Journal of Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of a <i>STING</i>-Deficient HepG2 Cell Line through CRISPR/Cas9 System and Evaluation of Its Effects on <i>Salmonella</i> Replication.","authors":"Lanqing Sun, Kai Huang, Xuan Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9615181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9615181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium (<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium) is a common food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and can lead to life-threatening systemic disease when it spreads to vital organs, such as the liver. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial regulator of the host's innate immune response to viral infections, while its role in bacterial infections remains controversial. This study aims to establish a <i>STING</i>-deficient HepG2 cell line through the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate its effects on <i>Salmonella</i> replication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a <i>STING</i> knockout HepG2 cell line was constructed through the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We assessed cell viability and proliferation using the CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of <i>STING</i> deletion on <i>Salmonella</i> replication and the expression of type I interferon-related genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>STING</i> knockout HepG2 cell line was successfully constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The proliferation capability was diminished in <i>STING</i>-deficient HepG2 cells, while <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium replication in these cells was augmented compared to the wild-type (WT) group. Following <i>Salmonella</i> infection, the transcriptional responses of type I interferon-related genes, such as <i>IFNB1</i> and <i>ISG15</i>, were inhibited in <i>STING</i>-deficient HepG2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully constructed a <i>STING</i>-deficient cell line. Our finding of increased <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium replication in <i>STING</i>-deficient HepG2 cells provides the basis for further studies on pathogen-host interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Ameliorates the Severity of Acute Multiple Antibiotics-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Burn Wound in a Rat Burn Model","authors":"Subhanil Chakraborty, Subhajit Sen, Arghya Das, R. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1155/2024/3601954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3601954","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium, has emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in burn wounds. Current therapeutic approaches through wound dressings and systemic medicines are far from satisfactory; resistance to more than two antibiotics shown by pathogens contributes to failures of therapy causing mortality. This animal study was conducted to check the efficacy of one Ayurveda-based fermented polyherbal preparation (AP 01) against multiple antibiotics-resistant (MAR) P. aeruginosa HW01-infected rat burn wounds. AP-01 was applied on artificially infected burn wound on a rat model infected with MAR P. aeruginosa to register the healing effects in terms of reduction in residual wound area percentage, the presence of C-reactive protein in blood, and the presence of viable bacteria colony. Topical application with conventional antibiotics served as a positive control. The polyherbal preparation had reduced the infected residual burn wound area at 40.63% ± 0.69 from the initial burn wound area within two weeks after a single intervention, whereas residual burn wound area remained much higher in the case of animals left untreated and in the case of the animals treated with control drug. Restoration to the normalcy of serum C-reactive protein level was also achieved earlier in the case of polyherbal AP-01-treated groups than in other groups. Fermented formulations using components of AP-01 singly or in different combinations had never been tested earlier for topical application in infected burn wound. The formulation of AP-01 was found superior in terms of the rate of healing and control of infection by MAR P. aeruginosa strains in burn wounds in rat models.","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Sushant Pokhrel, Namrata Sharma, Suraj Aryal, Rachita Khadka, Tika Bahadur Thapa, Pawan Pandey, Govardhan Joshi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2342468","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2342468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The increasing antibiotic resistance and the ability to form biofilms in medical devices have become the leading cause of severe infections associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). Since the bacteria living in biofilms can exhibit 10- to 1,000-fold increase in antibiotic resistance and implicate chronic infectious diseases, the detection of <i>S. aureus</i> ability to form biofilms is of great importance for managing, minimizing, and effectively treating infections caused by it. This study aimed to compare the tube and tissue culture methods to detect biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA and MSSA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were identified by the examination of the colony morphology, Gram staining, and various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates was performed by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by CLSI guidelines. MRSA screening was performed phenotypically using a cefoxitin disc (30 <i>µ</i>g). Isolates were tested for inducible resistance using the D-test, and two phenotypic methods detected biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 982 nonrepeated clinical specimens, <i>S. aureus</i> was isolated from 103 (10.48%). Among 103 clinical isolates of <i>S. aureus</i>, 54 (52.42%) isolates were MRSA, and 49 (47.57%) were MSSA. Among 54 MRSA isolates, the inducible MLSB phenotype was observed in 23/54 (42.59%) with a positive D-test. By TCP method, 26 (48.1%) MRSA isolates were strong biofilm producers, whereas, among all MSSA isolates, only 6 (12.2%) were strong biofilm producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRSA showed strong biofilm production in comparison with MSSA. The TCP method is a recommended reliable method to detect the biofilm among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, and the TM method could be useful for the screening of biofilm production in <i>S. aureus</i> in the routine clinical laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Human Brucellosis among Syrian Refugees in Jordan, 2022","authors":"Tarek Al-Sanouri, Yousef Khader, Ekhlas Hailat, Sereen Iweir, Mohammad Abu Khudair, M. Al Nsour","doi":"10.1155/2023/5885316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5885316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Brucellosis is prevalent in Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated factors among Syrian refugees in Jordan. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Syrian refugees who attended the Public Health Lab (PHL) in Al Mafraq governorate, during the period of May-June 2022 to obtain a health certificate, which is legally required to receive governmental authorization for employment in Jordan. Blood samples were obtained from participants and a serum specimen was tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against Brucella using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG kits (Vircell Microbiologists, Granada, Spain). Results. A total of 1562 Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged between 18 and 74 years, with a median age of 30 years at presentation. The majority were males (75.9%, n = 1186) and 24.1% (n = 376) were females. The Brucella ELISA IgG results were positive for 149 persons, with an overall seroprevalence rate of 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.0%–11.0%). Having animal-related occupations, residing outside refugee camps, consuming unpasteurized milk, handling animals or their tissues, and slaughtering animals within 6 months of study inclusion were significantly higher among the seropositive group. In the multivariate analysis, IgG-positive persons were 13 times more likely to report being diagnosed with brucellosis (OR = 13.1, 95% CI: 6.1–28.3; \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000  ≤ 0.001). In addition, they were more likely to reside in the city of Al Mafraq, as opposed to a refugee camp (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2; \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000  = 0.025) and to have handled animals within 6 months of study inclusion (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–8.9; \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000  = 0.035). Conclusions. In conclusion, one-tenth of adult Syrian refugees were tested positive for Brucella ELISA IgG. Being diagnosed with brucellosis, residing in the city of Al Mafraq, as opposed to a refugee camp, and handling animals within 6 months of study inclusion were significantly associated with being positive for Brucella ELISA IgG. This study illustrates the need for improved brucellosis control measures via comprehensive vaccination of animals and enhanced laboratory detection and surveillance capacities, in addition to emphasizing the need for increased awareness sessions among Syrian refugees on the safe use and preparation of dairy products and safety practices of handling animals and their tissues.","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors and Their Association with Clinical and Demographic Factors in Kenya.","authors":"Martin Georges,&nbsp;Erick Odoyo,&nbsp;Daniel Matano,&nbsp;Fredrick Tiria,&nbsp;Cecilia Kyany'a,&nbsp;Daniel Mbwika,&nbsp;Winnie C Mutai,&nbsp;Lillian Musila","doi":"10.1155/2022/3129439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3129439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterococci are clinically significant because of their increasing antibiotic resistance and their ability to cause severe infections due to an arsenal of virulence genes. Few studies in the developing world have examined virulence factors that may significantly impact patient outcomes. This study describes the antimicrobial resistance profiles and prevalence of five key <i>Enterococcal virulence</i> genes <i>gelE</i>, <i>asa</i>, <i>cylA</i>, <i>esp,</i> and <i>hyl</i> in forty-four clinical <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i> isolates in Kenya and their association with patients' demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All <i>E. faecium</i> isolates were obtained from hospital-acquired skin and soft tissue infections. While <i>E. faecalis</i> was associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections. All isolates were resistant to erythromycin, whereas 11/44 (27.5%), 25/44 (56.8%), 28/44 (63.6%), 37/44 (84.1%), 40/44 (90.0%), and 43/44 (97.5%) were susceptible to tetracycline, levofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and teicoplanin, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, vancomycin, and linezolid. There was little difference in the antibiotic resistance profiles between <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i>. The prevalence of the virulence genes among the 44 isolates were 27 (61.4%) for <i>gelE</i>, 26 (59.1%) for <i>asa1</i>, 16 (36.3%) for <i>esp,</i> 11 (25.0%) for <i>cylA,</i> and 1 (2.3%) for <i>hyl</i>. 72.9% of <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates had multiple virulence genes compared to 57% of <i>E. faecium</i> isolates with no virulence genes. The <i>hyl</i> gene was only detected in <i>E. faecium,</i> while <i>cylA</i> and <i>asa1</i> were only detected in <i>E. faecalis</i>. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of <i>asa1</i> and <i>esp</i> virulence genes and tetracycline resistance (<i>P</i>=0.0305 and 0.0363, respectively). A significant correlation was also observed between the presence of virulence genes <i>gelE</i> and <i>asa1</i> and nitrofurantoin resistance (<i>P</i>=0.0175 and 0.0225, respectively) and ampicillin resistance (<i>P</i>=0.0005 and 0.0008, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the high levels of erythromycin resistance in <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i>, the demographic factors influencing the species distribution among patients, and the accumulation of multiple virulence genes in <i>E. faecalis.</i> The significant association of <i>gelE</i>, <i>asa1,</i> and <i>esp</i> virulence genes with drug resistance could explain the pathogenic success of <i>E. faecalis</i> and provides a guide for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9668473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40714779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Patients Seeking Healthcare in a Rural Hospital in Ghana.","authors":"John Gameli Deku,&nbsp;Kwesi Amoah Botchway,&nbsp;Silas Kinanyok,&nbsp;Charles Kwame Gedzeah,&nbsp;Richard Vikpebah Duneeh,&nbsp;Kwabena Obeng Duedu","doi":"10.1155/2022/5652637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5652637","url":null,"abstract":"Background Parasitic infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are common in various regions and populations across the world and have since remained a persistent public health challenge. Sub-Saharan Africa harbors the greatest burden of the infections due to sociodemographic and behavioral factors. However, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections among HIV-infected persons has been poorly investigated in Ghana. Aim This study sought to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections and associated factors in HIV-infected individuals attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in St. Mary Theresa Hospital, Dodi Papase. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to September 2021 among three hundred and thirty-five HIV-infected individuals in the study area. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were collected with the aid of a close-ended structured questionnaire. Furthermore, stool samples were collected from each participant and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by microscopy using direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen (Zn) techniques. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and Graphpad Prism version 8. Results The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections was 5.97%. Species-specific prevalence was found to be 2.99% for Giardia lamblia, 1.19% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 0.90% each for Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Trichuris trichiura. There was a significant association between participants' educational level and intestinal parasitic infection. In addition, gastrointestinal parasitic infections were not found to be associated with age. Unemployed participants, those with a lower frequency of deworming, and those who do not use water closet toilet facilities were at a higher risk of getting infected. Conclusion The lower infection rate recorded in this study suggests that public health interventions put in place are yielding significant results. Even though the prevalence is low, routine screening of all HIV-infected patients for parasitic infection is recommended to ensure timely, effective treatment and comprehensive care.","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9424049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Microbiota Children of 0–5 Years Old in the Commune of Abomey-Calavi","authors":"H. Sina, D. Dah-Nouvlessounon, T. Adjobimey, Bawa Boya, Ghislaine M. C. Dohoue, C. N’tcha, Violette Chidikofan, F. Baba-Moussa, I. Abdoulaye, A. Adjanohoun, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.1155/2022/6253894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6253894","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium and one of the first bacteria to colonize the digestive tract of newborns after birth. It is characterized by great versatility and metabolic flexibility that allows its survival in different niches. The present study aims at analyzing the diversity of E. coli strains isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children aged from 0 to 5 years in the commune of Abomey-Calavi in Benin. For this purpose, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 135 stool samples were collected from the pediatric clinic of Abomey-Calavi. Microbiological analyses were performed according to standard microbiology analytical techniques. The molecular characterization of E. coli was performed by investigating eight genes (dinB, icdA, pabB, polB, putP, trpA, trpB, and uidA) using the PCR technique. The results showed that the average loading rate on stool samples was 3.74 × 107 CFU/g for TAMF. A total of 7 species of bacteria were identified at different proportions: Staphylococcus spp (55.36%), E. coli (14.29%), Klebsiella ornithinolytica (12.5%), Serratia odorifera (5.36%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (5.36%). Interestingly, isolated E. coli presented a resistance of 100% to cefotaxime and aztreonam. In addition, resistances of 95.24% and 50% were observed against erythromycin and nalidixic acid, respectively. The molecular characterization of the isolated E. coli strains allowed us to discover another molecular variation within the isolated strains. Genes encoding the enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) and DNA polymerase II (polB) were detected at 96.30% in the isolated E. coli strains. Moreover, the genes encoding the enzymes beta-D-glucuronidase (uidA) and DNA polymerase (dinB) were detected at 88.89% in the isolated E. coli strains. Interestingly, 81.48%, 85.19, 92.59%, and 100% of isolated E. coli strains expressed the genes encoding the enzymes tryptophan synthase subunit A (trpA), proline permease (putP), p-aminobenzoate synthase, and tryptophan synthase subunit B (trpB), respectively. The diversity of E. coli strains reflects the importance of regulatory mechanisms in the adaptation of bacteria to the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47454125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pattern of Microorganisms and Drug Susceptibility in Pediatric Oncologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia.","authors":"Thanyathorn Jungrungrueng,&nbsp;Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt,&nbsp;Supanun Lauhasurayotin,&nbsp;Kanhatai Chiengthong,&nbsp;Hansamon Poparn,&nbsp;Darintr Sosothikul,&nbsp;Piti Techavichit","doi":"10.1155/2021/6692827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6692827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to describe the pattern of causative microorganisms, drug susceptibility, risk factors of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, and clinical impact of these organisms on pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive study of oncologic patients aged less than 15 years who were diagnosed with febrile neutropenia in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital was conducted between January 2013 to December 2017. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of febrile neutropenia episodes, causative pathogens, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were recorded.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This study included 267 patients with 563 febrile neutropenia episodes. The median (range) age was 5.1 years (1 month-15 years). The most common underlying disease was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (42.7%). Of 563 febrile episodes, there were 192 (34.1%) with microbiologically documented infection. Among these 192 episodes of microbiologically documented infection, there were 214 causative pathogens: 154 bacteria (72%), 32 viruses (15%), 27 fungus (12.6%), and 1 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (0.4%). Gram-negative bacteria (48.6%) accounted for most of the causative pathogens. Twenty-three percent of them were multidrug resistant, and 18% were carbapenem resistant. Among Gram-positive bacterial infection which accounted for 23.4% of all specimens, the proportion of MRSA was 20%. The 2-week mortality rate was 3.7%. Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infection caused significant adverse events and mortality compared to nonresistant bacterial infection (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is high rate of drug-resistant organism infection in pediatric oncology patients in a tertiary-care center in Thailand. Infection with drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infection was associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Continuous surveillance for the pattern of drug-resistant infections is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25592036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Status of Bacteria from a Health Facility in Ghana: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Abass Inusah,&nbsp;Elvis Quansah,&nbsp;Kwabena Fosu,&nbsp;Isaac Dadzie","doi":"10.1155/2021/6648247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6648247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regardless of the global concerted effort to control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, increasing cases are continually documented at many medical centres. This situation is reinforced by inadequate information on the trend of resistance resulting from lack of regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The present study sought to detect the number of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates at a health facility in Ghana from January 2018 to July 2020.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 800 data on antimicrobial testing results were extracted from the records of the health facility. The extracted data were explored for the detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR. The study further determined the use of antibiotics using the multiple-drug resistance index (MDRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Except for <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Neisseria</i> spp., all bacterial isolates showed extremely high (100%) proportion of MDR. Although only <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (38 (4.8%)) was observed to be XDR, the rest of the bacteria showed the potential to attain the status of XDR or PDR. MDRI indicated high use of antibiotics in the health facility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high antimicrobial resistance observed by the study underscores the need for prompt and effective antibiotic resistance control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25501177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical <i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> Extract Enhances Wound Healing in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Zahra Ghanbarinasab,&nbsp;Mahnaz Hosseini-Bensenjan,&nbsp;Elaheh Ziaei Ziabari,&nbsp;Shiva Aminnia,&nbsp;Roham Borazjani,&nbsp;Mohammad Rastegarian Jahromi,&nbsp;Qasem Asgari,&nbsp;Bahador Sarkari,&nbsp;Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani","doi":"10.1155/2021/7860474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7860474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> (Tabashir) has been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects due to the presence of ascorbic acid, vitamin B2, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds which can be beneficial in the process of wound healing. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical Tabashir extract on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by <i>Leishmania major</i> in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight female BALB/c mice (4 weeks old, 18 ± 4 grams) were injected subcutaneously in tail-base with <i>L. major</i> amastigotes. Treatment started when the CL lesions were appeared and continued for 21 days. Mice were then divided into four groups: <i>E</i>1, treated daily with 5% of Tabashir extract gel; <i>E</i>2, treated daily with 10% Tabashir gel; <i>C</i>1, irrigated daily only with normal saline; and <i>C</i>2, received vehicle gel daily. The wounds' sizes were measured every 3 days, using vernier caliper. The volume densities of vessels, collagens, and hair follicles, vessels' length density, and mean diameter were soteriologically determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tabashir enhanced wound closure rate through increasing the number of fibroblasts, collagen bundles, and vessels, according to histomorphometric evaluation while it did not affect the parasitic load. Findings of the in vitro study revealed that the extract has substantial mortality for the <i>Leishmania</i> promastigotes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical Tabashir showed promising effects on the healing process of skin wounds caused by CL in this experimental study. Further studies are suggested to find out the molecules which are involved in the healing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25408454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}