Journal of Parasitic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comorbidity study.","authors":"Amal Farahat Allam, Hoda Fahmy Farag, Amel Youssef Shehab, Ahmed Soliman El Sahy, Safia Saleh Khalil, Naglaa Fathi Abd El-Latif","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01721-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01721-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The implication of human <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (<i>S. mansoni</i>) infection in concomitance with other risk factors such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still under controversy. This work aimed. to evaluate the role of <i>S. mansoni</i> infection in association with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other risk factors in the development and/or progress of HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was carried out on 90 HCC patients recruited from Kafr El-Sheikh Liver Disease Research Institute. After obtaining their informed consents, socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and patients were examined for <i>S. mansoni</i> by Kato-Katz and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) techniques. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was determined. The Child-Pugh scoring system and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system were used to evaluate the pathological features of the studied patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants were negative for active <i>S. mansoni</i> by Kato-Katz. Based on IHA, the participants were categorized into two groups: group I: sixty-two patients negative for <i>S. mansoni</i> and group II: twenty-eight schistosomiasis positive. The patients' age ranged between 40->60, HCC was more prevalent in the age range of > 50-60 years in both groups. Males were more than females and rural participants were more than urban patients in both groups. Most of the patients (88.9%) had HCV while 7.8% had HBV. A higher proportion of HCC patients showed concomitant HCV and <i>S. mansoni</i> (92.6%) than the <i>S. mansoni</i> negative group. The frequency of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) was four-fold higher among HCC patients positive for schistosomiasis compared to negative schistosomiasis cases (64% vs. 16%). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was higher in group II than that in group I with no significant difference. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the two studied groups regarding Child scores. On the contrary, BCLC class D was significantly higher among HCC positive schistosomiasis cases compared to the negative group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concomitant <i>S. mansoni</i> with HCV and HBV potentiate HCC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"936-943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden, knowledge and perception of lymphatic filariasis in resource - poor communities in north central Nigeria.","authors":"E C Amaechi, A A Ariyo, A A Aderogba, P C Nwachukwu, C C Nwadike, O O Ezekiel, F O P Oyinloye","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01711-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01711-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of vector-borne diseases are known to affect humans in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Lymphatic filariasis is one of such debilitating disease caused by a nematode, <i>Wuchereria bancrofti.</i> The present study assessed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by screening individuals with filariasis test strip and clinical examination. A sample of 765 consenting individuals were screened for filarial antigenemia using filariasis test strip and clinical examination and interviewed for knowledge and perception of filariasis using a structured questionnaire. Overall antigenemia prevalence was 8.8% and the disease prevalence varied among villages with Shonga (16.7%) having the highest and Tada (1.6%) the least infected.In relation to age group, 40-49years had the highest (49.3%) while 0-9 years did not record any infection. Among the respondents infected, a greater number (43.3%) believed that the disease was caused by stepping on charm, 45.4% of those unaffected also believed in the same cause. A greater number of the respondents (28.4%) believed that avoiding sexual intercourse with affected individuals can help prevent the disease. A majority(67.2%) of the study participant had a misconception about its preventive measure. Misconceptions on the preventive measures included sacrifice to appease the gods and avoiding sexual intercourse with affected individuals. This study showed filarial antigenemia was above the threshold of 2% in the study area with misconception on the disease transmission and therefore this area warrants strategies to prevent transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"823-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of water quality and morphometric indices on the spatio-temporal prevalence of fish endo-parasites and diversity in the Ase River, Niger-Delta, Nigeria.","authors":"Edore Edwin Ito, Andy Ogochukwu Egwunyenga","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01668-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01668-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three stations along the Ase River, Delta State Nigeria provided water and 85 fish samples which were analyzed. The fish were measured and examined for endoparasites according to established protocol. All water quality parameters investigated were within the WHO-acceptable values for surface waters. Station variation of physicochemical parameters was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Fish body conformation indices positively correlated with the prevalence of parasites in <i>Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus longifilis, Parachana africana, Chromidotilapia guntheri guntherii</i>, and <i>Denticeps clupeodes</i>. The overall parasite prevalence of 63.53% was established with the most abundant parasite being <i>Trichodina mutabillis</i>. The parasites had a predilection for the gastrointestinal tract with a high occurrence of 307 individuals. Stations 1, 2, and 3 had 326, 213, and 259 parasites, respectively, out of a total of 798 parasites detected. <i>P. laevis</i> was absent in station 1. All parasites were found in stations 2 and 3. Statistically, there was a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the prevalence in all stations. The correlation index of <i>T. mutabillis</i> and <i>R. congolensis</i> in stations 1 and 3 was positively strong (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the concentrations of water quality. However, water conditions in stations 1 and 3 had a deleterious impact on <i>P. laevis</i>. <i>T. mutabillis</i> maintained a high positive correlation with physicochemical water quality in all three stations. Shannon-Weiner's index in station 3 (H = 1.337) shows that the parasites were more diverse. PCA and biodiversity indices have enabled us to comprehend how parasite-host-environment systems interact.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"439-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of <i>Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria</i>, and <i>Trypanosoma</i> infection in cattle and buffaloes in India.","authors":"Syeda Afshan Fatima, Hariprasad Naidu Gonuguntla, Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa, Laxmi Narayan Sarangi","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-parasitic diseases affecting bovines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemo-parasites in different farms in India. PCR assays were employed to detect carrier status, using gene targets <i>msp1b, tams1, rap-1, ama1,</i> and <i>ITS1</i> for <i>A. marginale, T. annulata, B. bovis, B. bigemina,</i> and <i>Trypanosoma</i> species, respectively. Out of the 578 apparently healthy animals screened, 30.45% (95% CI: 26.84-34.32%) were infected with at least one hemo-parasite. Cattle showed an overall positivity of 32.87%, while buffaloes had a prevalence of 15.19%, which was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Interestingly, prevalence was higher in indigenous cattle (47.81%) compared to cross-breeds (25.53%) and exotics (14.62%), with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of hemo-parasites varied widely among the farms, ranging from 5.77 to 100%. <i>A. marginale</i> was the most prevalent parasite (23.70% of animals), followed by <i>T. annulata</i> (13.67%), <i>Babesia</i> species (1.90%), and <i>Trypanosoma</i> species (1.56%). Enzootic instability was observed in six of the eight farms, indicating a potential for future outbreaks. Co-infection was detected in 60 out of 176 animals positive for hemo-parasites, with 59 animals co-infected with <i>A. marginale</i> and <i>T. annulata</i>, and only one cross-breed cattle infected with both <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> and <i>Babesia bigemina</i>. The findings highlight the prevalence of hemo-parasites in farms, underscoring the need for whole-herd screening, treatment of infected animals, and improvement in farm management practices to prevent production losses caused by these pathogens.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of <i>Microphallus</i> sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) parasitic in freshwater crabs of Manipur, India.","authors":"Voleentina Devi Athokpam, Lalit Mohan Goswami, Veena Tandon","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01694-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01694-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freshwater crabs (<i>Potamiscus manipuriensis</i>), commonly consumed as local delicacies by the native people in the state of Manipur, were found to harbour metacercariae of <i>Microphallus</i> sp. (Family Microphyllidae), which were morphologically different from metacercariae of <i>Microphallus</i> spp reported earlier from different regions. So, PCR-based molecular characterization of this metacercaria was done utilizing rDNA marker regions: larger subunit (LSU) or 28S (D1-D3 region) and inter-transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the taxon under study belonged to family Microphyllidae of genus <i>Microphallus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"570-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mitragyna parvifolia</i> as apotential therapeutic agent for lymphatic filariasis.","authors":"Jefrillah Jebaseelan, Sheerin Banu Sadiq, Abi Prakathi Ravikumar, Jamespandi Annaraj, Anand Setty Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01683-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01683-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the medicinal potential of <i>Mitragyna parvifolia</i> (<i>M. parvifolia</i>) leaves for the management of Lymphatic filariasis (LF). Phytochemical screening of the methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The GC-MS analysis identified 24 phytoconstituents, including the major alkaloid \"mitraphylline.\" Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of various functional groups corresponding to the identified compounds. The extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus,</i> and <i>Salmonella typhi</i>. In vitro macrofilaricidal screening demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of worm motility and MTT reduction, indicating its potential as a macrofilaricidal agent. The larvicidal bioassay showed notable effectiveness against <i>Culex quinquifasciatus</i> larvae, with 1% concentration displaying the highest larvicidal activity. Concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was observed using the DPPH assay, with 100 µg/ml showing the highest antioxidant potential. The findings suggest the potential of <i>M. parvifolia</i> leaves for LF management, supporting further research to identify active compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action. The study highlights the plant's diverse bioactive compounds, antibacterial and macrofilaricidal activities, larvicidal efficacy, and significant antioxidant properties. Future investigations, including in vivo experiments and clinical trials, are warranted to validate the safety and efficacy of <i>M. parvifolia</i> as a potential therapeutic agent for LF.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"474-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical and temporal dynamics of genetic diversity of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoite surface proteins 1/2 in India.","authors":"Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Jahnvi Jakhan, Geetika Narang, Vineeta Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01698-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01698-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high genetic diversity of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>Pf</i>) is a big obstacle to successful vaccine development programs. Here, the geographical and temporal dynamics of the genetic diversity of Indian <i>Pf</i> isolates from patients living in Ranchi, Raipur, Mewat, and Rourkela were analyzed. Typing and frequency of merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 genes (<i>pfmsp1/2</i>), their genotypes, clonality, heterozygosity, multiplicity of infection, and neutral evolution metrics were computed. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed for these two genes. The dominant allelic types were K1 (55%) and MAD20 (55%) for <i>msp1</i>, and FC27 (64.7%) for <i>msp2</i>. Infections were mainly monoclonal in Ranchi and Mewat while polyclonal in Raipur and Rourkela. Polyclonal infections dropped from 57.1 to 71.3% in 2013 to 33.3-33.4% in 2016 in Raipur. K1 and MAD20 sequences were highly diverse due to the organization of the amino acid units SGG, SVA, SVT, and SGN. The IC/3D7-related G,S,A-rich region showed a large variation of four to eight amino acid repeats, including mostly GAVASA (81.8%), GSGA (54.5%), and GASGSA (45.5%). The 32-amino acid sequence of the FC27 type was present in all isolates with several mutations. The <i>msp1/2</i> sequences were not under neutral evolution, except the K1 family, which is under balancing selection. The <i>msp1/2</i> sequences are phylogenetically closer to previous Indian sequences than those from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania. This study outlines a high genetic diversity of <i>Pf</i> infections with complex structure, and evolutionary signature changed with time.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01698-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"610-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An immunoinformatics approach for design and validation of multi-subunit vaccine against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> from essential hypothetical proteins.","authors":"Prajna Ritaparna, Muskan Ray, Ajit Kumar Dhal, Rajani Kanta Mahapatra","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01696-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01696-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria, caused by <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, remains a pressing global health concern. Advancements in combating this parasite involve the development of a protein vaccine. This study employs immunoinformatics to identify potential vaccine candidates within the repertoire of 218 <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> exported essential proteins identified through saturaturation mutagenesis study. Our screening approach narrows down to 65 <i>Plasmodium</i>-exported proteins with uncharacterized functions while exhibiting non-mutability in CDS (coding sequences). The transmembrane helix, antigenicity, allergenicity of the shortlisted proteins was assessed through diverse prediction algorithm, culminating in the identification of five promising vaccination contenders, based on probability scores. We discerned B-cell, helper T-lymphocyte, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Two proteins with the most favorable epitope were harnessed to construct a multi-subunit vaccine, through judicious linker integration. Employing the I-TASSER software, three-dimensional models of the constituent proteins was obtained and was validated using diverse tools like ProSA, VERIFY3D, and ERRAT. The modelled proteins underwent Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation in a solvent environment to evaluate the stability of the multi-subunit vaccine. Furthermore, we conducted molecular docking through the ClusPro web server to elucidate potential interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4). Docking scores revealed a pronounced affinity of the multi-subunit vaccine for TLR2. Significantly, 100 ns MD simulation of the protein-receptor complex unveiled a persistent hydrogen bond linkage between the ARG63 residue of the sub-unit vaccine and the GLU32 residue of the TLR2 receptor. These findings collectively advocate the potential efficacy of the first multi-subunit vaccine from the potential hypothetical proteins of <i>P. falciparum</i>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01696-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"593-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics: an alternative anti-parasite therapy.","authors":"Sudeshna Mandal, Chandrani Mondal, Larisha M Lyndem","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01680-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01680-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper review about probiotic effects and mechanism of action against the gut and non-gut helminths and protozoan parasites. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are considered a serious health problem and are widely distributed globally. The disease process which emanates from this parasite infection provides some of the many public and veterinary health problems in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. Prevention and control of the parasite disease is through antihelmintic and anti-protozoan drugs, but, due to the increasing emergence of such drug resistance, eradication of parasite infestation in human and livestock still lingers a challenge, which requires the development of new alternative strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms i.e. probiotics is becoming interesting due to their prophylactic application against several diseases including parasite infections. Recent studies on the interactions between probiotics, parasites and host immune cells using animal models and in vitro culture systems has increased considerably and draw much attention, yet the mechanisms of actions mediating the positive effects of these beneficial microorganisms on the hosts remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the latest findings on the probiotic research against the gut and non-gut parasites of significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"409-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of mucus and tissue nucleoproteins extracted from <i>Biomphalaria alexandrina</i> snails on schistosomiasis <i>mansoni</i>.","authors":"Esraa H Nafie, Maha M Abou-Gamra, Hanan S Mossalem, Rania M Sarhan, Olfat A Hammam, Sami M Nasr, Mona M Anwar","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01692-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01692-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with considerable morbidity. The lone effective drug, praziquantel (PZQ), is showing emergence of drug resistance hence, searching for new supportive treatment is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mucus and nucleoproteins (NPs) extracted from <i>Biomphalaria alexandrina</i> (<i>B. alexandrina</i>) snails on miracidia, cercariae and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (<i>S. mansoni</i>) adults in vitro and assess their experimental in vivo effect through parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. The in vivo study included 90 male Swiss albino mice. Mice were grouped into 9 groups; G1-G5 were infected and treated with; GI: PZQ, GII: mucus, GIII: combined PZQ and mucus, GIV: NPs, GV: combined PZQ and NPs. Control groups; C₁: Non infected non treated (negative control), C₂: Infected non treated (positive control), C₃: Non infected mucus treated and C₄: Non infected NPs treated. The in vitro study proved that the mucus had a better lethal effect on cercariae than miracidia, while NPs had better lethal effect on miracidia. The mucus lethal effect on adults surpassed the NPs as 100% and 60%, respectively. The in vivo study proved that the combined NPs or mucus with PZQ added to the effect of individual PZQ resulting in 100% total worm burden (TWB) reduction. As regard oxidative stress markers, the lowest level of nitric oxide (NO) was shown with combined PZQ and NPs. While, the highest glutathione (GSH) level was produced by individual PZQ. The study concluded that mucus and NPs of <i>B. alexandrina</i> had cercaricidal, miracidicidal and anti-schistosomal effect in vitro and that their combination could be considered a contribution to PZQ potentiality in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"551-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}