Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Co single atom loaded carbon nitride porous nanotube catalysts for efficient photothermal catalysis for H2O2 production","authors":"Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Huang ,&nbsp;Tingting Huang ,&nbsp;Xing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop the efficient catalytic active sites for the reduction of O₂ to H₂O₂ while ensuring their inertness to H₂O₂ decomposition is crucial for the photothermal catalytic synthesis of H₂O₂ process, but still faces challenges. Herein, Co single-atom-loaded carbon nitride porous nanotubes (Co_SA/CN-PNTs) were prepared by self-assembled polymerization and calcined annealing. The Co single atom is not only Co single atom can not only form Co<img>N bond with N in CN as an electron transport bridge, but also act as an active center in the photothermal catalytic O₂ reduction for H₂O₂ synthesis. The porous tubular structure not only contributes to the enhancement of light absorption and utilization, but also facilitates the adsorption of O₂ as well as the formation of the key intermediate *OOH on the Co sites. Notably, the thermal effect generated by Co_SA/CN-PNT during photocatalysis contributes to the rapidity of the reaction and ensures that the rapidly adsorbed O₂ on its surface inhibits the decomposition of H₂O₂. The results showed that the H₂O₂ generation rates of Co_SA/CN-PNT reached 148.6 μmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 169.6 μmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light and solar radiation irradiation, respectively, which were 15 times and 16 times higher than those of the pristine CN material by a factor of 15.1 and 13.9, respectively. Therefore, this work improves the construction and understanding of the structure-efficacy relationship of catalysts at the atomic level by exploring the role of single atoms in the coordination shell layer and developing catalytic centers with unique single atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 117183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-ion sensing profiling using imidazole-based sensory probe","authors":"Neha Garg ,&nbsp;Shalu Thakur ,&nbsp;Armaandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Abhijit Dan ,&nbsp;Savita Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Aman Bhalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imperilling impact of heavy metal toxicity possessed serious threat to the wellbeing of our ecosystem. By utilizing the fluorescence abilities of 2,4,5-Tris phenylselanyl-1H-imidazole (<strong>3b</strong>) based probe, we developed high performing sensory probe for the accurate estimation of multiple metal ions. Under optimal conditions, our probe effectively detected Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions<strong>,</strong> distinguishing them from a wide array of other metals using UV–vis. and fluorescence measurements with wide linear ranges of 5 to 1000 μM. The respective limit of detection values are 0.40 μM and 0.23 μM for Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions respectively<strong>.</strong> Moreover, the complex of probe <strong>3b</strong> with Fe³⁺/Cu²⁺ ions serve as a turn-on sensor for the detection of Ce³⁺ ions with LOD values of 0.14 μM and 0.31 μM in presence of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions respectively. We performed a density functional theory (DFT) based computational study to gain crucial insights into how (<strong>3b</strong>) complexes with Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions<strong>.</strong> A logic gate was also designed to determine its potential in detection of Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Ce³⁺ ions in an ‘off-on’ mode. This research provides a fresh perspective for creating innovative chemo-sensors<strong>.</strong> These sensors hold significant promise for selective and sensitive detection of multiple metal ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 117149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of widely used antiglaucoma drugs mediated by photo-generated reactive oxygen species","authors":"Charis Parramón Jurado ,&nbsp;Cecilia Liaudat ,&nbsp;Marcela Altamirano ,&nbsp;Cecilia Challier ,&nbsp;Susana Criado","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as by-products of oxygen metabolism and play an essential role in biological systems. In the eye, ROS can also be generated through the photosensitizing action of natural pigments like riboflavin. Disruption of the balance between ROS production and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress, which contributes to the development and progression of ocular diseases such as glaucoma. Under these conditions, oxidative degradation may occur in ophthalmic drugs used to treat glaucoma, potentially reducing their therapeutic efficacy and generating toxic products.</div><div>This study investigates the ROS-mediated degradation of widely used antiglaucoma drugs dorzolamide (DZ), ethoxzolamide (ET) and brimonidine tartrate (BT) in the presence of riboflavin and rose bengal as photosensitizers. Photochemical and spectroscopic analyses confirmed that these drugs interact with the electronically excited states of riboflavin and with various photo-generated ROS from these states, undergoing oxidative degradation <em>via</em> Type I and Type II mechanisms. The antiglaucoma drugs also exhibited pro-oxidant capacity, being able to generate O₂(¹Δ_g) upon direct irradiation and self-degrading under these conditions.</div><div>Furthermore, the potential cytotoxic effects of the degradation products were evaluated using human MRC-5 cells. The results showed that neither the drugs nor their oxidation products were significantly cytotoxic under the current experimental conditions.</div><div>These findings emphasize the importance of considering oxidative stability when formulating ophthalmic drugs, offering valuable insights into their behavior under oxidative stress scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 117158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of crystal violet in water under the influence of UV and e-beam radiation","authors":"О.N. Tchaikovskaya ,&nbsp;E.N. Bocharnikova ,&nbsp;V.I. Solomonov ,&nbsp;A.V. Spirina ,&nbsp;A.S. Makarova ,&nbsp;M. Gomez ,&nbsp;M.D. Murcia","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the spectral study results for the photolysis and radiolysis of a cationic dye, namely crystal violet (CV), dissolved in water, under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and a pulsed electron beam (e-beam) with an electron energy of 170 keV. UV irradiation was performed using KrCl (222 nm) and XeBr (282 nm) excilamps. The influence of H₂O₂ and Na₂S₂O₈ additives, CV concentration, solution volume, and combined UV irradiation on the dye degradation kinetics was studied. Under 222-nm irradiation in the presence of H₂O₂, the degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.16 ± 0.01 min⁻¹. Dual-wavelength UV irradiation with both KrCl and XeBr excilamps exhibited a synergistic effect. When exposed to e-beam irradiation with a pulse number of up to 1600 pulses and a repetition rate of 1 Hz, CV decolorization was recorded even without the addition of oxidizing agents. <em>E</em>-beam irradiation caused the accumulation and subsequent destruction of intermediate products absorbing in the range of 350–450 nm. The toxicity of aqueous CV solutions subjected to e-beam irradiation was assessed with the use of a phytotest method. A comparative analysis of UV and e-beam irradiation showed that the latter provided a comparable or higher CV conversion efficiency compared to 10-min UV treatment. The findings confirmed the prospects of using KrCl/H₂O₂ and e-beam irradiation methods for dye removal from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationally designed bifunctional covalent organic polymers for broad-spectrum-driven photothermal catalytic Cr(VI) reduction and iodine capture","authors":"Gu-Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Heng Su,&nbsp;Yu-Hui Luo,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xue-Meng Jia,&nbsp;Dong-En Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, two new covalent organic polymers (COPs), namely TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP, were successfully synthesized using a one-pot solvothermal method (CTP-6-CHO = hexa(4-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, TAPA = tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, TAPD = N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine). Both TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP exhibit broad spectral absorption across the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared region, enabling efficient solar energy utilization. Under simulated sunlight, the surface temperatures of TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP powder rapidly reached 229.0 °C and 263.5 °C within 60 s, respectively. The temperatures of TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP dispersions (0.33 mg mL⁻¹) can also rise from room temperature to 55.1 °C and 61.5 °C under simulated sunlight, achieving photothermal conversion efficiencies of 45.3% and 65.4%, respectively. Furthermore, TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP show promise for photothermal-assisted photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). In particular, TAPD-CTP showed 96.0% removal of Cr(VI) in 8 min with no sacrificial agents, giving a high reaction rate constant of 0.402 min⁻¹. In addition, owing to the abundant nitrogen sites and conjugated groups in their frameworks, both TAPA-CTP and TAPD-CTP exhibit outstanding iodine adsorption capacities of 2.51 and 3.87 g g⁻¹, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the design and synthesis of metal-free functional materials for the efficient removal of hazardous pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of rare-earth-free Ba3Gd2WO9:Mn4+ phosphor with excellent responsiveness to phytochrome PFR for the indoor plant cultivation","authors":"Zhengrong Xia ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Wang Zhao ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingjun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance and non-rare-earth deep-red-emitting phosphor is of great significance for indoor plant cultivation. In this research, a novel kind of double perovskite Ba₃Gd₂WO₉:Mn⁴⁺ phosphor is synthesized through high-temperature solid-state method. Its electronic band and crystal structure, as well as luminescence properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure phase and successful incorporation of Mn⁴⁺ into the Ba₃Gd₂WO₉ lattice. Under NUV excitation, the emission spectra exhibited an intense far-red emission peak at 690 nm, attributed to the (Wu et al., 2019) ²E_g → ⁴A_2g transition of Mn⁴⁺. The optimal doping concentration of Mn⁴⁺ is 0.004, and the primary quenching mechanism was identified to be electric dipole-dipole interactions between Mn⁴⁺ ions. Crystal field analysis revealed that Mn⁴⁺ is located in a strong octahedral field in Ba₃Gd₂WO₉, with a <em>D</em>_q/<em>B</em> value of 2.48. Finally, far-red LED device was fabricated using Ba₃Gd₂WO₉:0.004Mn⁴⁺ phosphor, and its electroluminescent spectrum showed a large overlap with the absorption spectrum of phytochrome P_FR, indicating its potential application for indoor plant growth illumination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting power conversion efficiency in donor-acceptor pairs for organic solar cells using machine learning ensemble models","authors":"Kapil Dev Mahato","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful approach for accelerating the design of efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) by correlating molecular features with device performance. However, predictive modeling of power conversion efficiency (PCE) remains challenging due to the small size and heterogeneity of available experimental datasets. In this study, we propose a robust and data-efficient ensemble learning framework for accurately predicting PCE in donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular pairs. A dataset of 319 experimentally derived D-A combinations, containing key electronic and molecular descriptors, was employed to develop five regression models: Fine Tree (FT), Medium Tree (MT), Coarse Tree (CT), Bagged Tree (BGT), and Boosted Tree (BST). Among the models examined, the BST ensemble outperformed the others, achieving an R² of 88.75%, a minimum MAE of 0.522, and an RMSE of 0.725 for validation, as well as an R² of 85.26%, a minimum MAE of 0.549, and an RMSE of 0.734 for testing. The proposed framework integrates SMILES-derived molecular fingerprints with ensemble learning to capture complex, nonlinear interactions between donor and acceptor features, enabling the reliable estimation of efficiency even with limited data. This work highlights that data-driven ensemble approaches can serve as accurate and computationally economical methods for estimating the physical/chemical properties of OSC. The outcomes are expected to enable researchers to conduct rapid screening and develop next-generation OSC materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rb3BiBr6 single crystals featured with suppressed self-trapped excitons emission at room temperature for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution in aqueous HBr solution","authors":"Qingkun Kong ,&nbsp;Shuhui Hu ,&nbsp;Zongxin Huang ,&nbsp;Yanhu Wang ,&nbsp;Siping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bi-based perovskite as a new-type photocatalytic material holds promise to implement the solar-H₂ conversion, but the strong self-trapped excitons emission of Bi-based perovskite exhibit interior recombination of photo-generated carriers due to electron-phonon coupling. Herein, Rb₃BiBr₆ single crystals (SCs) which is composed of multiple pieces are synthesized, demonstrating efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous HBr solution, at room temperature and without the use of noble metal or metal oxide. At low temperature, Rb₃BiBr₆ SCs exhibit dual PL emission at 440 nm (free excitons) and 570 nm (self-trapped excitons), respectively. At room temperature, self-trapped excitons emission can be suppressed and Rb₃BiBr₆ SCs only show free excitons emission at 440 nm due to the reduce of electron-phonon coupling. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that Rb₃BiBr₆ SCs exhibit ultrafast hot-carrier relaxation (∼1 ps), revealing the efficient separation of electrons and holes. This work proposes a facile and versatile tactic to construct a low-cost Rb₃BiBr₆ for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic photothermal antibacterial of peroxidase-like Cu2O/g-C3N4/palygorskite composite","authors":"Cuicui Liang ,&nbsp;Na Huang ,&nbsp;Fei Zha ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Guo ,&nbsp;Yue Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/palygorskite composites (Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL) were prepared via a pyrolysis-adsorption-pyrolysis method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV–vis DRS, and PL spectroscopy determination indicates that incorporation of palygorskite with g-C₃N₄ and Cu₂O increases the electron density on the Cu₂O surface to promote efficient charge separation and transfer. The photothermal conversion efficiency of 20%Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL (20%, mass of Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄ in Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL) is 18.17%. Quenching experiments and steady-state kinetic analysis prove Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL is a peroxidase-like enzyme with good ·O₂⁻ generation capacity to enhance the H₂O₂ decomposition efficiency into reactive oxygen species. DFT calculation of the surface merit functions shows g-C₃N₄ reduces the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Thus, under near-infrared light irradiation at 35 °C in low concentrated H₂O₂, the antibacterial rates of 20%Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> are 99.99% and 98.97%, respectively. EPR detection and oxidation of glutathione propose antibacterial mechanism catalyzed by Cu₂O/g-C₃N₄/PAL has a triple-action including photothermal sterilization, photo-enzyme catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ to generate ROS, and the disruption to bacterial redox balance through glutathione depletion. The study offers a promising strategy for developing low-temperature, synergistic antibacterial platforms by integrating clay minerals with semiconductor heterojunctions, effectively addressing challenges such as bacterial resistance and the inefficiency of single-modal therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of anions on the photodegradation of antiviral drug: Comparative analysis of photocatalysts efficiency and a kinetic study","authors":"Humam Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ewa Felis","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The susceptibility to photodegradation of antiviral drug, isoprinosine (IPN), at ambient conditions in milli-Q and in tap water was studied in the presence of selected inorganic anions (SO₄⁻², Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and CO₃⁻²), as the main components of inorganic environmental matrices as well as real surface water without additional ions were introduced, as surface water naturally contains dissolved inorganic species. The study was performed with 2.0 mg/L concentration of IPN with solar light irradiance (500 W/m²) using TiO₂-P25, ZnO, and SnO₂ as photocatalysts, with IPN quantified by HPLC at 260 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of IPN followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. In Milli-Q water, the highest degradation rate constant 0.0334 min⁻¹ (R² = 0.8875 min⁻¹) was recorded using 20.0 mg/L of pure TiO₂ in the presence of NO₃⁻ ion (50.0 mg/L), while in tap water, TiO₂ exhibited enhanced activity in the presence of SO₄⁻² ions (0.0481 min⁻¹, R² = 0.9862). Complete removal of IPN was achieved using pure TiO₂ in the presence of CO₃⁻² in both milli-Q and tap water. SnO₂ showed limited photocatalytic activity, 25%, 21%, and 29% after 2 h in the presence of Cl⁻, CO₃⁻², and SO₄⁻² ions, respectively in milli-Q water except NO₃⁻ ions. It is likely due to its wide band gap and charge carrier recombination. While in surface water, ZnO exhibited the highest degradation efficiency (<em>k</em>t = 0.0053 min⁻¹, R² = 0.9272). Mineralization assessment based on total organic carbon analysis revealed partial organic carbon removal, indicating the formation of transformation products under the investigated conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}