Journal of Pharmacy Technology最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Face-to-Face Pharmacist Transitional Care Management Visits on Medication-Related Problems","authors":"Bianca Mayzel, Sandra S. Axtell, Carolyn M. Richardson, N. Link","doi":"10.1177/8755122520905582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520905582","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies are needed to evaluate medication-related problems (MRPs) to assess the effect of a pharmacist on managing medications postdischarge. Objective: To assess the ability of pharmacist-led medication review and reconciliation to reduce the number of MRPs found in transitional care medicine (TCM) visits, leading to medication optimization. Methods: This study involved a retrospective chart review of standard TCM procedure at a family/internal medicine clinic and a prospective, team-based TCM visit in the same clinic. Inclusion criteria included patients discharged from any hospital within our institution and seen in the clinic. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of MRPs found between the prospective and retrospective groups. Secondary outcomes included the number and specific type of MRPs found, classified by the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe tool, and further subdivided by patient aware or unaware of MRP, only in the prospective group, as well as 30-day readmission rate. Results: Patients in the prospective group (n = 50) had an average age of 67.9 years versus 65.5 years in the retrospective group (n = 50). Four times as many patients in the prospective group were found to have MRPs than the retrospective group. The most common MRP was due to a patient-related factor, meaning the cause is related to a patient’s behavior. Patients were unaware of the MRP in a majority of these cases. Thirty-day readmission rate did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Team-based TCM visits that included a pharmacist-led medication reconciliation uncovered more MRPs than patients who did not have a pharmacist perform a medication reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"64 1","pages":"101 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84149533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/8755122519891261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122519891261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"43 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73768465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"Ahmet Emre Eyler, Rachel F. Faley, Jan M. Kim, Myeong Gyu Knockel, Brooke Stultz, Jeremy Swanson, Joseph M. Takieddine, S. Tanoshima, Reo Tawil, Samah Terrell, Jamie M. Thiboutot","doi":"10.1177/8755122518814935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122518814935","url":null,"abstract":"Abeyta, Agnieszka Ackerbauer, Kimberly Adams, Alex Adeola, Mobolaji Akers, Julie Alalawi, Mai Allen, Bryan Alvarez-Risco, Aldo Anders, Stephanie Anderson, Shawn D. Asal, Nicole Bain, Kevin Baker, Michelle Bandy, Veronica T. Barenholtz Levy, Hedva Barros, Michael C. Bishop, Bryan Black, Robin Boisvert, Louis Bright, David Brown, Jacob Bruce, Susan Buchman, Christina Buckel, Whitney Burgess, Sarah Burghardt, Kyle Burka, Abigail Byerly, Wesley Bystrak, Tamara Carter, Chris Cates, Marshall E. Childs-Kean, Lindsey Chiu, Ada Chong, Christopher Colmenares, Evan Colucci, Vincent J. Conway, Stephanie L. Cook, Elizabeth Covington, Elizabeth Cowart, Kevin Coz-Yataco, Angel Dash, Ranjeet D’Astoli, Joseph Dawwas, Ghadeer Dean, Stacey R. Deen, Beth Deming, Paulina Dharia, Sheetal Diec, Sandy DiScala, Sandra Ditch, Kristen Dougherty, John A. Eaves, Shannon Eljaaly, Khalid Enderby, Cher Eskazan, Ahmet Emre Eyler, Rachel F. Faley, Brian Farinola, Nicholas Felix, Daniel Fleming, James Gibson, Mara Gónzalez Álvarez, Isabel Gören, Jessica Hashida, Tohru Hashmi, Furqan Hellenga, Nadia Hockman, Rebecca Haynes Hoke, Kathleen House, Naomi Huang, Yen-Ming Hughes, Jonathan Jackson, Kristy Janzen, Kristin Jellinek-Cohen, Samantha P. Johannesmeyer, Herman Kane, Brenna Keeshin, Susana Keresztes, Jan M. Kim, Myeong Gyu Knockel, Laura Kopcza, Kathleen B. Krantz, Erica Krichbaum, Michelle Krikorian, Susan A. Leffler, Michaela Leo, Andrea Levine, Alexander Liao, Siyun Lilliston, Andrea Michelle Liu, Wenxi Lyles, Adraine Lawrence MacDonald, Nancy C. Macedo, Kelly Mahan, Rebecca Malone, Patrick Mathew, Sheryl Mercuro, Nicholas Merrey, Jessica Molino, Suzanne Mospan, Cortney Muir, Justin Okeahialam, Basil Patel, Hansita Pattie, Stacey Baker Pektezel, Mehmet Petite, Sarah Powers, Mary Redfern, Roberta Rein, Leanne Rhalimi, Mounir Rose, Christina Rosselli, Jennifer Russak, Edward Salerno, David Scherrer, Leigh Seed, Sheila Selvi-Sabater, Pablo Skordallos, Sebastian Slugocki, Malgorzata Smith, Susan Snyder, Scott Spence, Nathan A. Spray, Jeffery Steinberg, Michael Steiner, Chris 814935 PMTXXX10.1177/8755122518814935Journal of Pharmacy Technology other2018","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"45 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82697409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"Sakra Saleh, Bandy, L. Jason, Barenholtz Levy, Hedva, Barros, C. Michael, Battaglia, Laura, Kopcza","doi":"10.1177/8755122517744031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517744031","url":null,"abstract":"Abazia, Daniel Adams, Alex Akins, Ronda Al-Shaer, Mohammad Ali, Saadia Alkim, Huseyin Alvarez-Risco, Aldo Bahmaid, Reem Balhareth, Sakra Saleh Bandy, Jason L. Barenholtz Levy, Hedva Barros, Michael C. Battaglia, Jessica N. Bergan, Jennifer Bernknopf, Allison Bonanno, Christina Borja-Hart, Nancy Bork, Sara Brenner, Allison C. Bright, David Britton, Emily Brown, Sherrill J. Bucher, Kasey Burgess, Sarah Burnett, Yvonne Byrnes, Holly Cates, Marshall E. Chaddha, Ashish Chong, Christopher Clements, Jennifer N. Cocchio, Craig Coletti, Daniel Cox, Laura McIntyre Cristofaro, Lisa Dault, Roxanne DeRemer, David DiMondi, Vincent Dunham, Marissa Dunn, Deanna Dutta Choudhury, Shubhasree Ellis, Mary Elsey, Rachel Evans, Shelby Eyler, Rachel F. Faley, Brian Fink, Joseph Fox, Lanae Fuji, Kevin Gillette, Michael Golchin, Negar Goldshtein, Inbal Hahn, Lindsay Hale, Charity Hansen, Kevin Hawks, Kelly Hein, Bradley E. Hill, Jordan Hohmeier, Kenneth Hui, Adrian Hutchison, Lisa Comer Jensen, Leon K. Jordan, Melanie Joseph, Merlyn Justis, Leanne Kang-Birken, Sunghe Lena Kaur, Upinder Keresztes, Jan M. Kliethermes, Mary Ann Knockel, Laura Kopcza, Kathleen B. Kouladjian O’Donnell, Lisa Krajewski, Kristin Lacher, Barbara Laskey, Dayne LaVance, Anne Leonard, Charles Li Ying, Huang Lin, Shin Yi Ling, Hua Lukasiewicz, Ronald H. Manzor Mitrzyk, Beatriz McCoy, Cheryl Merino-Bohórquez, Vicente Morin, Lucas Mruk, Allison Munsour, Emad Eldin Newman, Luke Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Park, Jiehye Patanwala, Asad Pegram, Angela Pervanas, Helen Peterson, Tim Pon, Tiffany Powers, Mary Priano, James Quinn, Andrea Renfro, Chelsea Rice, Kathryn Roberts, Gregory Robinson, Renee F. Rose, Adam J. Rosselli, Jennifer Sargin, Gokhan Scott, James D. Seed, Sheila Serlemitsos-Day, Maritsa Shea, Peter Shin, Maria Sirois, Caroline Skinner, Brian Spooner, Linda M. Stading, Julie A. Stevens, Brooke Stewart, Kyana Stultz, Jeremy Sullivan, Karyn Takieddine, Sheila Tawil, Samah Thompson, Alyssa Thornton, James Thurston, Maria Traeger, Jessica 744031 PMTXXX10.1177/8755122517744031Journal of Pharmacy Technology research-article2017","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"37 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84963011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy in Family Medicine Residency Practices","authors":"Kenya Ie, Maria A. Felton, S. Springer, Stephen A. Wilson, S. Albert","doi":"10.1177/8755122517725327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517725327","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prescription-related problems among older adults have been of great interest. However, few data are available regarding the prevalence of these problems in US family medicine residency practices (FMRPs). Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) use among older adults who visited 5 FMRPs more than once a year. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital record review for patients 65 years or older who visited 1 of the 5 university-affiliated FMRPs at least twice during January 1 to December 31, 2014, was conducted. The prevalence of multimorbidity (24 chronic index conditions), polypharmacy, and PIMs use was examined. Results: A total of 1084 patients were included in the analyses. The most common chronic conditions were hypertension (87.8%), hyperlipidemia (69.7%), and osteoarthritis (56.1%). The mean number of chronic conditions was 5.3 (SD 2.6). The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) was 95.6%. Among these multimorbid older adults (N = 1036), the mean number of medication orders was 9.04 (SD 4.36) and 1.57 (SD 0.92) for PIMs, 86.1% met polypharmacy standards (≥5 medications), and 33.4% were prescribed one or more PIMs. The proportion of patients with fewer prescriptions at the last visit was 45.4% in the polypharmacy group and 38.0% in the PIMs group. Conclusion: Our results suggest a high level of morbidity and complexity among older adults receiving care in FMRPs. Improving the continuity of care as well as promoting interdisciplinary collaboration would have potential to reduce these prescription-related problems. Further research and education to address polypharmacy and PIMs among this population at FMRPs are required.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"219 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79333268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate Use of Ceftriaxone in the Emergency Department of a Veteran’s Health Care System","authors":"S. Durham, M. J. Wingler, Lea S. Eiland","doi":"10.1177/8755122517720293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517720293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin commonly utilized as an empiric antibiotic treatment option in the emergency department (ED). Overuse can lead to decreased susceptibility and emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, increased costs, and unnecessary adverse effects. Objective: The purpose of this project was to determine the appropriateness of ceftriaxone usage in the ED of a veteran’s health care system. Methods: This retrospective chart review included all veterans who received at least one dose of ceftriaxone in the ED between June 1, 2014, and June 1, 2015. The primary outcome was the percentage of appropriate ceftriaxone use. Usage appropriateness was determined on a case-by-case basis by examining current published guidelines and local recommendations based on the institutional antibiogram. Results: Ceftriaxone was prescribed for a wide variety of indications and was determined to be inappropriately prescribed in 164 patients (53%). The most common reason for inappropriate prescribing was lack of a first-line indication for ceftriaxone (64%). Only 120 patients (38.5%) exhibited systemic signs of infection based on vital signs and laboratory parameters, and 25 patients (8%) likely did not require antibiotic therapy at all. Conclusions: Ceftriaxone was used inappropriately in more than half of the patients who received the drug in the ED. The literature on the prescribing habits for ceftriaxone is limited in the United States, but these results are similar to studies conducted in other countries. Attempts should be made to educate prescribers on appropriate indications for the use of ceftriaxone.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"215 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nivolumab for the Treatment of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","authors":"Maryann R. Cooper, Bassem Almalki, Kristine C. Willett","doi":"10.1177/8755122517716472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517716472","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review nivolumab for the treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Data Sources: Literature searches were conducted in Medline (1946 to May week 3 2017), EMBASE (1974 to 2017 week 22), and Google Scholar using the terms Hodgkin lymphoma AND nivolumab. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Two clinical trials (phase I and phase II) were identified. Data Synthesis: Nivolumab inhibits programmed death receptor-1 allowing for increased T-cell mediated immune surveillance of tumors. Nivolumab was evaluated in cHL patients after failure of autologous stem cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin consolidation. Patients received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks. In the phase I trial, the objective response rate was 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66-97) and the rate of progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 weeks was 86% (95% CI = 62-95). The most common adverse events (AE) included rash (22%) and decreased platelet count (17%). Following extended follow-up at a median of 86 weeks, 50% of the initial responders maintained a durable response. In the phase II clinical trial, 53 patients (66.3%, 95% CI = 54.8-76.4) achieved an objective response and PFS at 6 months was 76.9% (95% CI = 64.9-85.3). The common AE were fatigue (25%), infusion-related reactions (20%), and rash (16%). After further follow-up at a median of 15.4 months, 12-month overall survival was 94.9% (median overall survival not reached). Conclusions: Nivolumab is an effective option in treating patients with relapsed/refractory cHL with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of nivolumab for the treatment of cHL.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"237 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78708252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bubble Packaging on Adherence to Long-Term Oral Medications Used to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Surbhi Shah, John A. Galdo, Elizabeth D. Cox, M. Moreno, H. Young","doi":"10.1177/8755122517702171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517702171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adherence to long-term pharmacotherapy is problematic in the United States. Bubble packaging of medications has been touted to improve patients’ use of medications. Scant research has assessed bubble packaging’s impact on adherence to multiple medications. Objective: To compare medication adherence between patients receiving medications to address cardiovascular disease risk factors in bubble packages to those receiving medications in pill bottles. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized prescription dispensing records from an independent pharmacy. Patients receiving statins, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or oral hypoglycemic agents were identified and grouped into those who received medications in bubble packages and those received medications in pill bottles. Adherence was assessed with medication possession ratios. Patients were classified as adherent if their medication possession ratio was 80% or more. Results: Receiving medications in bubble packaging was significantly associated with greater adherence compared to pill bottles (P < .001). In adjusted models, greater numbers of medications filled (P = .024) and increasing patient age (P = .018) were significantly associated with low adherence, while bubble packaging was not (P = .13). Stratified analyses revealed that bubble packaging was significantly associated with greater adherence when 4 or fewer medications are filled (P = .012) and for patients between 18 and 44 years of age (P = .023). Conclusion: Bubble packages can improve medication adherence. However, they may not resolve complex issues contributing to the problem of nonadherence, especially for older patients and those prescribed multiple medications.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"114 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75292559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tech-Check-Tech in Community Pharmacy Practice Settings","authors":"Timothy P. Frost, A. Adams","doi":"10.1177/8755122516683519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122516683519","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The benefit of a tech-check-tech (TCT) practice model in institutional settings has been well documented. To date, few studies have explored TCT beyond institutional settings. This article summarizes the existing evidence in community pharmacy–based TCT research with respect to dispensing accuracy and pharmacist time devoted to direct patient care. Data Sources: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (January 1990 to August 2016), Google Scholar (January 1990 to August 2016), and EMBASE (January 1990 to August 2016) using the terms “tech* and check,” “tech-check-tech,” “checking technician,” and “accuracy checking tech*”. Bibliographies were reviewed to identify additional relevant literature. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies were included if they analyzed TCT and were conducted in a community pharmacy practice site, inclusive of chain, independent, mass merchant, supermarket, and mail order pharmacies. Studies were excluded if the TCT practice model was conducted in an institutional or long-term care setting. Survey data on theoretical models of TCT in community pharmacy practice settings were also excluded. Data Synthesis: Over the past 14 years, 4 studies were identified indicating TCT has been performed safely and effectively in community settings. The studies demonstrate that trained community technicians perform as accurately as pharmacists and that TCT increased the amount of pharmacist time devoted to clinical activities. In the 2 studies that reported accuracy rates, pharmacy technicians performed at least as accurately as pharmacists (99.445 vs 99.73%, P = .484; 99.95 vs 99.74, P < .05). Furthermore, 3 of the studies reported gains in pharmacist time, with increases between 9.1% and 19.18% of pharmacist time for consultative services. Conclusions: The present studies demonstrate that TCT can be safe and effective in community pharmacy practice settings, with results similar to those found in institutional settings. It is anticipated more states will explore TCT in community settings in the years ahead as a strategy to improve patient care.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"47 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89984027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two Intravenous Insulin Titration Methods in Hyperglycemic Crisis","authors":"E. Rohrbach, Kelli N Webb, T. Costello","doi":"10.1177/8755122517690749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122517690749","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glycemic control using intravenous insulin infusions is an important component of hyperglycemic crisis treatment. Literature supports the use of standardized titration protocols; however, comparisons of specific methods are limited. Objective: Compare the safety and efficacy of 2 insulin infusion titration methods used in hyperglycemic crisis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted including adults admitted to an inpatient facility from August 1, 2013, to August 1, 2015, who were treated for at least 4 hours with an intravenous insulin infusion. Primary efficacy outcomes of time to anion gap closure and time to goal blood glucose was studied in patients meeting criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis (n = 79), while the primary safety outcome of rates of hypoglycemia were compared among all study patients (n = 200). Results: The fixed-rate titration method had statistically shorter time to blood glucose <200 mg/dL compared to the multiplier titration group (6.1 [4.0] vs 8.8 [4.4], respectively; P = .018; mean time in hours [standard deviation]); however, no statistically significant difference was seen in the other primary efficacy and safety outcomes. Statistical improvements were found in secondary outcomes of intensive/progressive care units, length of stay, and infusion duration in the fixed-rate titration method, while less deviation from titration recommendations was found in the multiplier titration group. Conclusions: Significant differences seen in time to a goal blood glucose, deviation prevalence, and holds of the infusion for low blood glucose have identified areas for optimization, additional study, and staff education.","PeriodicalId":16796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"72 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75615726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}