Journal of Pharmacy Technology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Pharmacist Involvement on the Utility of a Gram-Negative Blood Culture Identification Panel on Antimicrobial Usage.","authors":"Caitlin Bowman,&nbsp;Melissa Holloway,&nbsp;Lisa Scott,&nbsp;Carmen Russell,&nbsp;Sonia Lott,&nbsp;Raid Amin","doi":"10.1177/87551225211046627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211046627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> A rapid molecular diagnostic test (MDT) is a test used to identify several different species of gram-negative bacteria and their genetic resistance markers. However, the impact of rapid MDT has not been established when combined with pharmacist involvement. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the impact of pharmacy involvement on patient outcomes when using rapid MDT. The primary outcome is the time from gram stain result to the first dose of the targeted antibiotic. <b>Methods:</b> This is a single-center, quasi-experimental, 1-group pretest-posttest design study of patients with gram-negative bacteremia in a community hospital. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older were included if they had a gram-negative blood culture. Patients were excluded if they were discharged or expired prior to culture results. Outcomes were compared between patients prior to and after implementation of the automated MDT. This research was determined to be exempt from institutional review board oversight consistent with West Florida Healthcare and in accordance with institutional policy. <b>Results:</b> The use of rapid MDT combined with pharmacist intervention resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the time to targeted antibiotic therapy (pre-intervention group, n = 77, 44.8 ± 17.8 hours versus post-intervention group, n= 80, 4.4 ± 5.8 hours; <i>P</i> ≤.001). There was no significant difference found between secondary outcomes. Limitations included small sample size as well as inconsistent documentation. <b>Conclusions:</b> The use of rapid MDT combined with pharmacist intervention resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the time to targeted antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"304-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592237/pdf/10.1177_87551225211046627.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39634306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Pharmaceutical Care Program at Discharge on Patients at High Risk of Readmission According to the Hospital Score.","authors":"María Luisa Ibarra Mira,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Caro-Teller,&nbsp;Pedro Pablo Rodríguez Quesada,&nbsp;Carmen Garcia-Muñoz,&nbsp;Almudena Añino Alba,&nbsp;Jose Miguel Ferrari Piquero","doi":"10.1177/87551225211047607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211047607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> A significant percentage of hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge are a result of avoidable drug-related problems. Stratifying patients according to readmission risk is key to pharmaceutical intervention (PI) design strategies to improve treatment outcomes. <b>Objective:</b> To assess whether a pharmaceutical care (PC) program at discharge in polymedicated patients at high potentially avoidable readmission (PAR) risk, according to the HOSPITAL score, improves 30-day readmission rate (30-dRR). <b>Methods:</b> This prospective controlled, quasi-experimental, 11-month study included 163 chronic polymedicated patients (>5 medications) at high PAR risk according to the HOSPITAL score. We calculated the 30-dRR and number of medication variations and Medication Regimen Complexity Index-E (MRCI-E) after PI. Results were compared with a retrospective cohort of chronic patients at high PAR risk. <b>Results:</b> The 30-dRR was 18.4% in the intervention group and 25.6% in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.38 to 1.14). Total medication reduction (-1.28; 95% CI = -1.88 to -0.68), number of high-risk medications in chronic patients (-0.58; 95% CI = -0.9 to -0.26), and MRCI-E (-6.42; 95% CI = -8.07 to -4.76) were statistically significant (<i>P</i> < .001). The number of medications at discharge was associated with an increased readmission risk (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14). <b>Conclusions:</b> The degree of polypharmacy and patients' treatment complexity after hospital discharge significantly reduced as a result of the PC program compared with the control group. This highlights the need for patient selection and prioritization strategies for implementing PIs focused on reducing polypharmacy and preventing drug-related problems that may cause PAR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592243/pdf/10.1177_87551225211047607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39634307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Considerations in Response to \"Adjunctive Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Focused Literature Review\".","authors":"Rose Alwardi,&nbsp;Tony Rondinella,&nbsp;Andrea Quinn","doi":"10.1177/87551225211042957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211042957","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: It is crucial to consider all limitations demonstrated throughout previous trials in order to develop clinically reliable recommendations from published evidence. Murphy et al summarized 3 main limitations of inconsistency with use of phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal: inconsistent dosing strategies, varying primary outcomes, and nonstandardized utilization of assessment scales.1-3 A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at our organization, a 425-bed nonteaching community hospital, with intent to evaluate the adjunctive use of phenobarbital in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Patients admitted from August to December of 2020 were divided 1:1 based on receipt of phenobarbital in addition to a Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA)-driven benzodiazepine protocol versus a CIWA-driven benzodiazepine protocol alone. The primary endpoint was total length of hospital stay with secondary endpoints assessing total intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, total dosage of benzodiazepine (based on diazepam equivalents), and total dosage of phenobarbital utilization during admission. A total of 60 patients were included in the analysis with 30 in each group. Patients were well matched in terms of history of withdrawal seizures and liver disease. The phenobarbital group had a higher total CIWA score compared with the cohort group (289.8 vs 124.6), suggestive of more severely presenting alcoholics in the former group. Patients in the phenobarbital group had an increased length of hospital stay compared with the cohort group (4.3 vs 2.4 days). Patients receiving phenobarbital also had a prolonged ICU length of stay (3.58 vs 0.27 days) and required higher total benzodiazepine utilization (194.5 vs 79.9 mg). On further investigation, there was a disproportionate amount of patients admitted to the ICU in the phenobarbital group compared with the cohort (20/30 vs 3/30 patients). Average phenobarbital daily dose was approximately half of that reported in previous studies at 57.8 mg/ day.4,5 Patients presenting with more severe withdrawal were more likely to receive phenobarbital, making it difficult to assess the true impact of therapy due to selection bias. Eighty percent of phenobarbital orders were made by one specific provider introducing prescriber bias as another potential limitation. Universally similar to previous studies assessing phenobarbital in AWS, there was no consistent dose or protocol utilized at our organization. Although our small study did not suggest clinical benefit with adjunctive phenobarbital utilization, commonality with other studies is found in the limitations and biases. Considering the amount of positive data present, phenobarbital likely has a place in AWS therapy. Recommendations for when, how, and in whom to initiate phenobarbital relies on consistent and repeatable protocolized evaluations.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"320-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592240/pdf/10.1177_87551225211042957.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39634309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Drug Information Services to Asynchronous Delivery of Pharmacist eConsults.","authors":"Valerie Clinard,&nbsp;Marilyn Stebbins,&nbsp;Shalini Lynch","doi":"10.1177/87551225211049470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211049470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug information (DI) services provided an avenue to expand the role of pharmacists as the medication experts. The focus of DI has shifted from general questions submitted to DI centers to patient-specific questions that optimize care. One method to increase access to pharmacist expertise is through pharmacy eConsults. Pharmacy eConsults provide specialist care for medically complex patients using a patient-centered, asynchronous approach. The purpose of this article is to describe the evolution of consults from formal drug information services and describe one academic medical center's implementation of a pharmacy eConsult service to provide patient-specific DI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"316-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592238/pdf/10.1177_87551225211049470.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39634308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline and Pronounced Regional Disparities in Medical Cocaine Usage in the United States.","authors":"Youngeun C Armbuster,&nbsp;Brian N Banas,&nbsp;Kristen D Feickert,&nbsp;Stephanie E England,&nbsp;Erik J Moyer,&nbsp;Emily L Christie,&nbsp;Sana Chughtai,&nbsp;Tanya J Giuliani,&nbsp;Rolf U Halden,&nbsp;Jove H Graham,&nbsp;Kenneth L McCall,&nbsp;Brian J Piper","doi":"10.1177/87551225211035563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211035563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cocaine is a stimulant and Schedule II drug used as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor. <b>Objective:</b> This descriptive study characterized medical cocaine use in the United States. <b>Methods:</b> Retail drug distribution data from 2002 to 2017 were extracted for each state from the Drug Enforcement Administration, which reports on medical, research, and analytical chemistry use. The percentage of buyers (pharmacies, hospitals, and providers) was obtained. Use per state, corrected for population, was determined. Available cross-sectional data on cocaine use as reported by the Medicare and Medicaid programs for 2013-2017 and electronic medical records were examined. <b>Results:</b> Medical cocaine use decreased by -62.5% from 2002 to 2017. Hospitals accounted for 84.9% and practitioners for 9.9% of cocaine distribution in 2017. The number of pharmacies carrying cocaine dropped by -69.4%. The percentages of hospitals, practitioners, and pharmacies that carried cocaine in 2017 were 38.4%, 2.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. There was a 7-fold difference in 2002 (South Dakota, 76.1 mg/100 persons; Delaware, 10.1 mg/100 persons). Relative to the average state in 2017, those reporting the highest values (Montana, 20.1; North Dakota, 24.1 mg/100 persons) were significantly elevated. Cocaine use within the Medicare and Medicaid programs was negligible. Cocaine use within the Geisinger system was rare from 2002 to 2007 (<4 orders/100 000 patients per year) but increased to 48.7 in 2018. <b>Conclusion and Relevance:</b> If these pharmacoepidemiological patterns continue, licit cocaine may soon become a historical relic. The pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics education of health care providers may need to be adjusted accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211035563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39633878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Initiation Regimen of Warfarin for International Normalized Ratio Target 2.0 to 3.0.","authors":"Sahimi Mohamed,&nbsp;Chan Mei Fong,&nbsp;Yew Jie Ming,&nbsp;Ahlam Naila Kori,&nbsp;Sopian Abdul Wahab,&nbsp;Zarina Mohd Ali","doi":"10.1177/87551225211034175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211034175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> he number of patients on warfarin therapy is rising steadily. Although warfarin is beneficial, it carries a high risk of bleeding, especially if the international normalized ratio (INR) values exceed 3.0. Currently, no warfarin initiation regimens have been developed for the Asian population, especially for Malaysians. <b>Objective:</b> This article describes the efficacy and safety of a new initiation regimen for warfarin among warfarin-naive patients. <b>Method:</b> Data were retrospectively collected from the ambulatory and inpatient settings. <b>Results:</b> A total of 165 patients who each had a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 were included in the study. The mean age was 57.2 years and 94 patients were male. A total of 108 patients used Regimen 1 (5 mg/5 mg/3mg) and the rest of the patients used Regimen 2 (5 mg/3 mg/3 mg). Most patients used warfarin either for atrial fibrillation (52.1%) or for venous thromboembolism (29.7%). Overall, 88 of the patients had INR values above 50% from the baseline on Day 4. Additionally, 13 patients had INR values of >3.2, which required withholding and lower dose of warfarin. The predicted weekly maintenance warfarin dose (23 ± 0.5 mg/week) was found to have correlated closely with the actual maintenance dose (22.8 ± 0.5 mg/week; <i>r</i> ² = 0.75). Nearly two thirds (70.3%) of the patients achieved the target INR on Day 11. <b>Conclusion:</b> The warfarin initiation regimens in this study was simple, safe, and suitable to be used in both ambulatory and inpatient settings for managing warfarin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":"286-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592241/pdf/10.1177_87551225211034175.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39633879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of Sterile Compounding Knowledge Among Pharmacy Technicians.","authors":"Jameda Davis,&nbsp;Candace Ayars","doi":"10.1177/87551225211032395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211032395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Patient safety is in jeopardy due to a rise in the preparation of adulterated parenteral products with poor technique identified as a significant contributing factor. Pharmacy technicians perform an overwhelming majority of aseptic compounding practices; however, this group's progressive loss of aseptic technique knowledge has not been documented. <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this correlational research study was to investigate the association between sterile compounding knowledge and years in the field controlling for formal training in sterile compounding techniques. <b>Methods:</b> An assessment tool of fundamental sterile compounding content was electronically distributed to sterile compounding technician members of pharmacy organizations in the southeastern United States. A multiple regression was conducted to predict sterile compounding knowledge from number of years in the field and prior years of formal compounding training. <b>Results:</b> Sixty-eight assessments were returned complete. The overall model was significant (<i>P</i> < .0005), explaining 22% of the variance in knowledge retention. Years in the field was the only significant predictor (<i>P</i> < .001). Each additional year of work experience was associated with a 0.18 drop in the assessment score. <b>Conclusions:</b> The longer pharmacy technicians remain in the field, the more aseptic technique knowledge they will lose. Modeling of poor sterile compounding techniques in the workplace may promote loss of competency of the skill. As a result, a plan to address continuing education for pharmacy technician sterile compounders is necessary to ensure patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 5","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211032395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Protocolized Pharmacist Intervention on Critical Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Values With Heparin Infusions.","authors":"Rachelle Barry,&nbsp;Craig A Stevens,&nbsp;Trina Huynh,&nbsp;Dmitri Lerner","doi":"10.1177/87551225211031923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211031923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions are commonly managed with nurse-driven nomograms titrated to activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In some patients, anti-Xa values may be more appropriate measures of anticoagulation. At the present institution, an update to the nurse-driven aPTT nomogram requires pharmacist notification and clinical assessment for critically supratherapeutic aPTT results. <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the nomogram update. <b>Methods:</b> A single-center, retrospective, pre-post analysis was conducted in patients treated with UFH who experienced a critical aPTT during the 6 months preceding and following the nomogram update. Patients with erroneous critical aPTT results were excluded. The primary endpoint was the time in therapeutic range (Rosendaal method) from the first critical aPTT until UFH discontinuation. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients transitioned to anti-Xa monitoring and the incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2, 3, 5 bleeding. Data were analyzed by the χ² test. The study was institutional review board approved. <b>Results:</b> Of 277 UFH infusions, 142 belonged to the pre-implementation group and 135 to the post-implementation group. Baseline aPTTs were similar between the 2 groups. Time in therapeutic range was 58.1% versus 62.4% of between groups (<i>P</i> = .467). UFH was transitioned to pharmacist-driven anti-Xa monitoring in 16.2% versus 40.3% of patients (<i>P</i> < .001). BARC 2, 3, 5 bleeding occurred in 23.2% versus 13.4% of patients (<i>P</i> < .001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Application of these data suggest improved safety and efficacy outcomes with directed pharmacist management of UFH in patients with critically elevated aPTTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 5","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211031923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39709896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lasmiditan: Acute Migraine Treatment Without Vasoconstriction. A Review.","authors":"Juliana K Beauchene,&nbsp;Terri L Levien","doi":"10.1177/87551225211024630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211024630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To review the efficacy and safety of the newly Food and Drug Administration approved drug lasmiditan, and its place in therapy in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. <b>Data Sources:</b> A literature search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar was preformed (September 1999 to May 2021) using the following search terms: <i>acute migraine treatment, triptans, lasmiditan, Reyvow, Rimegepant, Nurtec, Ubrogepant, Ubrelvy, migraine, vasoconstriction</i>, and <i>cardiovascular risk</i>. Product labeling, https://www.clinicaltriasl.gov, and product monographs were also reviewed. <b>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</b> Relevant English-language studies were considered. <b>Data Synthesis:</b> Lasmiditan is the first in its class approved for acute migraine treatment. Lasmiditan exerts its therapeutic effect through agonism at the 5-HT_1F receptor, which has been shown to produce no vasoconstriction in preclinical models. <b>Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:</b> It is both scientifically and clinically relevant to review lasmiditan and determine the value of an acute migraine drug that does not induce vasoconstriction. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions for which current migraine therapy is contraindicated may benefit from therapeutic use of lasmiditan. However, the potential cardiovascular benefit needs to be weighed against the increased central nervous system risks observed with lasmiditan. <b>Conclusions:</b> Lasmiditan is an oral tablet drug that is used for acute migraine abortive treatment and data suggest that it does not induce vasoconstriction, a common side effect often observed with the current first-line abortive migraine treatment drug class, triptans. This is especially important in acute migraine patients with cardiovascular risk factors in which triptan use is contraindicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 5","pages":"244-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211024630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on KAP of Nebulization Therapy at Home.","authors":"Shalini Sivadasan,&nbsp;Akshaya Krishnan,&nbsp;Sathish Venkatasamy Dhayalan,&nbsp;Rajasekaran Aiyalu","doi":"10.1177/87551225211031331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225211031331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Inhalation is the preferred method of delivering medication for respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory disease. A nebulizer converts a medication in liquid form to mist, so that the medication can be inhaled into the lungs. The aim of the study is to systematically review the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients using nebulization therapy at home. The objective of the study is to review the procedure of nebulizer technique and to interpret the outcome of the studies. <b>Method:</b> Scopus, PubMed, <i>BMJ</i>, and other database from 2000 to 2020 were searched using Boolean operators. Title and abstract were screened for nebulizer technology and for inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full text screening 16 articles were included in the study. <b>Result:</b> Use of nebulizer at home was a challenge at all stages including setting up and operating nebulizer, filling up of medication, inhalation technique, end point dismantling, and maintenance. The main challenge experienced by the participants was with cleaning and disinfecting of nebulizer. There were studies that reported with 71.6% pathogen contamination due to inappropriate cleaning and disinfecting. <b>Conclusion:</b> Patients with respiratory disease using nebulizers at home find difficulty in appropriate and rational use of the device. Apart from the nebulizer user guidelines from the manufactures, it is suggested that a short audio visual demonstrating the appropriate and effective use of nebulizers and also its maintenance in their colloquial language with handout infographics would highly facilitate the effective use of nebulizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"37 5","pages":"254-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/87551225211031331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}