Journal of Pharmacy Technology最新文献

{"title":"The Comparative Dosing and Glycemic Control of Intermediate and Long-Acting Insulins in Adult Patients With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Anna Kabakov,&nbsp;Andrew Merker","doi":"10.1177/87551225211055700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211055700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The various basal insulin products possess differences in pharmacokinetics that can significantly impact glycemic control and total daily basal insulin dosing. In addition, there will be instances where transitions between the different long-acting insulins will need to be made. Because every basal insulin product is not interchangeable on a 1:1 unit-to-unit basis, it is important for health care providers to understand the expected dose adjustments necessary to maintain a similar level of glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A Medline and Web of Science search was conducted in September 2021 using the following keywords and medical subjecting headings: NPH, glargine, detemir, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data extraction: </strong>Included articles were those that followed adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared the following types of insulin: \"NPH and glargine,\" \"NPH and detemir,\" and \"glargine and detemir\" for at least 4 weeks, had documented basal insulin (BI) doses, and excluded pregnant patients.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Twenty-five articles were found that include adult type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Once daily NPH can be converted unit-to-unit to glargine or detemir. Twice daily NPH converted to glargine or detemir requires an initial 20% reduction in BI dose. An increase in dose of BI is recommended when transitioning from glargine to detemir. Glargine and detemir consistently resulted in improved glycemic control with lower incidence of hypoglycemic events compared with NPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When transitioning between long-acting insulins, the doses are not always interchangeable on a 1:1 basis. Unit dose adjustments are likely if transitioning between BIs and can influence short-term parameters in the acute care setting and long-term parameters in the outpatient setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820046/pdf/10.1177_87551225211055700.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39905591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/87551225211073553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211073553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"63 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated With Nephrotoxicity During Outpatient Intravenous Vancomycin Administration.","authors":"Karen M Krueger,&nbsp;Lisa LaCloche,&nbsp;Amy Buros Stein,&nbsp;Ryan Kates,&nbsp;Milena Murray,&nbsp;Michael P Angarone","doi":"10.1177/87551225211054378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211054378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Many studies have described an association between intravenous vancomycin and nephrotoxicity; however, the majority have evaluated incidence and risk factors among hospitalized patients. Outpatient administration of intravenous antibiotics is a growing practice and presents its own set of unique challenges. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in the outpatient setting. <b>Methods:</b> A case-control study of patients who received intravenous vancomycin through an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) program was conducted. Patients were identified who developed an acute kidney injury (AKI) during treatment. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI during treatment. <b>Results:</b> A total of 37 out of 130 patients (28.5%) met the criteria for AKI. AKI was more likely to occur in patients with a longer duration of therapy, higher maximum trough concentration, co-administration of a fluoroquinolone or metronidazole, and those who received another potentially nephrotoxic medication. Co-administration of a fluoroquinolone (OR = 5.96, <i>P</i> = 0.009, [CI: 1.59, 24.38]), any nephrotoxic medication (OR = 11.17, <i>P</i> < 0.001, [CI 3.14, 51.23]), and a higher maximum vancomycin trough (OR = 1.29, <i>P</i> < 0.001, [CI 1.17, 1.44]) were all indicative of a higher odds of an AKI. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this cohort, vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity was common during outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy. Co-administration of a fluoroquinolone, any nephrotoxic medication, and a higher maximum vancomycin trough were associated with AKI development. Further study is needed to determine how this impacts long-term clinical outcomes and what measures can be taken to reduce nephrotoxicity risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820041/pdf/10.1177_87551225211054378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39905151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Generation and Pharmacy Regulatory Authority Awareness.","authors":"Todd A Boyle,&nbsp;Bobbi Morrison,&nbsp;Thomas Mahaffey","doi":"10.1177/87551225211051593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211051593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Professional regulatory authorities play a critical role in protecting public interest. Yet, there is a growing view that trust in regulatory authorities may be on the decline. <b>Objective:</b> Awareness has been identified as important for maintaining trust. However, research that examines public awareness and trust in pharmacy regulatory authorities (PRAs) is lacking. This research explores public awareness and trust of PRAs and presents recommendations to enhance PRA communication strategies. <b>Methods:</b> An online survey was conducted with the Nova Scotia (Canada) public in 2020. Adopting classifications from the Communications literature, 3 media generations were explored: newspaper, television, and the Internet. The χ² test of independence and Kruskal-Wallis <i>H</i> test were adopted to explore differences between the generations. <b>Results:</b> Six hundred sixty-two usable surveys were obtained. Over 80% of those surveyed were aware of the existence of the PRA. Those who had heard of the PRA were most aware of its operational responsibilities and less aware of its governance. The Internet Generation was more aware that the PRA includes members of the public in its decision making than expected and showed increased trust toward the PRA versus the other media generations. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings should help inform PRA communication plans and set baselines to assess whether such plans enhance awareness. Future studies should explore additional aspects of PRA awareness and trust, perform comparisons across pharmacy jurisdictions, and develop and test models of the relationship between PRA awareness and various dimensions of institutional trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39905590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Olmesartan Medoxomil Extemporaneous Suspensions.","authors":"Prapanna Bhattarai,&nbsp;Timothy McPherson,&nbsp;Marcelo Nieto,&nbsp;William M Kolling","doi":"10.1177/87551225211051756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211051756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is only available in the United States as tablets. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) has placed OLM on its priority list of preparations that require stability data to support practitioner compounding. <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of the study was to develop a stability-indicating assay and then determine the beyond-use date (BUD) for an extemporaneous OLM suspension. <b>Methods:</b> A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed and validated according to guidelines for USP official compounded monographs. OLM 2 mg/mL suspensions were compounded with Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus and stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator. Suspensions were assayed periodically over 90 days for OLM concentration and observed for physical stability. The pH was measured at the beginning and end of the study. <b>Results:</b> The OLM concentration remained above 97% of the starting concentration for 90 days when stored in the refrigerator and above 94% of the starting concentration for 90 days when stored at room temperature. The suspension pH did not change and indicators of physical stability were unchanged for 90 days. <b>Conclusion:</b> OLM 2 mg/mL suspensions were chemically and physically stable at room temperature and in the refrigerator for 90 days. The BUD may be set at 90 days under either storage condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820043/pdf/10.1177_87551225211051756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39905150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the hospitals’ antimicrobial stewardship programs implemented to improve antibiotics’ utilization, cost and resistance patterns","authors":"Ovais Ullah Shirazi, Norny Syafinaz Ab Rahman, C. S. Zin","doi":"10.31436/jop.v2i1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v2i1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The high reliance of the physicians and surgeons on the antibiotics since their discovery has led to an irrational antibiotic utilization which not only has raised the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) but also increased the cost of treatment with antibiotics as high use of antibiotics has been found related to the occurrence of certain nosocomial infections which need extra antibiotic courses to be cured. In order to overcome these antibiotic utilization related problems an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program being the set of various persuasive, restrictive and structural interventions is considered an effective tool to rationalize the in-patient antimicrobial utilization worldwide.\u0000Method: The focus of this review is on the interventions that are being implemented during the in-patient AMS programs and have been described effective in controlling the antibiotic utilization, their cost of treatment and an overall infection control. The literature containing the information about various AMS interventions effecting the utilization and cost patterns along with the impact on AMR was searched in various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ovid (Medline) and Scopus. The categorical sorting of the published data is based on various AMS interventions such as the guideline development, formulary restriction (pre-authorization), educative interventions, clinical pathway development and prospective (post prescription) audit. Considering the objectives of the study such as the goal to curb overutilization of antibiotics, control of their cost of treatment for in-patients and infection control the sorted literature is presented in three different tables describing the AMS impact on the said outcomes.\u0000Results: The post AMS changes in utilization patterns are described as fall of antibiotics defined daily doses (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) which resulted in the reduction of the cost of treatment with antibiotics. The reduction of the cost of treatment with antibiotics also resulted due to the AMS impact on the control of various nosocomial and multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections.\u0000Conclusion:  It has been concluded that the AMS program if implemented under the supervision of an expert AMS team mainly comprising of an infectious disease (ID) physician, clinical pharmacists and microbiologists with considerable support by the hospital authorities could be a highly efficient tool of the pharmacovigilance for rationalizing the in-patient antimicrobial practice.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83930375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting waiting time in Outpatient Pharmacy at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II)","authors":"Fairul Ezwan Fahrurazi, Nuraddeen Ibrahim, Nurul Musfirah Mafauzy, Wan Nor Ain Wan Ismail, Syauqin Syazwani Mohamed Rusli","doi":"10.31436/jop.v2i1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v2i1.105","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) has identified that patient waiting time as one of the most important measurements of a responsive health system for healthcare services. Outpatient pharmacy is associated with patient waiting time as the indicator for satisfaction of the services. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting waiting time in Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan. Materials and method: A cross sectional study was conducted by collecting prescription received in outpatient pharmacy from 1st October 2020 till 31st December 2020. All prescriptions prescribed manually were excluded. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the factors affecting waiting time and the data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 248 prescriptions were collected in outpatient pharmacy. The mean waiting time in outpatient pharmacy was 23.0 minutes (SD = 11.0). Waiting time was found to be associated with number of medications in the prescription, number of staff working on that day, prescriptions which required intervention and filling personnel. Conclusion: The waiting time at the outpatient pharmacy of HRPZ II indicated the acceptable range of quality services which met the patient’s satisfaction. Future studies are needed to confirm the satisfaction level of patients and further improve quality of the service.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84701919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing Practices of Antibiotics for Acute Diarrhea in Children Aged Less than Five Years Old in Pakistan","authors":"Durr-e-Shahwar Siddiqui","doi":"10.31436/jop.v2i1.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v2i1.116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Childhood diarrhea accounts for 16% of child deaths in Pakistan. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics, prescribing of antibiotics for viral infections, self-medication using antibiotics, prescription sharing, and refilling are very common practices in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescribing practices of antibiotics for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age at a Secondary Healthcare Hospital of Pakistan and to assess the compliance of prescribers with authentic clinical guidelines of treatment for childhood acute diarrhea.\u0000Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year, from August 2020 to August 2021, at a Secondary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. It was based on the collection of outpatient clinic prescriptions of children aged less than five years and suffering from acute diarrhea. The regimens or suggested therapies by prescribers for acute diarrhea were assessed as per The National Institute of Care and Health Excellence and World Health Organization guidelines. A brief questionnaire was also distributed among prescribers, pharmacists, and caretakers of children to extract their opinions regarding antibiotic prescribing in acute diarrhea.Results: Antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed for acute diarrhea among children in Pakistan because p-value was less than 0.05 (p<0.05) as calculated by descriptive statistical tools using Z-test. More than 90% prescriptions of acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age failed to comply with the authentic treatment guidelines.Discussion: Due to the limited knowledge of prescribers regarding treatment guidelines and compliance of parents with antibiotic prescribing for diseases in children, irrational prescribing of antibiotics for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age is frequent in Pakistan. Healthcare professionals must be adequately trained to ensure the proper management of acute diarrhea by following authentic clinical guidelines.\u0000Conclusion: Antibiotics are irrationally prescribed for acute diarrhea in children less than five years of age in Pakistan and prescriptions do not comply with authentic clinical guidelines.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90588564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Prolonged Versus Continuous Infusions of Piperacillin/Tazobactam During Shortages of Small Volume Parenteral Solutions.","authors":"Emily Tschumper,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Dupuis,&nbsp;Kim McCrory,&nbsp;Wes Pitts","doi":"10.1177/87551225211034978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211034978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In 2017, a national drug shortage of small volume solutions significantly affected the preparation of intravenous antibiotics. In response, a continuous infusion administration protocol for piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) was implemented. <b>Objective:</b> To compare the outcomes of continuous to prolonged infusions of PIP/TAZ in the setting of drug shortages. <b>Methods:</b> This study is a single-center, retrospective cohort study in a community hospital of patients 18 years and older who received intravenous PIP/TAZ through 2 different dosing strategies of intravenous antibiotics from December 2016 to January 2018. Data were collected for 2 months on patients receiving prolonged infusions of PIP/TAZ prior to November 2017 and for 2 months on patients receiving continuous infusions of PIP/TAZ after November 2017. <b>Results:</b> A total of 90 patients who received PIP/TAZ via either prolonged (n = 47) or continuous infusion (n = 43) were evaluated. There were no differences between the groups in mortality (3 vs 2 deaths, <i>P</i> = 1.00), length of therapy (6 ± 4 vs 6 ± 3 days, <i>P</i> = .86), or length of stay (9 ± 7 vs 8 ± 6 days, <i>P</i> = .47). Additionally, no differences were noted between incidences of thrombocytopenia (<i>P</i> = .41), <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (<i>P</i> = .48), acute renal failure (<i>P</i> = 1.00), seizures (<i>P</i> = 1.0), or 30-day readmission rates (<i>P</i> = .27). <b>Conclusions:</b> Administration of continuous infusion PIP/TAZ appears to be a viable mitigation strategy during small volume fluid shortages. Future cost-effectiveness studies may provide information on the financial impact of continuous infusions during costly drug shortages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211034978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39633877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Support of Initial Parenteral Medical Management of Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal in Spasticity Patients.","authors":"Brian L LaRowe,&nbsp;Vicki M Nussbaum","doi":"10.1177/87551225211039237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211039237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Spasticity may present as a wide range of symptoms and conditions. With this protean presentation, a consensus regarding the best course of treatment does not exist. Those patients most severely affected may receive significant benefit from intrathecal baclofen delivery. However, this therapy may itself lead to patient injury in the event of withdrawal. <b>Objective:</b> Withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen may devolve rapidly into a situation in which the patient may incur significant morbidity and even death. A focused, prompt treatment plan would afford the patient the best possible outcome. <b>Methods:</b> The medical literature was reviewed for reports of plans of treatment of baclofen withdrawal and the results obtained. The nature of this problem does not lend itself to a typical study design, depending on case reports and basic pharmacological science application. The paucity of such reports severely limits categorical comparison of patient characteristics and clinical circumstances. Clinical situations, patient characteristics, and therapies were considered and compared. Outcomes of the varied treatments were evaluated for efficacy. <b>Results:</b> Inaccurate diagnoses, delayed correct diagnoses, and the absence of a consistent, treatment plan contributed to widely disparate outcomes. Prompt, correct diagnosis and intensive care unit-based continuous benzodiazepine infusion with titration led to a controlled clinical situation and maximized patient outcomes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients going through withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen achieved best outcomes when treated with a continuous infusion and titration of an intravenous benzodiazepine. A well-defined treatment protocol employing this management, reporting serial outcomes, would enable further refinement of the treatment of this clinical problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"293-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592239/pdf/10.1177_87551225211039237.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39633880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}