Journal of Pharmacy Technology最新文献

{"title":"Utilizing Simulated Caregiver Scenarios to Cultivate Caregiver Perspectives and Empathy among Pharmacy Students within Ambulatory Care.","authors":"Bradley Phillips, Angelina Vascimini, Chris Egan, Jason Powell","doi":"10.1177/87551225251343557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251343557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To cultivate caregiver perspectives and empathy through computer-based simulations in the ambulatory care setting. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 46 third-year students were enrolled in the 2-week ambulatory care elective at the University of Florida College of Pharmacy. Students were assigned 5 computer-based simulated scenarios, each created to encompass elements regarding social determinants of health from a caregiver perspective. After each scenario, students were required to complete a post scenario assessment where students were tasked with reporting their emotional response by providing 3 adjectives upon completion. After completing all caregiver scenarios, students completed a postsimulation reflection connecting their experience with caring for their future ambulatory care patients. Both individual and final reflections were analyzed and assigned to the themes of emotional strife, compassion/understanding, self-reflection, resilience, and/or other to determine proportion of identified themes. <b>Results:</b> For the individual caregiver scenarios, the most identified theme was emotional strife amongst all scenarios (45%-68%). Regarding the final reflection, most of the theme identified were compassion/understanding (46%) followed by self-reflection (29%). Emotional strife was the least identified theme in the final reflection (7%). <b>Conclusion:</b> After students completed all the caregiver scenarios, students reported higher levels of compassion/understanding and self-reflection when compared with other identified themes. Through this computer-based simulation, students gained a better understanding and empathy toward the caregiver perspective when faced with common health care disparities in an ambulatory care patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251343557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Dosing of Heparin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Neurocritical Care Patients at High Risk of Bleeding: Report on a Quality Improvement Initiative.","authors":"Sahil Kapoor, Nick Scaturo, Garrett Thompson, Benji Small, Christopher R Newey, Shayn Martin, Peter Miller, Aarti Sarwal","doi":"10.1177/87551225251343558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251343558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Heparin infusions are used to treat and prevent thromboembolic complications in neurocritical care, but optimal dosing in patients with acute intracranial pathology or recent neurosurgery is uncertain, due to elevated risk of hemorrhage. Many institutions customize heparin nomograms for such patients but fail to methodically evaluate their effectiveness. <b>Context</b>: Neurocritical care unit in an academic medical center in the United States. <b>Problem:</b> Several incidents of heparin infusions failing to reach their partial thromboplastin time (PTT) goal within 24 hours of initiation occurred. This created a concern that existing heparin dosing protocol should be adjusted to attain goal PTT more rapidly to better treat thrombotic events. <b>Objective:</b> To reduce time to therapeutic effectiveness of weight-based heparin in neurocritical care patients at high risk of bleeding. <b>Study Design:</b> Quality improvement initiative, comparing data from a retrospective chart review (historical comparison cohort) and a prospective observational quality improvement initiative (QI cohort). <b>Patients:</b> Adult patients with acute intracranial pathology and acute indications for therapeutic anticoagulation but considered at high risk of intracranial hemorrhage. <b>Interventions:</b> Increase heparin dosing nomogram from 12 units/kg/h (historical cohort) to 18 units/kg/h (quality improvement cohort), without an initial bolus in either. <b>Measurements:</b> Primary endpoint was time to therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in hours, assessed with a Kaplan-Meier curve. Any known bleeding or thrombotic complications were recorded. <b>Results</b>: Time to reach therapeutic target aPTT was shorter in quality improvement cohort than in historical cohort (see Figure 1 in full text for details). Bleeding complications occurred in 3 of 21 patients in each cohort. <b>Conclusions:</b> Quality improvement initiatives such as this can make documented improvements in health care provided to neurocritical care patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251343558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA) Exposures Following Recent Demand for Weight Management: A Retrospective Review of California Poison Control System Data.","authors":"Raymond Y Ho, Hsiaoting Regelman, Anita Ma, Shu Yi Lee, Saveena Sandhu, Sarah Shapiro, Justin Lewis, Ben Tsutaoka, Dorie E Apollonio","doi":"10.1177/87551225251332212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251332212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Calls to poison centers involving exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have increased. Data from a statewide poison control system from 2017 to 2023 was analyzed to assess changes in GLP-1 RA exposure frequencies and reported clinical effects. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective records review of all human exposure cases to GLP-1 RA reported to a statewide poison center from December 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023. Collected data were entered into REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). Changes in exposure frequency over time assessed with interrupted time series analysis (ITSA); the intervention was FDA approval of semaglutide (Wegovy) for chronic weight management in June 2021. Statistical analyses completed using Stata v17 or OpenEpi (v3.01). <b>Results:</b> One thousand forty-seven cases were included. Interrupted time series analysis identified an increase in reported GLP-1 RA exposures of 1.16 per month ([CI = 0.570, 1.802]; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and an increase in hospital utilization from exposures of 0.351 per month ([CI = 0.159, 0.544]; <i>P</i> = 0.001) following Wegovy approval. Common adverse effects were nausea (n = 295, 28.0%), vomiting (n = 267, 25.5%), dizziness (n = 63, 6.0%), abdominal pain (n = 54, 5.1%), and other gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 60, 5.7%). Most cases were managed at home (n = 696, 66.5%). Two hundred twenty (21.0%) patients were treated in the emergency department, and 46 (4.4%) were admitted. The most common reason for exposure was unintentional therapeutic error (n = 838, 80.0%). Five major (0.5%) and 72 moderate (6.9%) medical outcomes were reported. Hypoglycemia occurred in 40 (3.8%) patients. Thirty-six exposures involving compounded GLP-1 RA were identified; administration errors were the main reason for exposures among this subgroup (n = 33, 91.7%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exposures and hospital utilization after exposure increased following Wegovy approval for weight management. Hypoglycemia, while infrequent, was reported; nondiabetic patients using GLP-1 RA should be educated on recognizing hypoglycemia. Additional patient education on GLP-1 RA administration and further study on the impact of compounded GLP-1 RA products are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251332212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eligibility for Intramuscular Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in HIV-Positive Patients: An Observational Study.","authors":"Gabriel Martínez-Orea, Francisco José Rodríguez-Lucena, Francisca Fuentes-Hidalgo, José Manuel Del-Moral-Sánchez, Agustina Ruiz-Gómez, Elena Arroyo-Domingo","doi":"10.1177/87551225251333698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251333698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> HIV treatment has advanced significantly with the introduction of simpler antiretroviral regimens, but adherence remains a challenge. In this context, the long-acting injectable combination cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) emerges as a promising alternative to improve adherence and quality of life for patients. <b>Objective</b>: The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who meet the criteria for the use of intramuscular CAB/RPV. <b>Methods</b>: A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with HIV-1 receiving ART at a Spanish hospital. Adult patients with at least 6 months of stable ART and a viral load result in the previous 12 months were included. Pregnant women, patients with less than 6 months of ART, or those without a recent viral load were excluded. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients meeting the criteria for intramuscular CAB/RPV: undetectable viral load, stable ART, adherence >90%, no resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)/integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), no enzyme inducers, no anticoagulants, and no hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We also measure the risk of virological failure. Costs and treatment complexity were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: A total of 194 patients were included. In total, 68% met the criteria for intramuscular CAB/RPV. The main reasons for ineligibility were a recent ART switch (16%) and lack of adherence (11.3%). The mean annual incremental cost per patient when switching to CAB/RPV was €651.51. <b>Conclusion and Relevance</b>: A considerable proportion of patients with HIV meet the criteria for intramuscular CAB/RPV. However, lack of adherence and the costs associated with intramuscular therapy represent barriers to its implementation. Strategies to improve adherence and cost-effectiveness studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251333698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvage Therapy With a Triple Combination of Daptomycin, Carbapenem, and Oxazolidinone in Patients With Persistent MRSA Bacteremia of Cardiovascular Focus: A Case Series.","authors":"Kotaro Mitsutake, Natsuki Shinya, Haruka Karaushi, Masafumi Seki","doi":"10.1177/87551225251335178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251335178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251335178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Enoxaparin Dosing and Anti-Xa Levels in Medicine Patients With Obesity.","authors":"Wint War Phyo, Karishma Deodhar, Amy Chang, Mary Blair, Allison N Boyd, Christopher Geik","doi":"10.1177/87551225251328255","DOIUrl":"10.1177/87551225251328255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Previous studies have shown that the manufacturer's standard fixed dosing of enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis leads to sub-prophylactic anti-Xa levels in medicine patients with obesity. Yet, there is limited literature describing higher dosing strategies in this patient population, and an optimal dosing regimen has not been well-established. <b>Objective:</b> The primary objective was to evaluate mean doses (mg/kg/d) of prophylactic enoxaparin that are associated with goal anti-Xa levels in medicine patients with obesity across 3 body mass index (BMI) groups (40-49 kg/m², 50-59 kg/m², ≥60 kg/m²). <b>Methods:</b> This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients (age ≥18 years) with BMI ≥40 kg/m² admitted to a medicine team with at least 1 appropriately drawn anti-Xa level between January 2018 and July 2023. The institution's goal anti-Xa level for VTE prophylaxis was 0.2 to 0.4 units/mL. The primary outcome was the comparison of mean dose between those within anti-Xa at goal and not at goal. Secondary outcomes included the percentages of initial anti-Xa levels below, within, or above goal range and the incidence of new VTE and major bleeding events during hospitalization while on enoxaparin. All outcomes were stratified into 3 BMI groups: 40-49 kg/m², 50-59 kg/m², and ≥60 kg/m². <b>Results:</b> Median dose of those with final anti-Xa level at goal was significantly higher than that of those not in goal anti-Xa range across all 3 BMI groups (0.57 vs 0.50 mg/kg/d; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The majority of the initial anti-Xa levels were subprophylactic, with only 35.7% of patients (or 75 of 210 patients) had initial anti-Xa within the goal range. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of blood transfusions or VTE events between the groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> Findings suggest that medicine patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m² may require enoxaparin doses higher than 0.5 mg/kg/d to reach goal prophylactic anti-Xa level. However, more robust data are necessary to further validate these results and the clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251328255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hybrid Care in Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Clinics on Hemoglobin A1c.","authors":"Ashley E Smith, Jacqueline Burke, Devan Hawkins, Kathy Zaiken, Ewan McNicol","doi":"10.1177/87551225251325481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/87551225251325481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many clinical practices shifted to using virtual platforms to care for patients. After in-person visits resumed, many patients continued to participate in virtual care. <b>Objective:</b> This study evaluated the impact of hybrid care (virtual and in-person visits) on diabetes control in patients seen by clinical pharmacists operating under collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective chart review was completed for adult (18+) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) managed under CDTM protocols in clinical pharmacy ambulatory care clinics. Patients were included if they were discharged between January 2018 to December 2019 (pre-video) or January 2022 to December 2023 (post-video) and had documented baseline and post-intervention hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) values. <b>Results:</b> Of the 528 patients that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 290 were in the pre-video group and 238 were in the post-video group. There was a non-statistically significant trend toward a greater average decline in HgbA1c in the post-video period (-1.7) compared with the pre-video period (-1.5) (<i>P</i> = 0.239). Secondary outcomes showed the percentage of no-show appointments to be less in the post-video group (7.1 vs 5.2; <i>P</i> = 0.0178) and the mean number of visits to be similar (6.4 vs 6.3; <i>P</i> = 0.5753). <b>Conclusions:</b> A hybrid visit-type model that incorporates video appointments into clinical pharmacy practice provided similar outcomes to traditional in-office/telephone visits. These results demonstrate the importance of ambulatory care pharmacists continuing to offer virtual visit types despite no longer being in a state of emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251325481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Instructions and Counseling for Naloxone Insufficient in the Era of Xylazine and Medetomidine Adulteration of Illicit Opioids.","authors":"Priya Datta, Kristin Waters, C Michael White","doi":"10.1177/87551225251326811","DOIUrl":"10.1177/87551225251326811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251326811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Safety and Effectiveness of Apixaban Lead-In Dosing Strategies in Hospitalized Adults With Venous Thromboembolism.","authors":"Juliana Spencer, Tanner Buchanan, Samantha Heacock, Kevin Heacock, Lillian Brennan, Raquel Jones, David Hutchinson, Jennifer Radcliffe","doi":"10.1177/87551225251326436","DOIUrl":"10.1177/87551225251326436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Clinicians often use parenteral lead-in regimens prior to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients due to shorter half-life and the ability to use laboratory monitoring. <b>Objective:</b> This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of different apixaban lead-in durations for hospitalized adults with newly diagnosed VTE. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective review of patients with one of the following lead-in regimens: (1) parenteral anticoagulation ≥ 48 hours with abbreviated course of apixaban lead-in, (2) parenteral anticoagulation ≥ 48 hours with full apixaban lead-in, or (3) no parenteral anticoagulation with full apixaban lead-in. All followed by maintenance apixaban for at least 6 months. Primary outcomes were incidences of recurrent VTE (rVTE) or bleeding events, in accordance with International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) definitions, within 6 months of the index visit. Data are presented descriptively and univariate analyses between groups performed. <b>Results:</b> Sixty-eight patients were included; rVTE (all deep vein thrombosis (DVT)) occurred in 2 patients (2.9%) and bleeding events (all clinically relevant non-major bleeding) occurred in 3 patients (4.4%) overall. There were no differences between groups; one patient in the parenteral group had full lead-in and one patient in the full-lead apixaban group had rVTE. One patient in the parenteral with full lead-in and 2 patients in the full lead-in apixaban group had a bleeding event (<i>P</i> = 0.99). Mean time to rVTE or bleeding event was 46 and 158 days, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Similar safety and effectiveness were noted between the 3 apixaban lead-in regimens. These findings suggest that all 3 regimens provide similar outcomes, warranting further investigation to optimize lead-in strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251326436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Adverse Effects and Misuse of Zolpidem.","authors":"Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol, Francieli Cipriano Felippe, Bruna Camargo, Beatriz Schuelter Trevisol, Leonan José Raimundo, Daisson José Trevisol","doi":"10.1177/87551225251324856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251324856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Zolpidem is a widely prescribed medication for treating insomnia due to its effectiveness as a sedative-hypnotic. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of potential adverse effects associated with the use and misuse of zolpidem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study. Participants were selected from consumers who had purchased zolpidem in a commercial pharmacy in Brazil and submitted an interviewed. Descriptive analysis was used to present the results. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare adverse reactions to zolpidem with categorical variables, and Student's t-tests were used to compare means. The significance level adopted was 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 65 participants, with a mean age of 52.7 years, 76.9% of whom were women. Of the total sample, 69.2% used zolpidem for the treatment of long-term insomnia, and 77.4% used it continuously. Among the interviewees, 55.4% reported experiencing adverse reactions, with amnesia, insomnia, and sleepwalking being the most reported. A statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of adverse reactions and continuous use (<i>P</i> value = 0.048), as well as among those with lower mean age (<i>P</i> value = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite being a prescription-controlled medication, zolpidem was used excessively and inappropriately in the studied sample. Given the high prevalence of adverse effects identified in this study, the risk/benefit ratio of pharmacological treatments for insomnia warrants careful evaluation during prescription and dispensing. Incidence of adverse effects and misuse of zolpidem.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":" ","pages":"87551225251324856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}