Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献

{"title":"UVB enhances SLC6A15-mediated phenylalanine transport to promote melanogenesis","authors":"Shu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yujie Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yibo Hu ,&nbsp;Xixia Dai ,&nbsp;Ling Jiang ,&nbsp;Chuhan Fu ,&nbsp;Yaqing Wen ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Huang ,&nbsp;Keyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Qinghai Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Abnormal melanogenesis is a fundamental biological process underlying pigmentary disorders. While several solute carrier (SLC) transporters have been implicated in its regulation, the functions of many SLCs members remain poorly characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We delineated transcriptional features of melanocytes with high melanogenic activity using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. Key SLC genes associated with melanogenesis were identified and prioritized using machine learning and Mendelian randomization analyses, followed by in vitro functional validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Integrated multi-omics analysis identified SLC6A15 as a potential regulator of melanogenesis. SLC6A15 knockdown in MNT1 cells and primary melanocytes reduced melanin synthesis and downregulated key melanogenesis-related genes (e.g., MITF, TYR, DCT). Fontana–Masson staining and tyrosinase activity assays confirmed a marked decrease in melanin deposition and TYR activity in SLC6A15-depleted cells. UVB exposure upregulated SLC6A15, whereas SLC6A15 silencing abrogated the UVB-induced increase in pigmentation. Mechanistically, SLC6A15 knockdown reduced intracellular phenylalanine levels, indicating a role for SLC6A15-mediated phenylalanine transport in melanogenesis. Mendelian randomization further suggested that genetically higher phenylalanine levels are associated with an increased risk of melasma (OR = 6.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings identify SLC6A15 as a potential key regulator of melanogenesis through the transport of phenylalanine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond laser and bee venom as promising anti-arthritic treatments: Modulation of JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in vivo","authors":"Jihad M. El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Sally M. Khadrawy ,&nbsp;Hanaa M. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Magdy Sayed Aly ,&nbsp;Abdelwahab Khalil ,&nbsp;Dina Sabry ,&nbsp;Tarek Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition characterized by joint degradation and systemic manifestations, which increase the risk of mortality and disability. This study compared the effects of bee venom (BV; subcutaneously administered at 1 mg/kg) and femtosecond laser irradiation (FSL; 830 nm wavelength, 200 mW power, 120 s exposure time, 0.8 cm² beam area with a 0.5 cm radius, 0.25 W/cm² power density, and 30 J/cm² energy dose), either individually or in combination, on arthritic rats. Forty-two adult male Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups. Groups 1–3 served as the negative control, BV, and FSL groups, respectively, while group 4 functioned as the arthritic model group that received 100 μL/rat of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the right hind paw. Groups 5–7 included arthritic rats treated with BV, FSL, or their combination, respectively. Histological examination of RA development, showing synovitis, cellular infiltration, and cartilage degeneration. Treatment with BV injections and FSL irradiation significantly reduced right hind paw edema, improved histological abnormalities, and reduced serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF), alongside decreased tissue expressions of TNF-α, NF-KB, and IL-6 in the affected ankle joints. Moreover, both treatments mitigated oxidative stress, reduced DNA damage, and regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Collectively, FSL, either alone or in combination with BV, demonstrated a superior capacity for cartilage regeneration and tissue repair. This highlights BV and FSL as a promising RA therapy, addressing underlying mechanisms beyond symptom relief.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of Ectoine and its derivatives for skin-whitening, antioxidant, and UV-protective activities","authors":"Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Lulu Chen ,&nbsp;Yanmin Wang ,&nbsp;Meimei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanru Fan ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Qipeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ectoine (<strong>2b</strong>), a derivative of diamino acids, is widely acknowledged for its solute compatibility and finds extensive application in the formulation of cleaning products and cosmetics. At present, the production of ectoine predominantly depends on costly biotechnological fermentation methods. This study explores a novel method for the chemical synthesis of ectoine and its derivatives (<strong>2a</strong>-<strong>2e</strong>), employing diamino acid derivatives as starting materials, which achieved an impressive maximum yield of 98.18 %. The biological activities of these compounds, encompassing antioxidant, skin-whitening, and UV-protective effects, were systematically assessed. The results indicate that compounds <strong>2a</strong> and <strong>2b</strong> demonstrate comparable skin-whitening, antioxidant, and UV-protect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145863214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vachellia gummifera (Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr. mitigates UVA-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes","authors":"Hassan Annaz ,&nbsp;Paola Imbimbo ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.O. Abdelfattah ,&nbsp;Ismail Mahdi ,&nbsp;Nidal Fahsi ,&nbsp;Badreddine Drissi ,&nbsp;Nawal Merghoub ,&nbsp;Daria Maria Monti ,&nbsp;Mansour Sobeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vachellia gummifera</em> (Willd.) Kyal. &amp; Boatwr. (formerly known as <em>Acacia gummifera</em>) is a thorny, flowering plant endemic to Morocco. It was selected due to the limited research on its potential skin-protective properties, despite other species of the same genus being traditionally used to treat various skin ailments. In this study we annotated the phytochemical profile of its aqueous leaf extract using HPLC-MS/MS and evaluated its skin protective potential through <em>in vitro</em> assays, including antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. Additionally, we assessed its protective potential against UVA-induced oxidative stress in immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), along with the underlying signaling pathways. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 48 metabolites, mainly flavonoids and their glycosides. The extract exhibited <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activities with IC₅₀ values of 30.96 ± 2.10 and 232.33 ± 8.40 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, and a FRAP activity of 8.42 ± 0.52 mM FeSO₄/g extract. It also demonstrated moderate anti-tyrosinase properties with an IC₅₀ value of 369.23 ± 12.01 μg/mL. <em>In silico</em> analyses of most of the identified compounds did not predict any skin sensitization. Accordingly, when tested on HaCaT cells up to 400 μg/mL, the extract showed no cytotoxic effects, suggesting its biocompatibility. Cells pre-treated with the extract effectively mitigated UVA-induced cellular damage, as it significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species production and glutathione depletion, measured by DCFDA and DTNB assays, respectively. Furthermore, the extract modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inhibiting UVA-induced phosphorylation of p38. Finally, a molecular docking analyses identified citric acid, hydroxycinnamic acid pentosyl hexoside and myricetin malonyl hexoside as the enzymes exhibiting the highest binding affinity towards tyrosinase. These findings suggest that <em>V. gummifera</em> possesses promising antioxidant and anti-aging properties, with potential applications in skin care and photoprotection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined photobiomodulation therapy ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease via modulation of immune pathways and gut microbiota","authors":"Lee So Maeng ,&nbsp;Jung Hwan Yoon ,&nbsp;Bom Yee Chung ,&nbsp;Kyung Jin Seo ,&nbsp;Hae Kyung Lee ,&nbsp;Moon Gyu Chung ,&nbsp;Won Sang Park ,&nbsp;Hiun Suk Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are chronic conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Current treatments are costly and not universally effective. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of refined photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy by addressing limitations in light delivery and its impact on gut microbiota using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PBM therapy was administered using an 830 nm infrared LED with optimized light delivery protocols, including abdominal hair removal and a four-directional irradiation approach. DSS-induced colitis was established in mice, and therapeutic efficacy was assessed through histological analysis, transcriptomic profiling, immune marker expression, and gut microbiota diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PBM therapy significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, crypt damage, and ulceration (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Colon length was restored, and disease activity index scores were reduced (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Transcriptomic profiling revealed modulation of inflammatory pathways, including downregulation of NF-κB signaling and apoptosis-related genes. PBM decreased neutrophil activity (MPO levels) and immune cell marker expression while promoting gut microbiota richness (Chao1 index, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). PBM-treated mice exhibited altered microbial composition with increased abundance of protective taxa such as Bacteroides.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Refined PBM therapy effectively alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating immune responses and gut microbiota composition. These findings highlight PBM as a promising non-invasive strategy for IBD management, warranting further translational studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of ROS dynamics based on dissolved oxygen sensing in upconversion nanoparticle-based photodynamic therapy","authors":"Esmaeil Heydari ,&nbsp;Sepideh Delavari ,&nbsp;Motahareh Jafarpour ,&nbsp;Kamal Hajisharifi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Moeini ,&nbsp;Ahmet Erdem ,&nbsp;Hossein Zare-Behtash ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Razzaghi ,&nbsp;Gongxun Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment approach that relies on the localized generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate cancer cells. In particular, the nanophotonic approach based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offers a key advantage by enabling the use of near-infrared (NIR) light, which enhances light penetration into tissue and expands clinical applicability of PDT. Real-time monitoring of ROS generation and degradation during the PDT process offers distinct advantages over conventional endpoint assays for elucidating PDT mechanisms, optimizing photosensitizer (PS) formulations and refining treatment protocols.</div><div>In this study, we not only distinguish and quantify the relative contribution of NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ UC nano-antennas, Rose Bengal (RB) PS, NIR activation laser, and culture medium in UCNP-based PDT for the first time via real-time ROS analysis using dissolved oxygen (DO) data which cannot be achieved by endpoint assays but also introduce new and insightful concepts such as medium activation time (FWHM), maximum PL lifetime change (Δτ_max), and time to reach the maximum PL lifetime change ₍τ_max). This is realized by implementation of a 3D-printed optofluidic dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor for indirect analysis of ROS dynamics which infer from changes in the sensor's photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (τ).</div><div>Thus, performance and optimum concentrations of NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ UCNPs and RB PS are first determined via MTT assays using A375 melanoma cells, and subsequent in-vitro PDT tests using a 980 nm laser. Quantitative analyses show that, UCNPs, RB, and the cell culture medium contribute approximately 25 %, 26 %, and 4 % to the total Δτ respectively. The maximum performance occurs when all components are present and activated, resulting in the highest ROS level with the longest activation time. Interestingly, even laser excitation of the medium alone or UCNPs without PS results in partial ROS generation. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing UCNP-based PDT drugs for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of wavelength, fluence, irradiance, and irradiation mode of visible light on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells","authors":"Tianxiu Lu,&nbsp;Diya Shen,&nbsp;Yu Tian,&nbsp;Zihao Zheng,&nbsp;Fusheng Li,&nbsp;Qiuyi Han,&nbsp;Shanduan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-fluence visible light (VL) has been reported to induce cutaneous pigmentation similarly to ultraviolet radiation. However, VL is a polychromatic light composed of different wavelengths. More experimental studies are required to elucidate the effects of VL parameters on melanin synthesis. In this study, using murine B16F10 melanoma cells as an in vitro model, we systematically investigated how wavelength, fluence, irradiance and irradiation mode jointly determine the melanogenic response to VL. We revealed that 448 nm blue light stimulated melanogenesis, whereas 560–733 nm light globally suppressed it, with 595 nm yellow light exhibiting the strongest inhibition. Furthermore, a biphasic response was observed: both 560 nm and 595 nm yellow light inhibited melanogenesis at 3–12 J/cm² but markedly enhanced it at 48 J/cm². 595 nm light suppressed melanin synthesis at 5–20 mW/cm², yet switched to stimulation at ≥ 40 mW/cm². Additionally, our results suggested that the 595 nm pulsed PBM (3000 Hz, 40 %–80 % duty cycle) outperformed continuous PBM, whereas the 20 % duty cycle (with a peak irradiance of 25 mW/cm²) abolished the inhibitory effect, indicating that high irradiance activates pro-melanogenic defense pathways. Experimental data indicated that these differences arise primarily from the distinct effects of light parameters on tyrosinase activity and the mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. In conclusion, the regulatory effect of VL on melanogenesis is dependent on the selection of these parameters. These data provide an experimental basis for optimizing LED phototherapy parameters and support subsequent in-depth mechanistic studies in human cutaneous melanocytes. In the future, optimized VL parameters may balance the efficacy and safety of phototherapy in skin disorders caused by pigmentation dysregulation, such as vitiligo and melasma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selaginella Tamariscina extract reduces UVA-induced skin photodamage via regulating apoptosis and autophagy by AKT phosphorylation","authors":"Nan Zhao,&nbsp;Xiandong Zhou,&nbsp;Zhiwei Li,&nbsp;Ling Liang,&nbsp;Jinjing Bao,&nbsp;Xueyi Chen,&nbsp;Peng Shu,&nbsp;Jiangming Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly in the UVA spectrum (320–400 nm), induces significant damage to both dermal and epidermal layers of skin, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering apoptotic pathways that compromise skin health. <em>Selaginella tamariscina</em> (P. Beauv.), a traditional medicinal plant widely used throughout Asia, contains numerous flavonoid compounds with recognized therapeutic value in Chinese medicine. Through comprehensive molecular analyses including Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that the <em>Selaginella tamariscina</em> (P. Beauv.) extract (STE) significantly reduces UVA-induced apoptosis while simultaneously activating protective autophagic responses. Mechanistically, STE modulates AKT phosphorylation to regulate two critical downstream pathways: (1) the JNK-mediated apoptotic cascade and (2) the AKT/mTOR autophagic axis. In vivo experiments revealed that topical STE application provided substantial protection against UVA-induced photodamage in murine dorsal skin models. Liquid chromatography analysis identified amentoflavone as the principal bioactive component responsible for these protective properties. These findings collectively establish STE as a promising therapeutic agent against UVA photodamage, functioning through its dual capacity to attenuate apoptosis while promoting cytoprotective autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy and argon laser treatment of white spot lesions: Effects on enamel remineralization and orthodontic bracket bond strength","authors":"Abdullah A. Alnazeh ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdullah Kamran ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Alshahrani ,&nbsp;Orjuwan Mohammed Amer ,&nbsp;Raniya Alhmedai Kalaf Anzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Effect of different prophylactic regimes, i.e., Fluoride, Methylene blue (MB) activated photodynamic therapy (PDT), Argon laser, and photopolymerized resin infiltration, on the <strong>microhardness (MH)</strong>, calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio, bracket-enamel interface, and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic adhesive adhered to demineralized enamel.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>One hundred twenty-five premolars were obtained and disinfected. The buccal surface was coated with acid-resistant varnish, creating a 4 × 6-mm area uncovered for bracket bonding and MH testing. Artificial enamel demineralization mimicking white spot lesion (WSL) was developed, and specimens were allocated into five groups based on prophylactic regimes (<em>n</em> = 25): Group 1 (No pretreatment), Group 2 (Fluoride), Group 3 (MB-PS+ Diode Activation), Group 4 (Argon laser), and Group 5 (photopolymerized resin infiltration). Five samples from each group underwent MH assessment and EDX evaluation for Ca/P ratio. 15 samples per group were bonded with orthodontic brackets and thermocycled. Enamel orthodontic bracket interface assessment was performed using scanning electron microscope(<em>n</em> = 5). SBS testing was executed using universal testing machine(<em>n</em> = 10). Debonded samples were examined according to Adhesive Remnant Index. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey were utilized for intergroup comparisons (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group 5- photopolymerized resin infiltration-treated groups presented the highest MH scores (273.45 ± 35.26) and maximum SBS (9.52 ± 0.92 MP). Whereas Group 3 (MB-PS-Diode Activation) displayed the lowest outcomes of MH (135.31 ± 32.11) and minimum bond integrity (5.23 ± 0.71 MPa). In terms of MH scores and SBS, the Argon laser was comparable to resin infiltration (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both modalities, photopolymerized resin infiltration and argon laser, can be recommended as effective prophylactic regimens before bonding orthodontic brackets to demineralized enamel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-C mediated regulation of key biosynthetic genes for higher accumulation of pharmacologically significant bioactive secondary metabolites in friable callus cultures of Ferula assa-foetida","authors":"Khushbu Kumari ,&nbsp;Kiran Devi ,&nbsp;Anish Kaachra ,&nbsp;Sudesh Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Rohit Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant <em>Ferula assa-foetida</em> <!-->belongs to the Apiaceae<!--> <!-->family and contains<!--> <!-->oleo-gum resin, which is particularly rich in<!--> <!-->phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes.<!--> <!-->Due to its bioactive<!--> <!-->constituents, <em>F. assa-foetida</em> <!-->holds considerable potential<!--> <!-->as a source of pharmacologically relevant<!--> <!-->compounds, primarily developing chemopreventive agents. Despite its recognized therapeutic value,<!--> <!-->the species remains<!--> <!-->underexplored at the<!--> <!-->biochemical and biotechnological levels.<!--> <!-->Therefore, this study establishes,<!--> <!-->for the first<!--> <!-->time, a UV-C-mediated<!--> <em>in vitro</em> elicitation strategy<!--> <!-->to enhance secondary metabolite<!--> <!-->production in <em>F.<!--> <!-->assa-foetida</em> callus under<!--> <!-->light and dark conditions at 15 °C<!--> <!-->and 25 °C. Results<!--> <!-->showed that the maximum<!--> <!-->phenolic content (147.53 ± 1.10 μg/mg)<!--> <!-->was recorded at<!--> <!-->25 °C in the dark with a<!--> <!-->UV-C dose of 8.95 kJ/m² <!-->on day 7,<!--> <!-->whereas flavonoid content (330.57 ± 0.75 μg/mg) was maximum<!--> <!-->at 15 °C in the<!--> <!-->dark with UV-C<!--> <!-->on day 7. Non-targeted qualitative profiling using LC-MS showed<!--> <!-->enhanced accumulation of<!--> <!-->coumaric acid, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-methylumbelliferone, <em>trans</em>-ferulic acid,<!--> <!-->flavonol, and theophylline in<!--> <!-->callus grown after<!--> <!-->exposure to UV-C.<!--> <!-->The highest accumulation of <em>trans</em>-ferulic acid<!--> <!-->and related metabolites<!--> <!-->occurred at 25 °C in the dark with UV-C, while flavonol<!--> <!-->and coumaric acid<!--> <!-->were elevated at 15 °C in the dark with UV-C. Furthermore, qRT-PCR<!--> <!-->analysis revealed differential<!--> <!-->expression of <em>phenylalanine<!--> <!-->ammonia-lyase</em> (<em>PAL1</em>), <em>chalcone-flavanone isomerase</em> <!-->(<em>CHI</em>), <em>terpene synthase</em> (<em>TPS12</em>),<!--> <em>somatic embryogenesis receptor-like<!--> <!-->kinase</em> (<em>SERK 2</em>), <em>wuschel</em> (<em>WUS4</em>),<!--> <!-->and <em>cup-shaped cotyledon</em> (<em>CUC3</em>) genes. Therefore, our findings indicate that<!--> <!-->the combined influence<!--> <!-->of photoperiod and UV-C<!--> <!-->exposure can significantly enhance<!--> <!-->the metabolic activity<!--> <!-->of <em>Ferula assa-foetida</em>,<!--> <!-->highlighting its capacity for commercial-scale production of<!--> <!-->bioactive secondary metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 113348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145863292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}