Journal of Pharmacy Technology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Pharmacists' Views and Barriers to Providing and Billing for Pharmacist-Provided Health Care Services.","authors":"Michael A Biddle,&nbsp;Kailyn K Cleveland,&nbsp;Shanna K O'Connor,&nbsp;Hayli Hruza,&nbsp;Madeline Foster,&nbsp;Elaine Nguyen,&nbsp;Renee Robinson,&nbsp;Thomas Wadsworth","doi":"10.1177/87551225211021187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211021187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The role of Idaho and Alaska pharmacists in providing health care services has steadily broadened over recent years. With many new pharmacist-provided health care service possibilities, this study assessed the impact of these advancements on community pharmacies. <b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study was to identify current pharmacist-provided health care services and pharmacist-perceived barriers to providing and billing for these services in Idaho and Alaska community pharmacies. <b>Methods:</b> A questionnaire was developed focusing on 2 areas: providing services and billing for services. Pharmacy students on experiential rotations administered the questionnaires to pharmacists at their rotation sites. Pharmacists at community pharmacy practice sites in Idaho and Alaska completed the questionnaire in an interview format conducted by students. Likert-type scale data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Because the study did not include a comparator group, no power calculation was conducted. All open-response answers were analyzed independently by 2 researchers and discrepancies in coding open-ended questions were resolved by discussion with a group of 4 researchers. <b>Results:</b> Most pharmacists reported that they already provide non-dispensing services, desired to implement new services, and had confidence in their team's ability to handle new services. Time and resources were the most cited barriers to providing new services; compensation, company support, and education were the most cited barriers to billing for services. <b>Conclusions:</b> Community pharmacists already provide non-dispensing services and many are looking to provide more services, but barriers of time, resources, compensation, company support, and education will need to be overcome to move forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 4","pages":"186-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211021187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections of pharmacy students on experiential education in providing health services to people with history of substance use disorders in Malaysia","authors":"Nor Hidayah Mohd Taufek, Syafiqah Nadiah Halimi, Norny Syafinaz Ab Rahman, C. S. Zin, C. J. Turner","doi":"10.31436/JOP.V1I2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/JOP.V1I2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Accreditation standards for pharmacy students’ education include the requirement for experiential education (EE) and acknowledge, in building life-long learning skills, the need to develop students’ skills in analysing their practice-based performance. The goal of this qualitative study was to assess students’ ability to reflect on their experience providing face-to-face care to patients with a history of substance use disorders (PHSUDs).\u0000Materials and methods: Interviews were conducted with undergraduate pharmacy students who provided care to PHSUDs in an EE programme. An interview guide was used to explore students’ experiences and their perceptions regarding the challenges they encountered, changes in their attitude towards PHSUDs and ways to improve their ability to care for PHSUDs. Data relevant to the study was extracted from interview transcripts, manually sorted and coded using Microsoft Excel and subjected to thematic analysis. \u0000Results: The themes identified were 1) Increased self-confidence in face-to-face interactions with PHSUDs 2) Increased empathy towards PHSUDS 3) Reduction in stigmatised attitudes towards PHSUDs 4) Positive nature of the interactions with PHSUDs 5) Appreciation for the opportunity to apply knowledge in practice 6) Recognition of the need for improved communication skill training 7) Recognition of the need to improve training for dealing with unexpected questions and situations.\u0000Conclusion: Pharmacy students demonstrated reflective skills in identifying multiple positive learning outcomes stemming from a one-day EE programme involving PHSUDs. In addition, they provided insights useful to faculty in curriculum planning.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72466525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception towards Insulin Therapy and Factors Related to Insulin Refusal among Insulin Naive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Primary Care Clinics PKD Lipis","authors":"N. Zakaria, Narasimman Baskaran, Wan Lin Lim","doi":"10.31436/JOP.V1I2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/JOP.V1I2.52","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Insulin is one of the suggested treatments to prevent and reduce long-term diabetes complications. However, due to many factors such as socio-demographic factors, many Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients refuse this treatment. This study aimed to determine perception towards insulin among naive Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, to calculate the prevalence of rejecting insulin therapy, and to find out factors related to the refusal.\u0000Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 188 insulin naive Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending five primary health clinics in Lipis district, Pahang from October to November 2017. A five-point Likert Scale was used to determine perception towards insulin therapy and the Chi-square test was used to assess the proportion of acceptance of the therapy. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were utilised to study the associated factor(s).\u0000Results: Mean score of 60.5 ± 8.2 pointed towards a negative appraisal of insulin therapy. Embarrassment to inject in public (69.1%) and concern of frequent hypoglycaemia (52.7%) were the most common perception. Nearly half of the respondents (46.3%) refused insulin therapy upon suggestion. After adjusting the variables using multiple logistic regressions, only gender (Adjusted OR=0.20, 95% CI=0.10-0.40, p<0.001), educational level (Adjusted OR=0.17, 95% CI=0.06-0.50, p=0.001), age (Adjusted OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.08, p=0.012) and glycated haemoglobin level (Adjusted OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.07-1.67, p=0.013) remained significant.\u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, insulin refusal among insulin naive patients was common in Lipis with an overall negative perception towards therapy. By tailoring strategies according to the patient’s factors such as gender, educational level, age, and glycated haemoglobin level, the insulin refusal rate might decrease in the future.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74719166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroids in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review of Current Literature.","authors":"Lindsay K Harris,&nbsp;Andrew J Crannage","doi":"10.1177/8755122521995587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122521995587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To review the evidence and recommendations for the use of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). <b>Data Sources:</b> A literature search was conducted using PubMed (1993 to November 2020) using the search terms <i>corticosteroids</i> AND <i>community-acquired pneumonia</i>. <b>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</b> Pertinent randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses assessing the efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in patients with pneumonia were evaluated for inclusion. <b>Data Synthesis:</b> Studies suggest that corticosteroids reduce time to clinical stability and length of hospital stay, but data regarding other important clinical outcomes, such as mortality, are limited. The greatest margin of benefit appears to be in patients with severe CAP. Evidence consistently demonstrates hyperglycemia as the most common adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy in CAP. Safety concerns regarding the potential impact of corticosteroids on the rate of CAP-related rehospitalizations require further investigation. <b>Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:</b> This review summarizes literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in patients with CAP. It also includes a discussion on current guideline recommendations, patient selection, corticosteroid regimens, adverse effect considerations, limitations, and future directions in this area of research. <b>Conclusions:</b> Studies reviewed suggest that corticosteroids are relatively beneficial and safe in patients with CAP, with the greatest benefit in severe CAP. Currently, the routine use of corticosteroids is not recommended by clinical practice guidelines with the exception of CAP and refractory septic shock. Further research is needed to better define the ideal role of corticosteroids in CAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8755122521995587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39870188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban Use in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Armaghan Amani,&nbsp;Caitlin M Fellers,&nbsp;Antoinette Eyebe,&nbsp;Alyssa Hall,&nbsp;Meredith L Howard","doi":"10.1177/8755122520988728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520988728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To review the safety and efficacy of apixaban for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). <b>Data Sources:</b> A PubMed and MEDLINE search was conducted through December 2020 using the following keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms alone or in various combinations: apixaban, peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, end-stage renal disease, and hemodialysis. <b>Study Selection and Data Extraction</b>: English-language studies evaluating clinical outcomes pertaining to the use of apixaban in end stage renal disease (ESRD), which included patients receiving peritoneal dialysis were eligible for inclusion. <b>Data Synthesis:</b> Four studies were identified that met inclusion for this review, all retrospective in nature. These studies compared the safety and efficacy of apixaban with standard therapy in ESRD included patients on dialysis, with a very limited number of subjects receiving PD. In these studies, apixaban was shown to be potentially safer and more effective than warfarin. Outcomes did not differentiate between patients receiving PD or not. <b>Conclusions:</b> Use of apixaban in patients receiving PD may be safe and effective based on data from limited patients. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban in the PD setting is an important question that clinicians should consider with use of this medication in the ESRD population. More studies focusing on the PD population are needed to better assess the use of apixaban in this understudied population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8755122520988728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could Digital Image Prescriptions Enhance Patient Care?","authors":"Alex Adams","doi":"10.1177/8755122520982286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520982286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"167-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8755122520982286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Addition of a Clinical Pharmacist Service to a Midlevel Provider-Driven Culture Follow-up Program in a Community Emergency Department.","authors":"Rebecca Ann Rainess,&nbsp;Vishal V Patel,&nbsp;Joseph Brian Cavanaugh,&nbsp;Jessica Hill","doi":"10.1177/87551225211000363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211000363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The impact that an antimicrobial stewardship program can have on an inpatient setting has been well documented, but there are limited data on the use of an antimicrobial stewardship program in the emergency department (ED). <b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adding a pharmacist service to a midlevel provider-driven culture follow-up program in the ED on achieving optimal therapy. <b>Methods:</b> This was a quasi-experimental study with designations of pre- and post-interventions conducted at a large community hospital with the pre-intervention phase occurring from June 1, 2019, to August 31, 2019, and the post-intervention phase occurring from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2020. The primary outcome was optimal antimicrobial therapy: a composite of optimal antibiotic, dose, and duration, prescribed after the culture resulted. Secondary outcomes included optimal antibiotic, dose, duration, and return to the ED within 30 days due to infection. <b>Results:</b> Optimal antimicrobial therapy received after the culture resulted occurred in 59 patients (26.81%) in the pre-implementation phase and 40 patients (43.96%) in the implementation phase (<i>P</i> = .003). For the secondary outcomes, optimal antibiotic choice occurred in 115 patients (52.27%) in the pre-implementation phase and 66 patients (72.53%) in the implementation phase (<i>P</i> = .001). Optimal antibiotic dose occurred in 113 patients (51.36%) in the pre-implementation phase and 65 patients (71.43%) in the implementation phase (<i>P</i> = .001). Optimal antibiotic duration occurred in 65 patients (29.55%) in the pre-implementation phase and 40 patients (43.96%) in the implementation phase (<i>P</i> = .014). <b>Conclusions:</b> The addition of a clinical pharmacist service in a midlevel provider-driven ED culture callback program resulted in an increased rate of achieving optimal antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211000363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Suspected Case of Amoxicillin-Associated Aseptic Meningitis.","authors":"Charles D Ponte,&nbsp;Kendra Unger","doi":"10.1177/8755122520978403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520978403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"165-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8755122520978403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Drug Manufacturer as a Drug Information Resource.","authors":"Cambrey Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/87551225211005427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211005427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacists use a myriad of drug resources for patient care; however, the drug manufacturer is often overlooked and underutilized as a resource for drug information. Pharmaceutical companies have a medical information department that is responsible for providing drug information to pharmacists and the public about the company's products. This article will explain the purpose and functions of the medical information department within a pharmaceutical company. In addition, the type of information that may be requested and the ways to request drug information will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211005427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39602953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Stability of the Electronic Sensor Component of a Digital Pill System in Real-World Storage Settings.","authors":"Peter R Chai,&nbsp;Georgia Goodman,&nbsp;Majo J Bustamante,&nbsp;Yassir Mohamed,&nbsp;Jose Castillo-Mancilla,&nbsp;Edward W Boyer,&nbsp;Kenneth H Mayer,&nbsp;Rochelle K Rosen,&nbsp;Susan L Baumgartner,&nbsp;Eric Buffkin,&nbsp;Conall O'Cleirigh","doi":"10.1177/8755122520985219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520985219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Digital pill systems comprise an ingestible sensor integrated into a gelatin capsule that overencapsulates medication allowing real-time measures of medication ingestion. These systems may improve the manner in which medication adherence can be assessed and supported. <b>Objective:</b> In this investigation, we tested the durability of the ingestible sensor as part of a clinical trial to measure the feasibility and acceptability of the system to measure adherence to once daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (NCT03842436). <b>Methods:</b> Digital pills not dispensed during the study were stored in a pharmacy. Seventeen sensors were selected from digital pills stored for at least 12 months and activated in a simulated gastric environment. A radiofrequency spectrum analyzer and the reader device used in the clinical trial to capture ingestion events were used to measure activation of emitters. A passing evaluation was defined as an energized emitter within 30 minutes of immersion, ability to broadcast a signal for 10 minutes, and successful acquisition by the reader. <b>Results:</b> All ingestible sensors passed the stability test. Mean activation time in simulated gastric fluid was 3.33 minutes (SD = 1.47); emitters remained active for a mean of 47.72 minutes (SD = 1.78). These parameters matched guidelines defined in the ID-Cap system requirements for use in patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ingestible sensor components of the ID-Cap system were therefore stable after long-term storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/8755122520985219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39870192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}