Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Professional growth in pharmacy: examining CPD awareness, motivators, and barriers among pharmacists.","authors":"Lubna Qaisi, Eman Alefishat, Rana Abu Farha, Amal Akour, Mohammad Zawieh","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2490985","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2490985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the evolving landscape of pharmacy, the shift towards patient-centred care necessitates continuous professional development (CPD) for pharmacists. This study aims to assess the awareness, perception, motivators, and barriers to CPD implementation among pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, utilising a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling was employed, inviting 250 pharmacists from diverse practice settings to participate. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 210 pharmacists who participated in the study, more than half (51.7%) were unfamiliar with CPD, while only a small percentage (3.8%) were very familiar with it. Engagement in learning activities was common, reported by 80% of participants, with varying frequencies: weekly (19%), monthly (30.5%), yearly (27.6%), and rarely (22.9%). However, the implementation of CPD cycle elements was minimal, with only 8.6% reflecting, 5.7% planning, 10.5% taking action, and 7.2% evaluating their learning activities more than 75% of the time. Most pharmacists supported mandatory CPD (80.6%) and integration into a legal framework (81.3%). Anticipated benefits, such as keeping knowledge updated (92.9%) and improving patient care (91%), were highly endorsed. Motivators for CPD included proximity to the workplace (82.3%) and flexible schedules (84.7%), while barriers included time constraints (73.7%) and lack of information (74.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists demonstrate low awareness and implementation of CPD, underscoring the necessity for educational initiatives and legislative support. Motivators such as proximity and flexible schedules could enhance CPD uptake, while addressing barriers like time constraints and lack of information is crucial for successful CPD integration in pharmacy practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2490985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics stewardship: prevalence, nature, and factors associated with dispensing of antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists in Nigeria.","authors":"Okafor Ukamaka Gladys, Chukwujindu Nzube Gabriella, Folasade Olufunke Lawal, Folorunso Oluwatoyin Bukola, Victor Chikaodiri Amaechi, Okoronkwo Ngozi Augustine","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2498927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2498927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription is common among community pharmacists in low- and middle-income countries despite its association with antibiotic resistance. This study describes the prevalence and nature of dispensing antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists in Nigeria and its associated factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Nigeria with a validated, online, self-administered questionnaire. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS Version 2023 at a 0.05% significance level.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 420 community pharmacists participated in the study. The Reliability result was 0.860, implying the data collection tool's perfect internal consistency. Independent pharmacies represented 87.4% of the respondents, and most were in urban areas (71.4%). Most respondents (98.1%) dispensed antibiotics without prescription, with (84.2%) sometimes requesting laboratory investigations before dispensing antibiotics. Cephalosporin (74.8%), penicillin (70.2%), and quinolones (68.3%) were the major classes of antibiotics dispensed. The pharmacists' confidence in their clinical skills (78.8%), ability of the antibiotics to cover a broader range of microorganisms (78.0%), inability of patients to access healthcare services in other places (67.3%), emergencies (58.3%), affordability (49.0%), patients' demand (38.2%), absence of sanctions (34%), not getting prescriptions (33.1%), were the key deciding factors for the pharmacists to dispense antibiotics without prescription or substitute class of antibiotics. Factors like financial incentives, fear of losing clients, fear of expiry, competition from other pharmacies, and trust in patients' self-diagnosis were low in driving decisions to dispense antibiotics without prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics is high among community pharmacists in Nigeria, and is related to various factors. A strategic approach, including mandatory health insurance schemes, prescription and dispensing policies, and enforcement of antimicrobial stewardship regulations by the Nigerian government, is necessary to improve ethical practice and address the irrational dispensing and use of antibiotics in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2498927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and expectations toward medication review among community pharmacy customers in Germany: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Cathrin J Vogt, Annika Wiegand, Kire Trajkov, Michael Metzner, Viktoria S Wurmbach, Anja Braem, Hanna M Seidling","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2490572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2490572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since knowledge about customers' attitudes towards medication reviews in community pharmacies is limited, the objective of this study was to gain insight into customers' perceived facilitators and barriers to participate in this service, with the aim of identifying areas to facilitate the implementation process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In spring 2024, we conducted a prospective, questionnaire-based survey for a total of 58 days. All customers (≥18 years) in 3 pharmacies in Germany, regardless of whether they were eligible for medication reviews or not, were approached during their pharmacy visit in person and invited to complete the tablet-based questionnaire on-site. The pilot-tested, multilingual questionnaire covered socio-demographic-data and customers' attitudes towards medication reviews. Potential benefits of medication reviews were rated regarding their perceived importance on a 3-point-Likert-scale (0 = not important, 1 = important, 2 = very important). A mean score was calculated for each benefit. Data were analyzed descriptively and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to explore associations of selected predictors with awareness of medication reviews or expected benefits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1561 pharmacy customers participated, with 59.2% (interquartile range (IQR): 17.9%) of patients being approached daily. Awareness of medication reviews was low (18.0%, <i>n</i> = 281/1561), whereby female participants (odds ratio (OR): 1.211 (0.914-1.603)) and those who request pharmacies' consultation services (OR: 1.020 (1.012-1.029) were more likely to know it. Key expectations towards benefits included better knowledge of medicines (mean score: 1.4 ± 0.7), fewer side-effects (1.4 ± 0.7) and fewer problems with their medication (e.g. interactions; 1.3 ± 0.7). No difference was found for prior awareness of medication reviews in terms of benefit expectations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gaining knowledge and improving medication safety through a medication review is most valuable to customers. By clearly explaining the purpose and expected benefits of medication reviews, the outreach and impact could be increased.<b>Trial registration:</b> German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00032446.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2490572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinical pharmacists' interventions in a rehabilitation setting.","authors":"Lina Naseralallah, Zahra Noureddine, Afif Ahmed, Moza Al Hail, Somaya Koraysh","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2450593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2450593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To elucidate the role of clinical pharmacists in rehabilitation programmes by examining the type, severity, medications involved, and the level of acceptance of pharmacists' interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Qatar Rehabilitation Institute (QRI) in Doha, Qatar. Clinical pharmacists' interventions and their underlying rationales were categorised by the type of intervention using a validated classification system. The severity of these interventions was assessed using the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) Risk Matrix. Linear regression and chi-square analyses were employed to examine the relationships between patient-related and medication-related characteristics and the pharmacist interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,807 clinical pharmacists' interventions involving 815 patients were collected and analysed. The majority of patients (<i>n</i> = 501, 61.5%) had three or more interventions. Findings indicated that most interventions were addressing pharmacological strategy (<i>n</i> = 1670, 43.9%) and drug quantity (<i>n</i> = 1166, 30.7%). The most frequently reported intervention subtypes included dose optimisation (<i>n</i> = 749, 19.7%), additional drug therapy (<i>n</i> = 673, 17.7%), and medication discontinuation (<i>n</i> = 476, 12.5%). Cardiovascular agents were involved in 37.1% of the interventions, followed by endocrine medications (17.1%) and centrally acting agents (11.7%). A significant proportion of interventions were deemed to have moderate severity (79.8%). Statistical analysis revealed a positive linear correlation between age and the number of interventions per patient (<i>p</i> < 0.001); with no significant difference in the severity of interventions between adult and elderly patients (<i>p</i> = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the diverse roles of clinical pharmacists in the rehabilitation field. The unique complexity of rehabilitation patients creates a challenging environment for clinical pharmacists, requiring adherence to fundamental practice principles while customising approaches to address individual patient needs. Further research is needed to assess the impact of these interventions on clinically significant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2450593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the implementation and the associated operating costs of a medicine regulatory harmonisation model in Africa: the case of ZaZiBoNa, a SADC work-sharing initiative.","authors":"S Dube-Mwedzi, F Suleman","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2490565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2490565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To improve the access to and affordability of medicines, countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) established ZaZiBoNa, a medicine regulatory harmonisation initiative. Studies have evaluated the initiative's technical and operational efficiencies and effectiveness. This study evaluated ZaZiBoNa from project implementation and cost perspectives, at the 5-year mark, to establish a business case for further investment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative and desk review were undertaken. Two surveys, one with 7 National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) that participated in the initiative in the initial 5 years were conducted and the other with 40 pharmaceutical companies who submitted applications in the same period were recruited to share their perceived experiences and expectations with the collaborative initiative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 7 NRAs agreed the initiative had generally achieved its objectives and participation was beneficiary. As of June 2022, the 7 NRAs had registered 152 of the 235 (64.7%) products assessed during the study period, with a median time from joint assessment recommendations to registration of 7 months, against a target of 3 months (range: 4 to 14 months). Of the industry respondents (<i>n</i> = 13), 61.5% indicated the initiative had had a positive impact on their business, though expectations were only met to some degree (31%-46%). Failure to create a less expensive process and to facilitate simultaneous multiple market access (31% and 23% respectively) were the most common unmet expectations. Nonetheless, 62% of the industry respondents expressed willingness to continue utilising the collaborative process. The cost per joint assessment recommendation during the study period was USD 2,768.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study also highlighted that implementation of initiatives could take time and that some goals can only be achieved in the medium to long term. This is a lesson for other collaboration initiatives in Africa, such as the African Medicines Agency.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2490565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving efficiency in hospital pharmacy systems: the case for color-coded zones for rapidly dispensed medications.","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Moyad Shahwan, Faris El-Dahiyat, Abeer M Al-Ghananeem","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2493169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2493169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colour-coded zones for rapidly dispensed medications are a simple, yet game-changing solution to improve the efficiency and safety of hospital pharmacy systems. This approach integrates visual ergonomics, staff training, and technology in solving some of the most common challenges in medication retrieval and general healthcare delivery. This evidence-based system will go a long way in helping hospitals meet the ever-increasing demands. While colour-coded zoning schemes offer a practical and cost-effective way to enhance pharmacy efficiency and medication safety, their effectiveness depends on careful implementation, standardisation, and integration with digital tools. Although highly digitalised healthcare systems may rely more on automated inventory tracking and barcode verification, colour coding remains a valuable supplementary measure, particularly in fast-paced clinical environments. For resource-limited healthcare facilities, colour-coded zoning serves as an essential safety mechanism where advanced IT solutions may not be feasible. However, standardisation challenges, risks of over-reliance, and accessibility concerns for colour-blind individuals must be addressed to maximise effectiveness. Ultimately, an optimal pharmacy management system may involve a hybrid approach that integrates both visual and digital verification methods, ensuring both efficiency and patient safety across diverse healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2493169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of medication reconciliation on discrepancies and all-cause readmission among hospitalised patients with chronic kidney disease: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Shoroq M Altawalbeh, Nahlah M Sallam, Osama Y Alshogran, Minas Al-Khatib, Mohammad S Bani Amer, Linda Tahaineh, Abla Albsoul-Younes","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2488173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2488173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with its associated comorbidities and pill burden can expose patients to a heightened risk of drug-related problems, including medication discrepancies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review on the number of medication discrepancies at discharge and all-cause readmission among CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a quasi-experimental trial among adult CKD patients admitted into two major referral hospitals in northern Jordan. Patients in the intervention group received medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review by a clinical pharmacist, while those in the control group received the usual care. The recognised discrepancies were evaluated at admission and at discharge in both groups. Participants were followed for 90-day readmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among patients in the intervention group, the average number of discrepancies was 2.5 ± 2.2 per CKD patient. Compared to the control group, the reduction in discrepancy numbers between admission and discharge was higher in the intervention group by 1.66 discrepancies. The likelihood of 90-day readmission was significantly lower in the intervention group (OR = 0.41; <i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplemented medication reconciliation among CKD patients reveals a favourable impact on medication discrepancies and readmission rates. Optimising medication management during transitions of care can improve overall health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2488173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pharmacists in enhancing epilepsy care: a systematic review of community and outpatient interventions.","authors":"Michael Petrides, Aliki Peletidi, Evangelia Nena, Theodoros Constantinidis, Christos Kontogiorgis","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2487046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2487046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 50 million individuals across the globe are impacted by epilepsy, leading to fear, discrimination, psychiatric issues, high costs, and social stigma. Proper diagnosis and treatment could allow up to 70% of those affected to live seizure-free. Community pharmacists have significant potential to actively participate in epilepsy patient care, beyond merely dispensing medications. The objective of this study was to systematically review and assess the roles of pharmacists in epilepsy care, focusing on pharmacist-led interventions and services for patients with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review included cross-sectional, retrospective cohort, and qualitative/quantitative studies on pharmacist-led epilepsy interventions in community and outpatient settings. Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed Central, and Science Direct for studies published through the end of 2023. Two evaluators independently reviewed and chose studies, and the data was analysed using Microsoft Excel®. Quality assessment was performed using the MMAT tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five eligible studies were included, covering 457 participants. Studies originated from the USA (<i>n</i> = 3), Netherlands (<i>n</i> = 1), and Palestine (<i>n</i> = 1). They evaluated pharmacist-led interventions in epilepsy, including medication adherence, quality of life, and pharmacist's integration in epilepsy care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review underscores the possible contributions of pharmacists in epilepsy care, stressing the importance of pharmacist-led interventions to enhance medication adherence and the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these services, including disease management and patient education. Increasing awareness among pharmacists and patients about pharmacists' contributions is crucial for improving epilepsy care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2487046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual model of pharmaceutical care for patients with coronary heart disease and comorbid conditions in Ukraine.","authors":"Natalia Bilousova","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2484577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2484577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> According to WHO's data, a significant number of deaths from CVD is observed in Ukraine. In today's conditions, the problems of ensuring the availability of medicines and pharmaceutical care for patients with CHD and comorbid conditions are being addressed at all levels of management of the Ukrainian healthcare sector in conditions of limited funds, resources and martial law. The scientific development of a conceptual model for providing pharmaceutical care to such patients, aimed at reducing the burden on the healthcare system and ensuring the safe use of medicines in compliance with European legislation, is highly relevant. <b>Methods:</b> The methods used in this work include information retrieval, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, induction and deduction, synergistic, dialectical, and modelling. <b>Results:</b> The conceptual model of pharmaceutical care for patients with CHD and comorbid conditions was developed and substantiated. The place and role of pharmacists in the context of participation in interprofessional collaboration in multidisciplinary teams is defined. The rationale for involving pharmacists in multidisciplinary teams has been substantiated, as this will enhance the quality of personalised care, prevent potential medicines interactions considering their metabolic profiles, reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve patient adherence to pharmacotherapy. <b>Conclusion:</b> The model of pharmaceutical care for patients with CHD and comorbid conditions takes into account the cardiovascular continuum and pharmacotherapy, which will lead to a decrease in disease progression, pharmacotherapeutic risks, reduce the burden on the healthcare system and guarantee the safety of medicines use. Implementation of the conceptual model of pharmaceutical care for patients with CHD and comorbid conditions in pharmaceutical practice requires revision of educational training programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2484577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reporting of adverse drug reactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in community pharmacies.","authors":"Phayom Sookaneknun Olson, Janet Krska, Chatmanee Taengthonglang, Pinyapat Tansin, Wilasinee Siangtrong, Piyatida Pongrueangdilok, Narumol Jarernsiripornkul, Pemmarin Potisarach","doi":"10.1080/20523211.2025.2483419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2483419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ibuprofen and diclofenac are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs widely used worldwide. Spontaneous reporting often results in an underestimation of the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and a few studies have been conducted in community settings, particularly in community pharmacies. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of short-term ADRs associated with ibuprofen and diclofenac in community pharmacy patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted in 15 community pharmacies. A questionnaire from a previous study was modified and tested for content validity. Community pharmacists distributed the questionnaire after dispensing ibuprofen or diclofenac and followed non-responders via telephone and online media platforms. The returned questionnaires were assessed for causality by a pharmacist and three researchers. Descriptive analyses and comparisons between reports on ibuprofen and diclofenac were performed using chi-square and independent t-tests for appropriate outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 590 distributed questionnaires, 279 were included in the analysis. The percentage of participants who reported ADRs to ibuprofen and diclofenac was 33.3%. Among participants with suspected ADRs, the average number of suspected ADRs from diclofenac was higher than from ibuprofen; however, no significant difference was observed (5.5 ± 8.9 and 3.1 ± 3.0, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Of the 347 self-reported ADRs, 45.2% were assessed as probable and possible ADRs. The highest rate of suspected ADRs was in Mental Health (14.4%), followed by the Nose, Throat, Neck, or Voice (9.8%), and the Stomach or Digestive Systems (8.9%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diclofenac showed more suspected ADRs than ibuprofen in a community setting. Almost half of the self-reported ADRs were assessed as probable or possible. Strategies for sustaining community pharmacists in monitoring patients and reporting ADRs should be supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":16740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2483419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}