Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry最新文献

{"title":"On the valence shell spectroscopy of 1,2-dichlorobenzene","authors":"L.V.S. Dalagnol ,&nbsp;S. Kumar ,&nbsp;A.Souza Barbosa ,&nbsp;U.S. Akther ,&nbsp;N.C. Jones ,&nbsp;S.V. Hoffmann ,&nbsp;M.H.F. Bettega ,&nbsp;P. Limão-Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption spectrum of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the photon energy range 4.0–10.8 eV (310–115 nm). The electronic state spectroscopy of <em>ortho</em>-C₆H₄Cl₂ has been investigated together with quantum chemical calculations at different levels of theory, also providing vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths. The valence, mixed valence-Rydberg and Rydberg character of the electronic transitions is accompanied by fine structure which has been mainly assigned to in-plane breathing with C–Cl stretching, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>v</mi><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, ring breathing and C–C stretching, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>v</mi><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, in-plane ring breathing, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>v</mi><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, C–Cl symmetric stretching, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>v</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, and in-plane C–Cl bending <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>v</mi><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> modes. The experimental absolute photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the Earth’s atmosphere (0–50 km), showing that solar photolysis is expected to be a weak sink at altitudes lower than 20 km relative to <img>OH radical reactions. Potential energy curves for the lowest-lying excited electronic states, as a function of the C–Cl stretching and in-plane C–Cl bending coordinates, were also obtained employing the time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The results show the importance of the complex quasi-degenerate nature of the lowest-lying electronic states which in the intricate nuclear dynamics of the reaction coordinates, yield relevant internal conversion from Rydberg to valence character and in the asymptotic limit bond excision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 116153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnCo2S4/CuO heterojunction photocatalyst for activation of persulfate to degrade p-nitrophenol","authors":"Ruoxue Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Cheng ,&nbsp;Gunel Imanova ,&nbsp;Sridhar Komarneni ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation of <em>para</em>-nitrophenol (PNP) pollutant under visible light (ZnCo₂S₄/CuO/PMS/Vis) via ZnCo₂S₄/CuO heterojunction activated peroxymonosulfate has been investigated in detail. The results indicate that 50 % ZnCo₂S₄/CuO performs best under light conditions, and after adding 4 mM PMS, the degradation rate of PNP reaches 98 %. The study systematically examines the effects of important parameters (PMS dosage, pH, and coexisting anions) on PNP degradation and verifies the excellent performance of the photocatalysis-activated PMS system through comparative experiments. Electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) and free radical quenching experiments revealed that ¹O₂ contributes the most to the degradation performance of PNP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of infrared controlled AgNP/graphite/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membranes for removal of organic pollutants","authors":"Huseyin Gumus","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of light-sensitive particle-added composites as alternative materials in the treatment of waste water was investigated. Infrared responsive polyvinylidene membranes were prepared with anchoring the graphite supported silver particles reduced by quince seed extract. X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to characterize physicochemical and structural properties of composites. Photoluminescence, surface area and contact angle measurements were carried out. The filtration performances of the membranes were tested under infrared light in a continuous flow system. Methyl orange and bovine serum albumin solutions were used as model pollutants. The silver-graphite additive acted as light absorber and energy converter. Owing to the photothermal effect, the water flux, rejection and roughness of the AgNP-G-P membrane improved significantly, and those were recorded as 74.7 L.m⁻².h⁻¹.bar⁻¹, 54.6 % and, 75.0, respectively (32.5, 22 and 74.1 %, respectively, for PVDF). The composites almost retained their initial performance after repeated use and did not cause solution leaching. In this study photothermal particles, which are frequently used in medical applications, were successfully adapted to the filtration system. It has the ability to add a specific and new dimension to the protection of the environment by purifying wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen in water using iron oxides: Comparative efficiency of goethite, magnetite, and hematite","authors":"Cátia Alexandra Podence Alves ,&nbsp;Priscila Hasse Palharim ,&nbsp;Bruna Pratto ,&nbsp;Andre Luiz da Silva ,&nbsp;Douglas Gouvêa ,&nbsp;Bruno Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water presents a promising pathway for decentralized sustainable ammonia production, leveraging the abundant solar energy. In this study, we explore the efficacy of three iron oxide polymorphs – goethite (α-FeO(OH)), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) – as photocatalysts for nitrogen reduction under ultraviolet (UV) light. The materials were synthesized using hydrothermal and polymeric precursor methods, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and thermal analysis to understand their structural, surface, and optoelectronic properties. Among the materials tested, goethite demonstrated the highest ammonia production rate (20.6 µmol g⁻¹h⁻¹), which we attribute to its larger specific surface area and the stability of its surface hydroxyl groups, which play a critical role in facilitating the protonation and electron transfer necessary for nitrogen reduction. Curiously, magnetite also displayed some activity (10.3 µmol g⁻¹h⁻¹), likely due to the formation of a heterojunction with the co-occurring goethite phase. Hematite showed the fastest area-based production rate (1.05 µmol m⁻²h⁻¹), suggesting it is the polymorph with highest density of active sites for N₂ reduction. This work contributes to the ongoing search for greener and lower-cost alternatives to the Haber-Bosch process, with implications for both agriculture and energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triphenylamine-based D-A-π-A dyes for DSSC applications: Theoretical study on the impact of auxiliary acceptor groups and π-bridges on photovoltaic performance using DFT and TD-DFT calculations","authors":"Mohammed Ouachekradi,&nbsp;Mohammed Elkabous,&nbsp;Yasser Karzazi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of eight D-A_i-π_i-A organic dyes designed by chemically modifying a previously synthesized D-π-A-type organic dye, called DPA-azo-A (R), were examined to assess the impact of the inclusion of different auxiliary acceptor groups (A_i, i = 4) and the substitution of the anthracene π-spacer group by thionothiophene/furofuran π_i-bridge on their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) computational methods were used to investigate geometrical structures, optoelectronic properties, and some key short-circuit current-related parameters, such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection driving force (ΔG_inject), electron regeneration energy (ΔG_reg), excitation lifetime (τ) and chemical reactivity. In addition, we identified the most stable TiO₂-dye complex. The results showed that these new dyes show a reduced gap, significant absorption, strong adsorption, excellent light harvesting efficiency and better intramolecular charge transfer properties than the reference dye, translating into better photovoltaic performance. Consequently, this theoretical study breaks new ground by offering valuable guidance for the experimental synthesis of highly efficient triphenylamine-based organic dyes for DSSC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 116152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting charge transfer and photoelectrochemical activity in ZnO photoelectrodes with quantum dot carbon decorations","authors":"Siti Nurul Falaein Moridon ,&nbsp;Nornastasha Azida Anuar ,&nbsp;Nur Zakiah Mohammad ,&nbsp;Nurul Atikah Nordin ,&nbsp;Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc oxide (ZnO) stands as a promising semiconductor with vast potential across various domains, including photocatalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics. In the realm of photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, ZnO photoelectrodes have emerged as pivotal components for harnessing solar energy to drive hydrogen and oxygen production. However, the inherent wide band gap of ZnO poses challenges, retarding light absorption rates and fostering rapid electron-hole recombination. To tackle this, ZnO has been ingeniously augmented with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Notably, ZnO photoelectrodes fabricated in 1 M NaOH alkaline solution exhibit a nanocubic structure, while those produced in 1 M urea solution adopt a nanorod configuration. Among these, ZnO/Urea, characterized by enhanced photocurrent, has been selected for further enhancement with CQDs and N-CQDs, both at a concentration of 8.5 mg/ml. UV–Vis spectra analysis reveals that ZnO/Urea/CQDs and ZnO/Urea/NCQDs exhibit superior light absorption compared to pristine ZnO/Urea, concurrently reducing the quantum band gap to 2.89 eV and 3.01 eV, respectively. Notably, ZnO/Urea/CQDs achieve a noteworthy photocurrent density of 0.56 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. RHE. This study underscores the pivotal role of quantum dot decoration in enhancing charge transfer rates and augmenting photocatalytic activity within ZnO photoelectrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 116141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning and DFT assisted analysis of benzodithiophene based organic dyes for possible photovoltaic applications","authors":"Cihat Güleryüz ,&nbsp;Sajjad H. Sumrra ,&nbsp;Abrar U. Hassan ,&nbsp;Ayesha Mohyuddin ,&nbsp;Azal S. Waheeb ,&nbsp;Masar A. Awad ,&nbsp;Ayad R. Jalfan ,&nbsp;Sadaf Noreen ,&nbsp;Hussein A.K. Kyhoiesh ,&nbsp;Islam H. El Azab","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a synergistic approach to combine Machine Learning (ML), Density Functional Theory (DFT), and molecular descriptor analysis for designing high-performance benzodithiophene (BDT) based chromophores. A dataset of 366 BDT incorporated moieties is compiled from literature while their molecular descriptors are designed by using Python programming language. Linear and Random Forest Regression models produces best results to predict their exciton binding energy (Eb) with their R-Squared (R2) value 0.87 and 0.94 respectively. Their DFT calculations provides additional features, including molecular charges. Their ML models also reveals that their E_b values are a crucial predictor for their photovoltaic (PV) performance as its lower value could facilitate efficient charge carrier separation. For this, their hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and topological polar surface area (TPSA) emerges as key descriptors during their regression analysis. Their DFT validation shows negligible differences in their molecular charges to suggest their electron donor/acceptor moieties can significantly impact their chromophore nature. The current research work is helpful for efficiently screening the suitability of organic chromophores for their PV applications through advanced computational tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A copper complex receptor for nanomolar sulfide sensing and applications in DNA/BSA binding","authors":"Dipankar Das ,&nbsp;Aritra Roy ,&nbsp;Cauê P. Souza ,&nbsp;Somnath Mondal ,&nbsp;Sourav Sutradhar ,&nbsp;Parnashabari Sarkar ,&nbsp;Felipe Fantuzzi ,&nbsp;Biswa Nath Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditionally toxic sulfide species (S^2–, HS^–, and H₂S) play indispensable roles in various biological, environmental, and industrial processes. However, excessive exposure to these species can result in numerous chronic diseases. Considering the importance of sulfide recognition, we have synthesized and characterized a simple 1:1 Cu(II) complex of <strong>L</strong> (<strong>CuCl₂L</strong> receptor) based on a substituted 2,6-dipyrazinylpyridine (dppy) moiety (<strong>L</strong> = 4-(2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylaniline). The complex was analyzed both experimentally and computationally using DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The <em>in-situ</em> prepared <strong>CuCl₂L</strong> receptor is employed to selectively recognize sulfide species (detection limit: 82.50 nM) in the presence of other anions in higher concentration (ten equivalents of F^–, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, CH₃CO₂^–, HCO₃^–, H₂PO₄^–, NO₃^–, SO₃^2–, SO₄^2–, S₂O₃^2–, CO₃^2–, and HPO₄^2– (10 mM)) in aqueous acetonitrile (2:1 v/v<em>,</em> 10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4) through absorption spectral studies. Furthermore, the receptor is successfully utilized for various real-time detection applications and demonstrated significant intercalative binding interaction with Calf–Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and good binding interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA), supported by viscometry and molecular docking studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 116154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecofriendly multifunctional bismuth oxyiodides pigment and paint coatings: Photocatalytic and cooling functionalities","authors":"Andrea Martinez-Topete ,&nbsp;Manuel Robles ,&nbsp;Gloria Perez ,&nbsp;Fernando Martin-Consuegra ,&nbsp;Marta Castellote ,&nbsp;Eva Jimenez-Relinque","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the potential application of bismuth oxyiodides as “cool” and photocatalytic materials. The BiOI-orange (microflower) and Bi₅O₇I-white (microneedle) pigments demonstrated multifunctional properties. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to their suitable band structures for NOx pollutant degradation. The promising thermal performance compared to the uncoated metal sheets is due to their high NIR reflective and emissivity properties. In contrast, the BiOI-red (stacked-sheet structure) pigment is effective as a “cool” pigment but lacks the optimal band structure and morphology for NOx photocatalytic degradation. Incorporating these pigments into alkyd-resin paint formulations significantly reduced their photocatalytic reactivity, likely due to the degradation of the alkyd resin binder. However, the thermal performance of the paint formulations remained favorable. These results imply that Bi_xO_yI_z pigments have potential as “cool” pigments for energy-efficient building facade and roof applications. To optimize their photocatalytic performance in resin-based paint formulations, further research is necessary. Exploring alternative inorganic binders is another viable option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring unique fluorescence characteristics of novel star-shaped molecules containing NBD fluorophores via different linkages: Distinct results with an aromatic ether linkage","authors":"Sumayyah Sakauloo ,&nbsp;Brian D. Wagner ,&nbsp;Amani A. Abdelghani","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel design of three star-shaped molecules linked with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl), highlighting their unique properties for fluorescence applications. NBD-Cl is a substance that is non-fluorescent until it is bound to different functional groups. The three molecules in the shape of a star were created by connecting various equivalents of NBD-Cl to three different cores. The three molecules are referred to as <strong>S-1</strong> (NBD-SR), <strong>S-2</strong> (NBD-NHAr), and <strong>S-3</strong> (NBD-OAr), which are based on thioether, amine, and ether cores, respectively. In addition, a fourth compound <strong>A</strong> was studied, where <strong>A</strong> is a single linear branch which is a precursor to <strong>S-3</strong>. The chemical structure and physical and spectroscopic properties of these molecules were studied and characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. UV–visible and luminescence spectrometry techniques were used to explore the unique electronic characteristics of all of the molecules using solvents of differing polarity. The star-shaped molecule <strong>S-1</strong> showed a distinct, blue-shifted UV–vis absorption spectrum compared to NBD-Cl and the other compounds, with a wavelength range between 410 and 415 nm. Meanwhile, its emission peaks were like those of the other compounds, falling between 530 and 545 nm. This molecule exhibited the highest Stokes shift, ranging between 110 and 137 nm in different solvents, which is higher than the other molecules being studied. The Stokes shift values for compounds <strong>A</strong>, <strong>S-2,</strong> and <strong>S-3</strong> range between 60 and 100 nm and the spectra display a red-shifted UV–vis absorption spectrum compared to that of <strong>S-1</strong>. This study reveals that the fluorescence emission wavelength of <strong>S-2</strong> (NBD-NHAr) is the longest among the fluorescence emissions. Interestingly, the fluorescence emission of compounds <strong>A</strong> and <strong>S-3</strong> (NBD-OAr) was unexpectedly higher than <strong>S-1</strong>, though still lower than <strong>S-2</strong>. This outcome was surprising as it deviates from previous reports, which indicated that NBD-OR derivatives generally lack significant fluorescence. The observed fluorescence enhancement in compounds <strong>A</strong> and <strong>S-3</strong> suggests a unique interaction between the NBD moiety and the aromatic group, possibly due to electronic effects or structural configuration, leading to a more efficient fluorescence pathway. Additionally, there was a noticeable decrease in relative fluorescence as the solvent’s dielectric constant increased, accompanied by a redshift, with slight deviations in the pattern for some molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 116147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}