Wheat Growth, Yield and Metal Uptake From a Cadmium and Lead Contaminated Soil Following Pressmud and Phosphate Fertilizer Application

IF 2.6 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI:10.1002/jpln.202400217

Basit Haider, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ashraf

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The use of wastewater for crop irrigation may introduce toxic metals into soils, leading to the contamination of food crops. This may result in reduced crop productivity and food adulteration.

Aims

This study aimed to characterize pressmud (PM) and to evaluate the effect of PM and single super phosphate (SSP) on wheat yield and the associated health risks of consuming wheat grains grown on metal-contaminated soil.

Methodology

Eight PM samples, collected from different sugar industries, were characterized. Subsequently, a pot experiment was conducted on a metal-contaminated soil to evaluate the effect of PM (control, 10 and 20 g kg⁻¹ soil) and SSP (0 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ soil) on wheat growth, yield, metal concentration in grains, and health risk index.

Results

The mean values of the various parameters of the PM samples were as follows: electrical conductivity 4.81 dS m⁻¹, pH 5.74, cation exchange capacity 66 meq 100 g⁻¹, nitrogen 1.53%, phosphorus 1.26%, potassium 0.72%, organic carbon 36.04%, lead (Pb) 1.32 mg kg⁻¹, cadmium (Cd) 8 µg kg⁻¹, surface area 7.925 m² g⁻¹, total pore volume 0.0219 cm³ g⁻¹ and pore diameter 27.33 nm. FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups that might play a role in metal adsorption within the soil. Results from the pot experiment showed that PM increased the grain yield by 131% compared to control; however, it was at par with the SSP treatment. The increase in grain yield in PM amended soil was linked to improved nutrient acquisition and decreased metal accumulation. PM -amended soil had higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to unamended soil, resulting in 2.96-, 1.85- and 2.42-fold higher grain contents, respectively. Moreover, PM decreased the accumulation of Cd and Pb in grains by 48% and 56%, respectively, compared to control, whereas the effect of SSP was nonsignificant. Health risk indices for consuming Cd- and Pb-contaminated grains were 1.18 and 6.48, respectively; however, the addition of PM decreased these values to 0.53 and 3.48.

Conclusions

PM improves wheat productivity and reduces health risks for humans associated with the consumption of wheat grains grown on the metal-contaminated soil.

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施磷肥和压浆对镉铅污染土壤小麦生长、产量和金属吸收的影响

背景将废水用于作物灌溉可能会将有毒金属带入土壤，导致粮食作物受到污染。这可能会导致作物产量下降和食品掺假。目的本研究旨在描述碾压泥（PM）的特征，并评估碾压泥和单一过磷酸钙（SSP）对小麦产量的影响，以及食用在受金属污染的土壤上种植的小麦谷物的相关健康风险。方法对从不同制糖业收集的 8 个 PM 样品进行了特征描述。随后，在受金属污染的土壤上进行了盆栽实验，以评估 PM（对照、10 和 20 g kg-1 土壤）和 SSP（0 和 250 mg kg-1 土壤）对小麦生长、产量、麦粒中金属浓度和健康风险指数的影响。结果 PM 样品各种参数的平均值如下：电导率 4.81 dS m-1，pH 值 5.74，阳离子交换容量 66 meq 100 g-1，氮 1.53%，磷 1.26%，钾 0.72%，有机碳 36.04%，铅（Pb）1.32 mg kg-1，镉（Cd）8 µg kg-1，表面积 7.925 m2 g-1，总孔隙体积 0.0219 cm3 g-1，孔隙直径 27.33 nm。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示，土壤中存在各种可能在金属吸附中发挥作用的官能团。盆栽实验结果表明，与对照组相比，可湿性粉剂使谷物产量提高了 131%，但与 SSP 处理的效果相当。PM 改良土壤中谷物产量的增加与养分获取的改善和金属积累的减少有关。与未添加可吸入颗粒物的土壤相比，添加了可吸入颗粒物的土壤中氮、磷和钾的浓度更高，使谷物含量分别提高了 2.96 倍、1.85 倍和 2.42 倍。此外，与对照组相比，可吸入颗粒物可使谷物中镉和铅的累积量分别减少 48% 和 56%，而 SSP 的影响则不显著。食用被镉和铅污染的谷物的健康风险指数分别为 1.18 和 6.48；然而，添加 PM 后，这些指数分别降至 0.53 和 3.48。结论 PM 提高了小麦的产量，降低了食用在金属污染土壤上种植的小麦谷物对人体造成的健康风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

8-16 weeks

期刊介绍： Established in 1922, the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (JPNSS) is an international peer-reviewed journal devoted to cover the entire spectrum of plant nutrition and soil science from different scale units, e.g. agroecosystem to natural systems. With its wide scope and focus on soil-plant interactions, JPNSS is one of the leading journals on this topic. Articles in JPNSS include reviews, high-standard original papers, and short communications and represent challenging research of international significance. The Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science is one of the world’s oldest journals. You can trust in a peer-reviewed journal that has been established in the plant and soil science community for almost 100 years. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (ISSN 1436-8730) is published in six volumes per year, by the German Societies of Plant Nutrition (DGP) and Soil Science (DBG). Furthermore, the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (JPNSS) is a Cooperating Journal of the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS). The journal is produced by Wiley-VCH. Topical Divisions of the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science that are receiving increasing attention are: JPNSS – Topical Divisions Special timely focus in interdisciplinarity: - sustainability & critical zone science. Soil-Plant Interactions: - rhizosphere science & soil ecology - pollutant cycling & plant-soil protection - land use & climate change. Soil Science: - soil chemistry & soil physics - soil biology & biogeochemistry - soil genesis & mineralogy. Plant Nutrition: - plant nutritional physiology - nutrient dynamics & soil fertility - ecophysiological aspects of plant nutrition.