStory series in Plant Nutrition","authors":"Wolfgang Böhm,&nbsp;Alexander H. Wissemeier","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three nitrogen issues dominated the scientific debates from the middle of the 19th century: (1) Is fertilization with nitrogen necessary at all, which was prominently questioned by Justus von Liebig. (2) How can one explain the special nature of legumes with regard to the nitrogen budget in agricultural systems. And (3) once the need for nitrogen fertilization of non-leguminous plants had been recognized, how can one provide nitrogen fertilizer once the deposits of fossil nitrogen, such as Chile saltpeter, are exhausted. Liebig postulated that plants could cover their nitrogen requirements by taking up ammonia from the atmosphere, so nitrogen fertilization was not necessary. However, this hypothesis contradicted the practical experience of many farmers, who achieved higher yields with additional nitrogen fertilization. Agricultural scientists such as John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert in England and Julius Adolph Stöckhardt and Emil Wolff in Germany intensively conducted the debate. Lawes and Gilbert carried out numerous field trials that proved that nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the yields of many crops, calling Liebig's nitrogen theory into question. Finally, the academically trained farmer Albert Schultz-Lupitz made a decisive contribution to renewing the debate. Through his field trials, he realized that legumes in crop rotation leave nitrogen in the soil, allowing subsequent cereal crops to thrive without additional nitrogen fertilization. This “Lupitz fertilization system” suggested that legumes could use atmospheric nitrogen, which contradicted previous doctrine. Schultz-Lupitz's findings once again made nitrogen a central topic of discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Circular Phosphorus Economy: Agronomic Performance of Recycled Fertilizers and Target Crops","authors":"Michael Walsh,&nbsp;Gerhard Schenk,&nbsp;Nicole Robinson,&nbsp;Samuel John,&nbsp;Buddhi Dayananda,&nbsp;Vithya Krishnan,&nbsp;Christian Adam,&nbsp;Ludwig Hermann,&nbsp;Susanne Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The circular phosphorus (P) economy addresses economic and environmental penalties inherent to the current linear P economy. Phosphorus sources recovered from waste steams (recyclates) offer an alternative to conventional fertilizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research aimed to assess the agronomic performance of P recyclates derived from wastewater (hazenite, struvite), treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) and compost (FOGO food organics/garden organics) with crops previously characterized for P use efficiency (PUE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus was supplied as granules and benchmarked against conventional fertilizers or mineral solution. Grown in controlled conditions, crops received recyclates individually or as amalgamates, with or without additional water-soluble P. We quantified P uptake, yield and phytate content, and calculated agronomic performance indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed that (1) crop genotypes with purportedly lower or higher PUE showed similar performance when grown with limiting P supply and/or less soluble P recyclates, (2) crop performance improved when less soluble P recyclates were combined with water-soluble P, (3) crops produced similar yield and biomass when supplied with an organo-mineral formulation, hazenite, or conventional fertilizer, (4) grain accumulated higher levels of the antinutrient phytate with excess soluble P.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that suitably formulated P recyclates can supplement or replace conventional fertilizers, and that fertilizer design should consider the solubility of recyclates and a crop's ability to access less soluble P. This adds to the growing body of evidence that well-formulated next-generation fertilizers can efficiently nourish crops. Integrating insights from controlled experiments and field trials is a cost-effective strategy to actualize the circular P economy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"408-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Tracer Technology as a Tool for Quantifying Fertilizer Use Efficiency","authors":"Surya Teja Varanasi,&nbsp;Kannan Pandian,&nbsp;S. Meena,&nbsp;M. Raju,&nbsp;P. C. Prabu,&nbsp;K. Raja,&nbsp;M. Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increase in the global population, the importance of efficient use of fertilizer will become essential, and the development of innovative and effective fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) strategies is a need of the hour. However, injudicious fertilizer use leads to nutrient losses and environmental pollution. Several technologies have been developed to improve crop production and nutrient uptake from applied fertilizers, including balanced fertilization, foliar application, mixed fertilization, controlled-release fertilizers, and slow-release nano-fertilizers. To quantify the efficiency of fertilizers, several indicators are being used such as nutrient use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity. Isotope tracer studies have proven useful in measuring soil nutrient availability, quantifying nutrient uptake by plants through nutrients derived from fertilizer, monitoring losses to the environment, and establishing nutrient transport and accumulation inside plants. Results of stable isotopes ¹⁵N, ¹³C, and ³⁴S and radioisotopes ³²P and ⁶⁵Zn accurately measure the nutrient use potential of crops and their partitioning efficiency. Radioisotope studies have demonstrated that foliar nutrient application can be faster and more effective than soil application for some crops, offering a promising approach to improving FUE. Despite its potentiality, tracer research has many challenges, including ensuring that target nutrient concentrations are within analytical method ranges, accounting for isotopic interference from non-target compounds, limited access to specialized equipment and measurement errors. To overcome these constraints, advanced tracer study methodology and integration with sensor-based detection must be developed to augment nutrient use efficiency through site-specific fertilizer management in precision agriculture. Continued research collaborations are valuable for exploiting the full potential of tracer technology for different nutrients in optimizing the dose of nutrients to boost crop yields sustainably, thereby contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"376-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assignment of Thermogravimetric Mass Losses to Soil Organic Matter, Its Fractions Hot Water–Extractable and Microbial Biomass Carbon, and Organic Matter–Stabilizing Soil Mineral Properties","authors":"Malte Ortner,&nbsp;Michael Seidel,&nbsp;Dörte Diehl,&nbsp;Michael Vohland,&nbsp;Sören Thiele-Bruhn","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400498","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) can be characterized by thermal analysis. Methods to determine the thermal stability of SOM have recently been increasingly applied in soil analysis. Most studies focus on organic carbon (OC), whereas its subfractions, for example, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) or hot water–extractable carbon (HWEC), representing fast-reacting pools, have been less investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A set of 100 soil samples was analyzed for thermal mass losses and their relation to SOM and soil mineral phase properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The temperature-dependent mass losses were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. For this purpose, soils differing in terms of parent material, soil texture, and land use were characterized and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperature ranges of mass losses and corresponding fractions of different thermal stability (thermolabile and thermostable) were defined. SOM-related parameters were highly correlated with mass losses of the thermolabile fractions. Mass losses of thermostable matter were significantly correlated with soil mineral phase parameters. The soil thermostability index (STSI) was calculated as the ratio of thermolabile and thermostable mass proportions, represented by the mass losses of selected temperature intervals. Regressions of STSI with ratios of mineral phase parameters to OC (e.g., clay/OC), representing the saturation degree of the mineral phase with OC, HWEC, or MBC, yielded strong relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The saturation of the mineral phase with OC determines the thermal stability of OC. Overall, relevant factors for OC thermal stability were identified. OC and HWEC were significantly correlated with thermal stability and mineral phase saturation. For MBC, no such relationship was found, indicating that its stability is driven by other factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"334-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano Nutrient Foliar Application: Impacts on Yield, Quality, and Nutrient Efficiency in Dryland Finger Millet","authors":"Ziya Ul Huq,&nbsp;B. G. Vasanthi,&nbsp; Mudalagiriyappa,&nbsp;M. A. Sneha,&nbsp;M. C. Harish,&nbsp;K. Devaraja,&nbsp;H. S. Latha,&nbsp;K. A. Gopinath,&nbsp;V. Visha Kumari,&nbsp;Tarunendu Singh,&nbsp;M. R. Krupashankar,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300294","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen and zinc are the most critical macro- and micronutrients that significantly determine the crop productivity. Foliar application of these nutrients is a proven technology to abate acute deficiency at any crop-growing stage. Recent developments in the field of nanotechnology such as spraying of nano-urea and nano zinc in combination with conventional fertilizers enhance crop growth and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of crop.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This investigation assessed the impact of nano nutrient foliar sprays on the growth, yield, qualitative and quantitative traits, and nutrient utilization efficiency of finger millet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experiment was conducted at AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during <i>Kharif</i> 2021 with finger millet as test crop. It comprises 12 treatments with different levels of nitrogen in combination with foliar application of nano nutrients at 35 and 55 DAS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Foliar application of nano-N and nano-Zn along with 100% RDN + recommended PK in finger millet significantly enhanced the growth, yield, and nutrient utilization efficiency of finger millet. Application of 100% RDF + foliar spray of nano-N and nano-Zn recorded the highest grain yield (3486 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yield (4810 kg ha⁻¹), significantly outperforming treatments with conventional fertilizers alone. This treatment also improved the qualitative attributes such as the number of ear heads (6.53), length of ear heads (6.95 cm), and dry weight per plant (146.80 g). Similar was the trend with antioxidant enzymes, namely, catalase and peroxidase activity, proximate composition of finger millet grain with higher crude protein (8.88%), crude fiber (2.90%), ash (2.40%), and fat (1.46%). Moreover, this treatment also recorded the highest economic returns, with gross returns of Rs. 108,192 ha⁻¹ and net returns of Rs. 79,579 ha⁻¹, making it the most effective and beneficial strategy for finger millet cultivation under dryland conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The productivity and NUE of finger millet were higher with foliar application of nano nutrients along with 75% RDN + recommended PK and were found to be cost-effective compared to conventional fertilizers alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"350-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat Growth, Yield and Metal Uptake From a Cadmium and Lead Contaminated Soil Following Pressmud and Phosphate Fertilizer Application","authors":"Basit Haider,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of wastewater for crop irrigation may introduce toxic metals into soils, leading to the contamination of food crops. This may result in reduced crop productivity and food adulteration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to characterize pressmud (PM) and to evaluate the effect of PM and single super phosphate (SSP) on wheat yield and the associated health risks of consuming wheat grains grown on metal-contaminated soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight PM samples, collected from different sugar industries, were characterized. Subsequently, a pot experiment was conducted on a metal-contaminated soil to evaluate the effect of PM (control, 10 and 20 g kg⁻¹ soil) and SSP (0 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ soil) on wheat growth, yield, metal concentration in grains, and health risk index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean values of the various parameters of the PM samples were as follows: electrical conductivity 4.81 dS m⁻¹, pH 5.74, cation exchange capacity 66 meq 100 g⁻¹, nitrogen 1.53%, phosphorus 1.26%, potassium 0.72%, organic carbon 36.04%, lead (Pb) 1.32 mg kg⁻¹, cadmium (Cd) 8 µg kg⁻¹, surface area 7.925 m² g⁻¹, total pore volume 0.0219 cm³ g⁻¹ and pore diameter 27.33 nm. FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups that might play a role in metal adsorption within the soil. Results from the pot experiment showed that PM increased the grain yield by 131% compared to control; however, it was at par with the SSP treatment. The increase in grain yield in PM amended soil was linked to improved nutrient acquisition and decreased metal accumulation. PM -amended soil had higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to unamended soil, resulting in 2.96-, 1.85- and 2.42-fold higher grain contents, respectively. Moreover, PM decreased the accumulation of Cd and Pb in grains by 48% and 56%, respectively, compared to control, whereas the effect of SSP was nonsignificant. Health risk indices for consuming Cd- and Pb-contaminated grains were 1.18 and 6.48, respectively; however, the addition of PM decreased these values to 0.53 and 3.48.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PM improves wheat productivity and reduces health risks for humans associated with the consumption of wheat grains grown on the metal-contaminated soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"324-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Flux of Biological Soil Crusts Associated With Xeric Shrublands During Drying and Wetting Cycles","authors":"Dulce Flores-Rentería,&nbsp;Gabriela Guillen-Cruz,&nbsp;Fernando Ayala-Niño,&nbsp;Emmanuel F. Campuzano","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play a pivotal role in arid ecosystems, influencing carbon (C) dynamics in response to changing conditions, especially water availability. Understanding their adaptability is crucial for ecosystem management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to elucidate the C dynamics of BSCs in regulated drying-wetting cycles, exploring immediate responses across different temporal scales (hourly and daily) and their relationship with environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, and radiation).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BSCs were collected at nine sites in the Chihuahuan Desert with preserved xeric shrublands. Samples were subjected to controlled drying-wetting cycles, and C fluxes were measured at different daily and hourly periods. Environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, and photosynthetically active radiation) were also monitored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following wetting, significant BSC respiration was observed, with a quick decrease throughout the day, related to air temperature. In contrast, C uptake was less affected by wetting and showed a delayed response. C uptake was more sensitive to relative humidity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified the potential role of BSCs in C dynamics (respiration and uptake) in xeric shrublands and the main controls. Our study reveals BSC adaptability to drying-wetting cycles, emphasizing significant respiration and different metabolic activation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolites Released by Poaceae Roots Under Iron-Deficient Conditions","authors":"Teresa Saavedra,&nbsp;Maribela Pestana,&nbsp;José Paulo Da Silva,&nbsp;Pedro José Correia","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strategy-II, as a response mechanism, is limited to grasses under Fe deficiency and is based on the secretion of phytosiderophores (PS) into the rhizosphere, in conjunction with the induction of a high-affinity system for Fe(III)-PS uptake. This strategy has a significant ecological impact and is essential for sustainable agriculture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, we studied the physiological and metabolic responses of <i>Poa pratensis</i> L., <i>Lolium perenne</i> L., and <i>Festuca rubra</i> L. when grown in nutrient solution under Fe deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After chlorosis appeared, we analyzed leaf pigment concentrations, biomass, and ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity of root tips. We also screened the metabolites released by root exudates using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants grown with low or no Fe availability had significantly lower fresh weight (FW) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) but higher FCR activity as compared to control plants. The root exudates contain carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and peptides, among others. An increase in carboxylic acid content was correlated with Fe chlorosis in all species studied. However, the specific compounds that were upregulated varied depending on the species. Root exudates contained several upregulated metabolites that were identified as small peptides and/or peptide derivates based on their spectral data and formulas that are compatible with small peptides and/or peptide derivatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results, together with the metal binding/chelation properties of many peptides, highlight the release of these compounds and/or their derivatives as a response of grasses to increase the Fe bioavailability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"312-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}