{"title":"Molecular detection of <i>Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria</i>, and <i>Trypanosoma</i> infection in cattle and buffaloes in India.","authors":"Syeda Afshan Fatima, Hariprasad Naidu Gonuguntla, Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa, Laxmi Narayan Sarangi","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-parasitic diseases affecting bovines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemo-parasites in different farms in India. PCR assays were employed to detect carrier status, using gene targets <i>msp1b, tams1, rap-1, ama1,</i> and <i>ITS1</i> for <i>A. marginale, T. annulata, B. bovis, B. bigemina,</i> and <i>Trypanosoma</i> species, respectively. Out of the 578 apparently healthy animals screened, 30.45% (95% CI: 26.84-34.32%) were infected with at least one hemo-parasite. Cattle showed an overall positivity of 32.87%, while buffaloes had a prevalence of 15.19%, which was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Interestingly, prevalence was higher in indigenous cattle (47.81%) compared to cross-breeds (25.53%) and exotics (14.62%), with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of hemo-parasites varied widely among the farms, ranging from 5.77 to 100%. <i>A. marginale</i> was the most prevalent parasite (23.70% of animals), followed by <i>T. annulata</i> (13.67%), <i>Babesia</i> species (1.90%), and <i>Trypanosoma</i> species (1.56%). Enzootic instability was observed in six of the eight farms, indicating a potential for future outbreaks. Co-infection was detected in 60 out of 176 animals positive for hemo-parasites, with 59 animals co-infected with <i>A. marginale</i> and <i>T. annulata</i>, and only one cross-breed cattle infected with both <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> and <i>Babesia bigemina</i>. The findings highlight the prevalence of hemo-parasites in farms, underscoring the need for whole-herd screening, treatment of infected animals, and improvement in farm management practices to prevent production losses caused by these pathogens.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 3","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319688/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/5/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Immunology and Microbiology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-parasitic diseases affecting bovines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemo-parasites in different farms in India. PCR assays were employed to detect carrier status, using gene targets msp1b, tams1, rap-1, ama1, and ITS1 for A. marginale, T. annulata, B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Trypanosoma species, respectively. Out of the 578 apparently healthy animals screened, 30.45% (95% CI: 26.84-34.32%) were infected with at least one hemo-parasite. Cattle showed an overall positivity of 32.87%, while buffaloes had a prevalence of 15.19%, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Interestingly, prevalence was higher in indigenous cattle (47.81%) compared to cross-breeds (25.53%) and exotics (14.62%), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hemo-parasites varied widely among the farms, ranging from 5.77 to 100%. A. marginale was the most prevalent parasite (23.70% of animals), followed by T. annulata (13.67%), Babesia species (1.90%), and Trypanosoma species (1.56%). Enzootic instability was observed in six of the eight farms, indicating a potential for future outbreaks. Co-infection was detected in 60 out of 176 animals positive for hemo-parasites, with 59 animals co-infected with A. marginale and T. annulata, and only one cross-breed cattle infected with both Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. The findings highlight the prevalence of hemo-parasites in farms, underscoring the need for whole-herd screening, treatment of infected animals, and improvement in farm management practices to prevent production losses caused by these pathogens.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3.
期刊介绍：
The primary constituency of the Journal of Parasitic Diseases is parasitology. It publishes original research papers (pure, applied and clinical), which contribute significantly to any area of parasitology. Research papers on various aspects of cellular and molecular parasitology are welcome.
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