Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献

{"title":"UVA1 exposures change gene expression and circadian time-related protein CRY2 in human skin","authors":"Annina Haapasalo ,&nbsp;Olivia Liong ,&nbsp;Juha Jernman ,&nbsp;Lasse Ylianttila ,&nbsp;Erna Snellman ,&nbsp;Rafael Pasternack ,&nbsp;Timo Partonen ,&nbsp;Piia Karisola","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The molecular effects involved in the cellular response to ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) exposures in human skin are incompletely understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of low-dose UVA1 exposures in human skin in vivo by observing especially the contribution of diurnal preference and circadian clock-related genes and proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy volunteers (<em>n</em> = 21) were exposed to a cumulative dose of 30 J/cm² of UVA1 (340–400 nm) or 0.42 J/cm² of violet light (390–440 nm, <em>n</em> = 20). Immunohistochemistry, transcriptomics, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), gene enrichment analyses, and cellular deconvolution were performed from buttock skin samples at the start and after three days of consecutive morning exposures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UVA1 exposures significantly increased CRY2 and P53 protein staining in the IHC and yielded 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in melanogenesis (<em>Pmel, Tyr, Tyrp1</em>), cytotoxic protection (<em>Aldh3a2/a1, Cdk7, Nampt, Bcl2a1, Ackr4, Rpa3, Ube2q2</em>) and circadian rhythm (<em>Csnk1e, Nampt</em>) in the skin compared to unexposed skin samples. RT-qPCR was performed for <em>Aldh3a1, Aldh3a2, Tyr, Tyrp1</em> and <em>Nampt</em> to strengthen the transcriptomic results. No DEGs were found when exploring the underlying adipose tissue or the violet light-exposed group. In cellular deconvolution analysis, the fraction of eosinophils and M0 macrophages was increased after UVA1 exposures, with M0 macrophages especially among morning-types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low-dose UVA1 exposures caused changes in gene expression, P53 and CRY2 protein production, and cell type fractions in the skin, but the effects did not reach the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Since the solar UVR dominates in UVA, it is essential to continue to protect the skin from harmful solar agents, regardless of the diurnal preference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green light alone sustains the complete soybean life cycle","authors":"Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Zichen Guo ,&nbsp;Gengxue Wu ,&nbsp;Jianqiu Guo ,&nbsp;Bingjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanlei Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green light has a high proportion and plays a crucial yet poorly understood role in plant compared to other light spectra. This study investigated the effects of green light on soybean morphogenesis using physiological, transcriptomic, and cytological analyses, discovering that green light alone is sufficient to sustain the complete soybean life cycle. Under green light, soybeans synthesized chlorophyll and carotenoids, developed expanded cotyledons, and exhibited shortened hypocotyls. Anatomical changes included horizontal hypocotyl growth, uniform palisade tissue distribution, and reduced spongy mesophyll. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 876 upregulated and 283 downregulated, implicating green light in signal transduction, photosynthesis, chloroplast function, hormone signaling, and metabolism. Key genes such as <em>GmELIP1a/b</em>, <em>GmPsbS</em>, <em>GmPSY</em>, <em>GmAHA11</em>, and <em>GmUDPG</em> were induced, while auxin-related genes (<em>GmIAA13</em>, <em>GmARF8</em>, <em>GmAUX1</em>) were suppressed, corroborating reduced auxin levels in apical tissues. These findings demonstrate that green light acts as both an energy source and a developmental signal, advancing our understanding of its role in photomorphogenesis and providing insights for future research on green light-responsive genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoprotection from UV light-induced telomere shortening and DNA damage by a broad-spectrum sunscreen","authors":"D. Hernández-Silva ,&nbsp;M. Matabuena ,&nbsp;A. Guío-Carrión ,&nbsp;J. Aguilera ,&nbsp;A. Martín ,&nbsp;D. Megias ,&nbsp;D. Mínguez ,&nbsp;A.L. Demessant-Flavigny ,&nbsp;I. Castillejo ,&nbsp;F. Bernerd ,&nbsp;L. Prieto ,&nbsp;M.A. Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to photoaging and skin cancer by causing DNA damage and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also induces telomere shortening, a key factor in cellular aging. However, no studies have investigated whether sunscreen can prevent short-term telomere shortening caused by UV exposure to human skin.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We have examined whether the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen product can protect at the telomere level from the harmful effects of UV light.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human keratinocytes and a 3D skin model were exposed to 10 J/cm² of solar-simulated UV radiation under three conditions: non-exposed, exposed, and exposed with broad-spectrum sunscreen. DNA damage, assessed by γH2AX levels, was measured at 30 min and 24 h post-irradiation. Telomere length was evaluated by high-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (HT Q-FISH) at 24 h post-irradiation. Histological analysis of 3D skin samples was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining to assess tissue integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A decrease in cell number, increased DNA damage, and telomere shortening, accompanied by a higher proportion of critically short telomeres, were observed in UV-exposed keratinocytes and reconstructed human skin following exposure to 10 J/cm² of solar-simulated UV radiation. The 3D skin architecture was also compromised, showing loss of keratinocytes spatial organization, evidence of epidermal cell death, and significant dermal thinning. However, cells and 3D skin samples protected with a broad-spectrum sunscreen remained comparable to non-exposed controls, showing no detectable structural or molecular alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide initial evidence that a broad-spectrum sunscreen product can mitigate UV-induced telomere shortening and DNA double-strand damage (DSBs), thereby preventing photodamage associated with solar exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal medicine-derived carbon quantum dots in thermosensitive hydrogel: A multifunctional therapeutic strategy for UVB-induced photodamage","authors":"Chenqi Guo ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxi Li ,&nbsp;Chunjing Song ,&nbsp;Xiujun Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overexposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which accelerates collagen degradation and skin aging. Current strategies for managing photodamage mainly focus on sun protection and skin repair; however, comprehensive therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Herbal medicine-derived materials have shown great promise in combating photodamage. Modified Qing'e Formula (MQEF) has demonstrated the ability to treat photodamage by restoring redox homeostasis and is considered an effective anti-photodamage herbal remedy. However, the traditional oral decoction limits its application in topical treatments. In this study, we synthesized novel multifunctional carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using MQEF as a precursor (MQEF-CQDs). These CQDs exhibit superior antioxidant capacity compared to traditional herbal extracts and show no significant toxicity to HaCaT cells, indicating good biocompatibility and potential for skin drug delivery. Furthermore, MQEF-CQDs were incorporated into a thermosensitive hydrogel to form a MQEF-CQDs-hydrogel (MQEF-CQDs-gel) dressing, which is better suited for external use. This hydrogel displays temperature, pH, and rheological properties that align with the skin's physiological environment, along with dual functions of antimicrobial and restorative actions. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that MQEF-CQDs and MQEF-CQDs-gel mitigate UVB-induced photodamage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and collagen degradation-inhibition pathways. Additionally, MQEF-CQDs-gel significantly reduces skin damage, promotes the reconstruction of the epidermal structure, and restores damaged collagen fibers. These findings indicate that MQEF-CQDs represent a promising pathway for the green and sustainable production of herbal-based medicines, with broad industrial applications and as a potent candidate for photodamage treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Er:YAG (λ2940nm) microablation of supragingival biofilm in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances","authors":"Luiz G.P. Soares ,&nbsp;Ana Flávia A. Sérgio ,&nbsp;Anna Paula L.T. da Silva ,&nbsp;Iago P.F. Nunes ,&nbsp;Fernando Antônio L. Habib ,&nbsp;Antônio Luiz B. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Er:YAG laser in controlling supragingival biofilm in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In this randomized, single-session, pre-post intervention study, the sample consisted of 18 individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins Center for Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, FOUFBA. The Er:YAG laser (λ2940 nm, 0.8 W, 20 Hz, ED = 0.16 J/cm², <em>t</em> = 30s) was applied to the cervical region of the right mandibular lateral incisor, at an average distance of 10 mm from the tooth surface. The collections occurred before the intervention (Control Group) and after irradiation with Er:YAG (Laser Group). The samples were inoculated in Petri dishes for visual counting of colony-forming units (CFU). After tabulation and logarithmic transformation of the data obtained, the ANOVA test (General Linear Model) was applied to verify the existence of a significant difference between the groups. Results showed that the logarithmic means of the Control and Laser Groups' CFU count were 5.08 ± 0.71 and 3.04 ± 0.88, respectively. The group comparison showed a significant decrease (ANOVA, F = 58.43; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with a 99% reduction in CFU. In conclusion, Er:YAG laser microablation quickly reduces biofilm in orthodontic patients, offering a promising adjunct to conventional hygiene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of synergistic effects of carvacrol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles and visible light on mixed biofilms of Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Fahimeh Alizadeh,&nbsp;Alireza Khodavandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treating biofilm-associated infections is considerably more challenging in the presence of polymicrobial communities comprising bacterial and fungal species. This underscores the need for innovative therapeutic strategies.</div><div>This study evaluated the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory efficacy of carvacrol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CAR@BSANPs) against single- and mixed-species biofilms of <em>Candida tropicalis</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, both alone and in combination with visible light. We assessed antimicrobial photodynamic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in planktonic cells and biofilms. Then, we validated the results <em>in vivo</em> using a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> infection model. We performed survival analysis, measured haemocyte density, examined immune gene expression, and determined microbial burden.</div><div>CAR@BSANPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and ROS-generating activities, particularly under visible light exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of <em>HWP1</em>, <em>LASR</em>, and <em>PELA</em>, as well as upregulation of <em>TUP1</em>. <em>In vivo</em>, the combined treatment significantly improved larval survival, increased haemocyte density, upregulated <em>gallerimycin</em> and <em>cecropin</em>, and decreased microbial load.</div><div>Overall, these findings suggest that CAR@BSANPs combined with visible light are an effective nanotherapeutic approach for overcoming biofilm-associated resistance in single- and mixed-species infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the influence of low-level laser therapy on cellular and standard proteins by light emitting diode -induced autofluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"Shanmukha Sreeya Devarakonda ,&nbsp;Shaik Basha ,&nbsp;Ameera K ,&nbsp;Anshuman Mishra ,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra ,&nbsp;Krishna Kishore Mahato","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) is widely reported to influence cellular function through light-induced biochemical signaling; however, the contribution of direct protein–photon interactions to PBM-associated optical responses remains insufficiently understood. The current study investigated whether PBM-relevant wavelengths can modulate intrinsic protein autofluorescence independent of cellular photoreceptors. Purified human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen were irradiated with 632.8 nm and 830 nm lasers using fluences selected to preserve protein photostability. Autofluorescence spectroscopy was performed under ultraviolet excitation to assess wavelength- and dose-dependent changes in intrinsic fluorophore emission. In parallel, SH-SY5Y cells were irradiated under comparable conditions, followed by protein extraction, SDS-PAGE, and fluorescence fingerprinting. Both purified proteins exhibited significant modulation of autofluorescence intensity without detectable spectral shifts, indicating preservation of the local fluorophore environment and absence of gross conformational denaturation. HSA displayed a dose-dependent biphasic response characterized by fluorescence enhancement at lower fluences and attenuation at higher doses, whereas fibrinogen showed predominantly fluorescence quenching, with a partial biphasic trend observed only under near-infrared irradiation. In contrast, cellular protein extracts demonstrated a largely monotonic decrease in autofluorescence intensity with increasing irradiation dose, despite preserved electrophoretic profiles. These findings demonstrate that PBM wavelengths can directly influence intrinsic protein photophysics in a protein-specific manner, independent of cellular signaling pathways. While such direct light–protein interactions may contribute to baseline optical changes observed during PBM, the distinct responses observed in cellular systems highlight the critical role of cellular organization in shaping functional PBM outcomes. This work provides experimental evidence supporting a protein-level component in PBM-associated optical responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of LED light on fecundity of the Spodoptera frugiperda via the regulation of VgR","authors":"Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Dai ,&nbsp;Xitao Luo ,&nbsp;Junyan Luo ,&nbsp;Yihui Wu ,&nbsp;Guangxu Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Zhong ,&nbsp;Bin Xia ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>) is a well-known pest that causes significant economic losses worldwide. Light is a crucial external factor affecting the growth and development of insects. LED lights are commonly used in manufacturing and daily life because they are environmentally friendly and emit light across multiple wavelengths. However, few studies have examined the effects of different wavelength lights on the growth and reproduction of <em>S. frugiperda,</em> and even fewer have explored the underlying mechanisms. To find new strategies for integrated pest management amid the growing challenge of pesticide resistance, this study investigated the effects of 520 nm (green) and 570 nm (yellow) LED light on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of <em>S. frugiperda.</em> Since vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is a key reproductive protein in insects, the full-length <em>SfVgR</em> gene was cloned, its spatial and temporal expression was analyzed, and RNAi-mediated knockdown was performed to explore the mechanisms under different light treatments. The results showed that exposure to either 520 nm (green) or 570 nm (yellow) LED light reduced developmental periods, increased sex ratios, and reduced pupation and emergence rates of <em>S. frugiperda</em>. Additionally, 520 nm (green) light notably suppressed the expression of both <em>SfVg</em> and <em>SfVgR mRNA,</em> which impeded ovarian development and significantly decreased fecundity. Moreover, silencing <em>SfVgR</em> led to abnormal oocyte development and markedly lowered fertility. These findings suggest that using 520 nm (green) light at night or RNAi targeting <em>SfVgR</em> could serve as novel approaches for the integrated management of <em>S. frugiperda</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diameter, height, and volume as macroscopic predictors of photocarcinogenesis in UV-induced SKH1 papules","authors":"Mehdi Boostani ,&nbsp;Alaina F. Carman ,&nbsp;Erin C. Tracy ,&nbsp;Sean P. Murphy ,&nbsp;Rhea Carmel Glen Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Katalin Ferenczi ,&nbsp;Gillian Weston ,&nbsp;Olayemi Sokumbi ,&nbsp;Gyorgy Paragh ,&nbsp;Wendy J. Huss","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The albino hairless SKH1 mouse is the most widely used model for UV-induced skin carcinogenesis, yet standardized macroscopic thresholds for classifying papules as cancer are lacking. Prior studies have used diameter alone, with variable cutoffs and limited dermatopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine how papule diameter, height, and volume correlate with histopathology in SKH1 mice and to identify practical cutoffs beyond which papules can be considered cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four SKH1 mice were irradiated with solar-simulated UV (290–400 nm; 90 mJ/cm² UVB; 5 days/week for 10–18 weeks). A total of 323 papules were measured in vivo (length, width, height by calipers); volume was computed from caliper dimensions. Lesions were collected at necropsy and processed and scored for pathology by three expert dermatopathologists; a consensus of two rendered diagnoses (papilloma, actinic keratosis, SCC in situ [SCCis], invasive SCC [iSCC]). Lesions were binned, and the cumulative positive predictive value (PPV) for cancer (SCCis+iSCC) was calculated above each diameter, height, and volume threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 323 lesions, the prevalence of iSCC rose with diameter: 22.8% at 1–1.5 mm, 35.8% at 2–2.5 mm, 76.2% at 4–6 mm, 83.4% at 6–8 mm, and 100% &gt;8 mm, with 100% of the papules being cancerous beyond 6.3 mm diameter. Height and volume followed a similar pattern: all lesions were cancerous at a height of ≥4.1 mm and a volume of ≥46.8mm³.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Macroscopic measurements strongly predict histology in SKH1 photocarcinogenesis. Lesions ≥6.3 mm in diameter, ≥4.1 mm in height, or ≥ 46.8 mm³ in volume can be considered cancer with 100% PPV in this dataset. These thresholds provide practical, pathology-anchored endpoints for preclinical study design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosensitization activity of normal and Hyperporphyirins self-assembled with recombinant albumin: Consequences for the development of engineered photoreceptor proteins","authors":"Omar Castillo ,&nbsp;Lydia Martinez Rivera ,&nbsp;Abdullah Albalawi ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Brancaleon","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how metal coordination and protein binding modulate the photosensitizing properties of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) analogues and their potential for creating engineered photoreceptor proteins (EPrP). Three porphyrins—metal-free PpIX (mfPpIX, normal), hemin (d-type hyperporphyrin), and tin-PpIX (SnPpIX, p-type hyperporphyrin)—were self-assembled with recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) and irradiated at their Soret band using a 405 nm laser. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic analyses revealed distinct photophysical behaviors. mfPpIX strongly binds rHSA and exhibits efficient photosensitization of singlet oxygen (¹O₂), leading to photobleaching and formation of formyl-type photoproducts, suggesting ROS-mediated mechanisms as potential triggers for EPrP. Hemin showed negligible photosensitization, dominated by intramolecular charge transfer to Fe, limiting its suitability for ROS-driven EPrP. SnPpIX retained significant ¹O₂ photosensitization and photoproduct formation both free and protein-bound, but its weak interaction with rHSA may constrain its applicability. These findings highlight mfPpIX as the most promising candidate for EPrP development and provide novel quantitative data on absorption, fluorescence, and lifetime properties of aqueous porphyrins, including the first reported parameters for SnPpIX and PpIX photoproducts, besides the identification of the contribution of aqueous monomeric PpIX to the emission properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 113386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}