Journal of Personalized Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Left Atrial Strain: State of the Art and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Niloofar Javadi, Nadera N Bismee, Mohammed Tiseer Abbas, Isabel G Scalia, Milagros Pereyra, Nima Baba Ali, Sogol Attaripour Esfahani, Kamal Awad, Juan M Farina, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111093","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of left atrial strain (LAS) has emerged as an essential component in the evaluation of cardiac function, especially in pathologies such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. This narrative review aims to outline the available methods for assessing LAS with a major emphasis on speckle-tracking echocardiography techniques. Other imaging modalities, including cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography, also provide important information on LA dynamics but have disadvantages with respect to cost and availability. The current narrative review underlines basic concepts such as the accurate assessment of LAS and discusses the clinical relevance of LAS by pointing out its significant diagnostic and prognostic role in several cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this article is to discuss the current integration of LAS into clinical practice with a view to further improving patient management and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid Artery Geometry Modifications and Clinical Implications after Carotid Artery Stenting.","authors":"Edoardo Pasqui, Bruno Gargiulo, Leonardo Pasquetti, Elisa Lazzeri, Giuseppe Galzerano, Gianmarco de Donato","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111091","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid artery stenting (CAS) could lead to a modification of the carotid bifurcation geometry with possible clinical implications. This study aimed to clarify the geometrical impact of three carotid stents with different designs on the carotid bifurcation and its clinical consequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective single-center study. We included all patients who underwent CAS in a 3-year period. Anatomical changes of the carotid bifurcation were evaluated by reviewing angiographic images. The population was divided into three groups based on the stent implanted: Group 1 (Carotid Wallstent), Group 2 (Roadsaver), and Group 3 (C-Guard).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 226 patients were included. The mean age was 77.0 ± 7.4 years and 72.5% (164/226) were male. Three different stents were implanted into three groups: Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 131/226, 58%), Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 57/226, 25.2%), and Group 3 (<i>n</i> = 38/226, 16.8%). The mean pre-stent implantation CCA-ICA angle of the entire population was 155 ± 14.9°, and the post-CAS angle was 167.7 ± 8.7° (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). In every subgroup, the difference was statistically different, with the biggest difference registered in Group 2 (-16.1 ± 13.2°). Regarding stent oversizing, there was a significant relationship between CCA oversizing and CCA-ICA angle modification (<i>p</i> = 0.006). During follow-up, a total of 14 (6.2%) restenoses were registered. The mean CCA-ICA angle modification in the restenosis group was -9.5 ± 14.4° vs. -12.8 ± 11.9° in the no-restenosis group with no significant statistical differences were outlined (<i>p</i> = 0.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to the Carotid Wallstent and C-Guard, the Roadsaver stent appears to have a lower adaptability to the carotid vascular territory, resulting in a higher CCA-ICA angle modification after implantation, with no impact on the stent restenosis rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hyun Lee, Jong Geol Jang, Youlim Kim, Kyung Hoon Min, June Hong Ahn, Kwang Ha Yoo, Min Gu Kang, Jong Seung Kim, Ji-Yong Moon","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111089","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is an important comorbidity of COPD. Although many studies have reported an association between COPD and NTM-PD, no clear estimate of the prevalence of COPD and its effects on survival times in patients with NTM-PD is available. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of COPD and its impact on survival in patients with NTM-PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All studies reporting the prevalence of COPD in patients with NTM between 1952 and 2021 were searched using PubMed in May 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies about patients with NTM and COPD. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled overall prevalence of COPD in patients with NTM-PD was 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22-35). Patients with NTM-PD were six times more likely to have COPD than those without NTM-PD (pooled odds ratio [OR], 6.26; 95% CI, 3.37-11.65). Male patients with NTM-PD had a four-fold higher risk of COPD than females (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.18-12.35). The co-existence of COPD and NTM-PD was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with NTM-PD without COPD (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.28-10.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COPD is common in patients with NTM-PD, and patients with NTM-PD had a six-fold increase in the odds of having COPD than those without NTM-PD. The presence of COPD and NTM-PD had a significant negative effect on survival. These findings may support the need to assess the presence of COPD in patients with NTM-PD and the potential negative effects associated with the co-existence of COPD and NTM-PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Approaches to Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair: Current Strategies and a Novel Technique.","authors":"Adham M Khalafallah, Bhavjeet S Sanghera, Michael Kader, James V Boddu, Timur Urakov","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111090","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can be caused by tears in the dura and are challenging to treat. Traditional methods of treating spinal CSF leakage include nonsurgical management, epidural blood patches (EBP), and direct surgical repair. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is rapidly progressing within neurosurgery due to its advantages for patient safety and comfort. Existing MIS techniques to spine surgery utilize a rigid endoscope, which has limitations when reaching smaller areas requiring greater degrees of visualization. The simultaneous use of a flexible endoscope and wearable heads-up display (wHUD) improves access and visualization in these small areas while allowing the surgeon to maintain optimal ergonomics. In this article, we review minimally invasive approaches to spine surgery and the management of spinal CSF leaks. We also demonstrate a novel minimally invasive technique utilizing flexible endoscopy and a wHUD to treat a case of recurrent CSF leak. We describe the successful utilization of this technology and provide the groundwork for future practitioners to incorporate this approach into their practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in mRNA LNP-Based Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Formulation Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Eslam Ramadan, Ali Ahmed, Youssef Wahib Naguib","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111092","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary technology in immunization and vaccination. These vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy against the virus and opened up avenues for their possible application in other diseases. This has renewed interest and investment in mRNA vaccine research and development, attracting the scientific community to explore all its other applications beyond infectious diseases. Recently, researchers have focused on the possibility of adapting this vaccination approach to cancer immunotherapy. While there is a huge potential, challenges still remain in the design and optimization of the synthetic mRNA molecules and the lipid nanoparticle delivery system required to ensure the adequate elicitation of the immune response and the successful eradication of tumors. This review points out the basic mechanisms of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and recent approaches in mRNA vaccine design. This review displays the current mRNA modifications and lipid nanoparticle components and how these factors affect vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, this review discusses the future directions and clinical applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Reinforced Wearable Sensors and Intelligent Point-of-Care Tests.","authors":"Ghita Yammouri, Abdellatif Ait Lahcen","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111088","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offer great potential to advance point-of-care testing (POCT) and wearable sensors for personalized medicine applications. This review explores the recent advances and the transformative potential of the use of AI in improving wearables and POCT. The integration of AI significantly contributes to empowering these tools and enables continuous monitoring, real-time analysis, and rapid diagnostics, thus enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. Wearable sensors powered by AI models offer tremendous opportunities for precise and non-invasive tracking of physiological conditions that are essential for early disease detection and personalized treatments. AI-empowered POCT facilitates rapid, accurate diagnostics, making these medical testing kits accessible and available even in resource-limited settings. This review discusses the key advances in AI applications for data processing, sensor fusion, and multivariate analytics, highlighting case examples that exhibit their impact in different medical scenarios. In addition, the challenges associated with data privacy, regulatory approvals, and technology integrations into the existing healthcare system have been overviewed. The outlook emphasizes the urgent need for continued innovation in AI-driven health technologies to overcome these challenges and to fully achieve the potential of these techniques to revolutionize personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Sleep Position, Obesity, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity.","authors":"Mia Strohm, Amro Daboul, Anne Obst, Antoine Weihs, Chia-Jung Busch, Thomas Bremert, Jochen Fanghänel, Tatyana Ivanovska, Ingo Fietze, Thomas Penzel, Ralf Ewert, Markus Krüger","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity, sleep position, and body weight, particularly focusing on the negative impact of sleeping in a supine position combined with being overweight in a population-based sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was utilized as a marker of OSA severity and sleep position from a standardized overnight polysomnography. Participants were categorized by body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²) into normal weight/underweight (<25) and overweight (≥25).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The results indicated a higher mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index for those sleeping in the supine position compared to other positions, with overweight individuals experiencing a proportionally greater impact from sleep position than their normal-weight counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple Physical Examination Predicts Cognitive Decline in Very Mild Dementia.","authors":"Li-Han Lin, Karen Y C Chuang, Chung-Yao Hsu, Nai-Ching Chen, Jyun-Bin Huang, Hsiu-Yung Pan, Yao-Chung Chuang","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111086","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different exercises have different effects upon physical fitness and cognitive domains. In this context, physical fitness behaviors have been identified as a contributing factor to cognitive decline in patients with very mild dementia. The present study aimed to further determine baseline senior fitness behaviors in patients with very mild dementia and possible factors related to rapid cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was performed in a medical center in Taiwan, involving 132 patients with very mild dementia who were followed-up over 1 year. Assessments included the Senior Fitness Test (physical function), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. Patients with a decline in MMSE of at least 2 points within 1 year were defined as having rapid cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, sex, years of education, and baseline MMSE did not differ significantly between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). At 1 year of follow-up, dietary habits and comorbidities did not differ between the rapid decline and not-rapid decline groups. At 1 year, performance on the right back scratch test was significantly better in the not-rapid decline group compared with the rapid decline group (-14 [-39-37.5] cm vs. -17 [-57-7] cm; <i>p</i> = 0.038). In a multiple regression analysis, the only factor that was significantly associated with rapid cognitive decline was the right back scratch test (<i>p</i> = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the similarity in the status of dementia, the right hand back scratch test appears to serve an important function in detecting cognitive decline in patients with very mild dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratumoral Microbiota: Insights from Anatomical, Molecular, and Clinical Perspectives.","authors":"Claudia Lombardo, Rosanna Fazio, Marta Sinagra, Giuseppe Gattuso, Federica Longo, Cinzia Lombardo, Mario Salmeri, Guido Nicola Zanghì, Carla Agata Erika Loreto","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human microbiota represents a heterogeneous microbial community composed of several commensal, symbiotic, and even pathogenic microorganisms colonizing both the external and internal body surfaces. Despite the term \"microbiota\" being commonly used to identify microorganisms inhabiting the gut, several pieces of evidence suggest the presence of different microbiota physiologically colonizing other organs. In this context, several studies have also confirmed that microbes are integral components of tumor tissue in different types of cancer, constituting the so-called \"intratumoral microbiota\". The intratumoral microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer as well as to the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Indeed, intratumoral microbiota can contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis formation as some microbes can directly cause DNA damage, while others can induce the activation of proinflammatory responses or oncogenic pathways and alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). All these characteristics make the intratumoral microbiota an interesting topic to investigate for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes in order to improve the management of cancer patients. This review aims to gather the most recent data on the role of the intratumoral microbiota in cancer development, progression, and response to treatment, as well as its potential diagnostic and prognostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Endometriosis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Konstantinos Nikolettos, Alexandros Patsouras, Sonia Kotanidou, Nikolaos Garmpis, Iason Psilopatis, Anna Garmpi, Eleni I Effraimidou, Angelos Daniilidis, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, Nikos Nikolettos, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Angeliki Gerede, Dimitrios Papoutsas, Emmanuel Kontomanolis, Christos Damaskos","doi":"10.3390/jpm14111085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jpm14111085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity, which mainly occurs in the pelvic cavity. Pulmonary endometriosis, or thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES), describes the rare presence of endometrial-like cells in the thoracic cavity and includes catamenial pneumothorax, catamenial hemothorax, hemoptysis, and lung nodules. Our aim is to summarize the results of all reported cases of TES. <b>Methods</b>: Extensive research was conducted through MEDLINE/PUBMED using the keywords \"thoracic endometriosis\", \"thoracic endometriosis syndrome\", \"catamenial pneumothorax\", \"catamenial hemoptysis\", and \"TES\". Following PRISMA guidelines, all published cases of TES between January 1950 and March 2024 were included. A systematic review of 202 studies in English, including 592 patients, was performed. <b>Results</b>: The median age of women with TES is 33.8 years old. The most common clinical presentation is catamenial pneumothorax (68.4%), while lesions are mainly found in the right lung unilaterally (79.9%). Chest computed tomography (CT) was used alone or after an X-ray to determine the pathological findings. Ground-glass opacity nodules and cystic lesions represent the most common finding in CT, while pneumothorax is the most common finding in X-rays. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the main therapeutic approach, usually in combination with hormonal therapy, including GnRH analogues, progestins, androgens, or combined oral contraceptives. Hormonal therapy was also administered as monotherapy. Symptom recurrence was reported in 10.1% of all cases after the treatment. <b>Conclusions</b>: High clinical awareness and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary for the best clinical outcome for TES patients. More studies are required to extract safer conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16722,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}