Journal of Parasitic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Molecular epidemiological studies of <i>Leucocytozoon caulleryi</i> in commercial layer flocks in Southern peninsular India reveal the presence of new subclusters.","authors":"Vasudevan Gowthaman, Thippichettipalayam Ramasamy Gopalakrishnamurthy, Alagarsamy Alagesan, Arumugam Balakrishnan, Shanmugasundaram Udhayavel, Saravanan Gunaseelan, Kandhasamy Senthilvel, Manickam Sasikala, Sengottuvel Jayachitra, Chinnaiyan Soundararajan","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01705-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01705-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Leucocytozoon</i> parasites are one of the important protozoa species affecting domestic poultry and wild birds. Though there are frequent reports about the incidence of <i>Leucocytozoon</i> in wild birds, the information regarding the occurrence of commercial poultry is underestimated. From October 2015 to August 2022, ailing and dead birds from 39 commercial layer flocks were submitted to the Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, with a history of brief illness, followed by mortality with oozing of blood from oro-nasal orifice. The presence of <i>Leucocytozoon caulleryi</i> was confirmed in all the flocks by laboratory examination and PCR. All the <i>Leucocytozoon</i>-positive cases were reported after heavy rainfall and the affected farms were inhabited with Culicoides flies. The infected birds were dull and depressed, exhibited labored breathing, and blood-tinted ropy mucous from the oro-nasal cavity. Necropsy examination revealed pale-anaemic comb and wattles, massive haemorrhagic clot over the surface of the kidney, peritoneum, and trachea, and scattering of greyish-white/reddish military megaloschizonts throughout the serosa of viscera and skeletal muscles. Histopathological examination revealed many spherical cysts or megaloschizonts in the intestine, pancreas, gizzard, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and breast muscles. The cysts were deeply seated within the above organ's parenchyma or embedded in the serosa. There was extensive connective tissue proliferation with mononuclear cell infiltration around the cyst. <i>Leucocytozoon</i>-specific DNA was detected in all the flocks by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene of <i>L. caulleryi</i> reported from various parts of the world revealed that <i>L. caulleryi</i> is grouped into two major clusters (Cluster I & II). Further, Indian <i>L. caulleryi</i> sequences fall under sub-cluster I and II along with <i>L. caulleryi</i> reported from Taiwan, Egypt, China, Myanmar, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"802-809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular identification of <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> in <i>Gallus gallus</i> and its phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA fragment in Kashmir valley, India.","authors":"Ishrat Ara, Humira Rashid Khan, Syed Tanveer, Nida I Fatima","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01724-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01724-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> is one of the most common round worms infecting wide range of terrestrial birds including domestic fowl. <i>H. dispar</i> and <i>H. isolonche</i> are the species of same genus which infect other hosts predominantly aquatic birds, but show morphological similarities mainly females of these species are difficult to identify. Here, we described the morphologically distinct features of <i>H. gallinarum</i> along with identification through molecular analysis using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA. Four hundred gastrointestinal tracts of domestic fowl were analysed for a period of 2 years. Light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used for determining the morphometric measurements and characteristic morphological features of <i>H. gallinarum</i>. A PCR based DNA sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA was used for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis was carried out through MEGA 11. Ninety gastrointestinal tracts were found to be infected with <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i>. The male worm displayed well developed lateral and caudal alae, caudal end had an anal sucker, 12 pairs of caudal papillae and cloaca from which 2 unequal spicules emerged. Female had visible vaginal bends, vulva present approximately in the middle of the body, and caudal end had a long pointed tail. Sequence analysis revealed that the PCR products of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA were 600 bp in size and showed 96-98% similarity with the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of <i>H. gallinarum</i> on BLAST analysis. Our ITS sequence of <i>H. gallinarum</i> showed a nucleotide divergence of 4.9% with <i>H. gallinarum</i> of Lucknow India. The phylogenetic analysis clearly differentiated <i>H. gallinarum</i> from the other representatives of the genus and revealed the relationship among different <i>Heterakis</i> species. The study revealed the infection status of <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> prevailing among domestic fowl, and need of strategic control measures. The results of the study suggest that ITS rDNA would serve as a potential molecular marker in identification, diagnosis and systematics of <i>Heterakis</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"904-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To quest new targets of <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite and their potential inhibitors to combat antimalarial drug resistance.","authors":"Pratyusa Biswas, Rini Roy, Kuldip Ghosh, Debjani Nath, Asmita Samadder, Sisir Nandi","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01687-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01687-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a global health challenge with significant mortality and morbidity annually, with resistant parasite strains complicating treatment efforts. There is an acute need for novel antimalarial drugs that can put a stop to the future public health crisis caused by the multi-drug resistance strains of the <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite<i>.</i> However, the discovery of these new components is very challenging in the context of the generation of multi-drug resistance properties of malaria. The novel drugs also need to have several properties involving enhanced therapeutic prospects, successful treatment capabilities, and novel mechanisms of action that will forestall the resistance. To successfully achieve this aim researchers are trying to focus on exploring promising malaria targets. Various approaches have been made for the development of drugs for malaria including the remodelling of existing drugs and the development of novel inhibitors which acts on new targets. Advancement in the study provides more information on the biology of parasites and the new targets which help in the development of novel drugs. The present review focuses on the study of novel targets of malaria parasites and subsequent inhibitors of those particular targets. Some of these targets include malarial protease, various transporter proteins, enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA, and nucleic acids like dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, apicoplast and dihydropteroate synthase. Other potential targets are also included in this review such as isoprenoid biosynthesis, farnesyl transferase of parasite, <i>P. falciparum</i> translational elongation factor 2, and phosphatidyl inositol 4 kinase. These promising targets have also been summed up along with their corresponding inhibitors for combating multi-drug resistance malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"671-722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction, conventional PCR and microscopy for detection of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> in bovines of Punjab (India).","authors":"Paramjit Kaur, Prayag Dutt Juyal, Amrita Sharma, Deepti Chachra, Chander Sekhar Mukhopadhyay, Lachhman Das Singla","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01722-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01722-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Babesia bigemina</i> is a major cause of bovine babesiosis, an economically devastating tick-borne disease that needs timely diagnosis for precise treatment. In present investigation, the detection efficacy of real-time PCR (qPCR) in comparison to conventional PCR and microscopy targeting 18 S ribosomal gene was evaluated on 95 bovines (70 cattle and 25 buffaloes) suspected for babesiosis. Real-time PCR was standardized with the 10-fold serial dilutions in duplication of the given positive control (2 × 10⁶ copy number) ranging from 10⁶ to 10⁰ copy number/µL and mean Ct value of each dilution was taken to extrapolate the curve. The samples with Ct value 36.92 of 10 copy number/µL were considered as positive. Out of 95 samples, 5 (5.26%), 21 (22.10%) and 49 (51.58%) positive by microscopy, conventional PCR and real-time PCR were in corresponding range of > 10⁶-10⁴, 10⁴-10³, and 10³-<10 copy number/µL, respectively. The concordance of real-time PCR with conventional PCR and microscopy was moderate (Kappa = 0.523) and slight (Kappa = 0.09), respectively. The cows were at four times risk than the buffaloes for <i>B. bigemina</i> infection (Odds ratio:3.85, CI:1.4255-10.4370). This pioneer report from Punjab state (India) of application of real-time PCR to detect <i>B. bigemina</i> in bovines was found to be more sensitive than conventional PCR and microscopy that needs further investigations on a greater number of random samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"917-923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the prevalence of trematode cercariae infection in freshwater snails in Manipur, India.","authors":"Umananda Yumnam, T Shantikumar Singh, Karma Gyurmey Dolma","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01709-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01709-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freshwater snails act as first intermediate carriers for numerous trematodes, which can induce sickness in both humans and animals. In Manipur, various species of freshwater snails have been discovered to harbor trematode infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of different varieties of freshwater snail species serving as the primary, intermediate hosts for various trematodes in endemic areas of paragonimiasis, a disease caused by <i>Paragonimus</i> trematodes found in two separate regions, Luwangsangbam matai in the Imphal East district and Moreh in the Tengnoupal district of Manipur province. These areas are known to be endemic for human paragonimiasis. We examined 4074 snails, including <i>Bortia costula</i>, <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i>, <i>Paludomous</i> <i>pustulosa, Indoplanorbis exustus</i> using the shedding and crushing method. Our findings revealed that 43(1.05%) snails were positive for different trematode cercariae. Specifically, <i>Bortia costula</i> was infected with <i>Fasciola spp</i>, and unidentified cercariae, while <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i> and <i>Paludomous pustulosa</i> harboured <i>Gymnacephalous</i> and <i>Echinostomous</i> cercariae. Interestingly, <i>Indoplanorbis exustus</i> did not show any infection with trematode cercariae. A strong association was found between these types of snail species and cercarial infection. Furthermore, statistical analysis did not demonstrate a significant correlation between the geographical location and cercarial infection among snail species. Our study provides the current status of the prevalence of trematode cercarial infection in these snails, offering insights into disease transmission dynamics and the role of snails in paragonimiasis epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"950-958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of Egyptian domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with Cysticercus pisiformis (Cestoda: Taeniidae): morphological, molecular, and histopathological diagnostic tools.","authors":"Soheir A H Rabie, Wafaa A Abuelwafa, Mouchira M Mohi Eldin, Nermean M Hussein","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01699-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01699-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysticercosis raises the alarm for domestic rabbits since it has a significant impact on their health, productivity, and nutritional value. In this study, several white creamy- colored cysts were detected in the mesentery of the stomach and intestine, as well as embedded in the liver of domestic rabbits collected from Qena Governorate, Egypt. Based on both morphological and molecular assessments, revealed cysts could be identified as <i>Cysticercus pisiformis</i>, the larval stage of <i>Taenia pisiformis</i>. Gross and histopathological investigations of infected organs were documented. To our knowledge, this is the first geographical report on <i>Cysticercus pisiformis</i> in domestic rabbits in Qena Governorate, using current morphological, molecular, and histopathological methodologies that provide critical data for developing diagnostic targets for <i>C. pisiformis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"810-822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoparasitism in grazing cattle and risk factors associated with husbandry management in an endemic area of Eastern Colombia.","authors":"Natalie Hell Mor, Julieth Viviana Montenegro Tavera, Julio César Tobón, Blanca Lisseth Guzmán Barragán, Giovanny Beltran López, Jimmy Jolman Vargas Duarte, Danny Wilson Sanjuanelo Corredor, Gabriel Andrés Tafur-Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01723-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01723-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector-borne pathogens induce hemoparasitism in cattle causing substantial economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas. Infectious cattle actively contribute to maintaining the transmission cycle, and the presence of these animals must be associated with husbandry management and environmental changes. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study sampling 1,000 bovines to identify infectious cattle diagnosed by a direct technique and employed a dichotomic questionnaire for association analyses, hierarchical clustering, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Overall prevalence with infectious cattle was 34.99%, where 97% of the farms had at least one infectious animal per genera, and the prevalence in properties ranged between 16.39 and 53.85%. Of these animals, 26.20% tested positive for <i>Anaplasma sp.</i>, 8.40% for <i>Babesia</i> spp., and 1.30% for <i>Trypanosome</i> spp. The main co-infection showed 5% <i>Anaplasma</i> sp. <i>- Trypanosome</i> spp., followed by 4% <i>Babesia</i> spp. - <i>Trypanosome</i> spp. These bovines showed association with the use of the Jersey breed (OR = 2.016 C.I:1.188-3.419), selling animals for replacement (OR = 1.417 CI:1.022-1.965), participation in livestock exhibitions (OR = 2.009 CI:1.262-3.199), premises with burials (OR = 2,064 CR: 1.414-3.011), use of palm kernel (OR = 1.935 C.I:1.198-3.124), and the use of ivermectin (OR = 1.548 CI: 1.085-2.210) as a susceptibility. The hierarchical clustering revealed clusters among properties with different hemoparasite prevalence, with notable co-infections observed. The subsequent PCA identified that significant risk factors contributed to hemoparasitism positivity. We conclude that infectious cattle in the endemic area showed an association with husbandry management that permits the success of vector and maintenance of the enzootic or epizootic cycle in the herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"924-935"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Antileishmanial effect of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin on <i>Leishmania major</i> in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"Amir Hossein Ghayour, Mahdi Delavari, Mohsen Arbabi","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01719-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01719-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01654-6.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"959-960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic activity of crude and separated extract of <i>Aloe vera</i> (Xanthorrhoeaceae) against bovine adults parasites of <i>Onchocerca ochengi</i> and infected larvae of drug resistant strains of the free-living nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Justin Kalmobe, Jacqueline Dikti Vildina, Djafsia Boursou, Honore Ndouwe Tissebe Menga, Simeon Fogue Kouam, Dieudonne Ndjonka","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01701-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01701-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human onchocerciasis is caused by the filarial worm. <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> is a parasite that forms nodules under the skin. The aim of this work was to assess the nematicidal activities of <i>Aloe vera</i> on <i>Onchocerca ochengi</i> and <i>Caenorahbditis elegans</i> and to determine the phytochemical compounds. Nodules were collected from the umbilical region of infected cattle, dissected and male worms were cultured in RPMI-1640. Worms were incubated with different concentrations of <i>A. vera</i> extracts in RPMI-1640 and M9-buffer. Polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid contents of extract were determined by using gallic acid and rutin as standards. The anthelmintic effect of <i>A. vera</i> extract against <i>O. ochengi</i> was concentration dependent with LC₅₀ of 20.71 µg/mL and 11.75 µg/mL after 48 and 72 h respectively. <i>A. vera</i> extract exerted concentration dependent lethal effects (LC₅₀ = 2747 and LC₅₀ = 31,937 µg/mL) against <i>C. elegans</i> (Wild Type). Methanolic-methylene chloride (MeOH-CH₂Cl₂) of <i>A. vera</i> extract exhibited high DPPH activity with an IC₅₀ value of 15 µg/mL and 9 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. The highest activity in adult worms was observed with the MeOH (100: 0) and AcOEtMeOH fractions with LC₅₀ values of 12.82 and 15.50 µg/mL respectively. EcOEtMeOH (8:2 v/v) was more effective (LC₅₀ = 250 µg/mL) on WT of <i>C. elegans. A. vera</i> contains polyphenols (1015.05 and AcOEtMeOH = 893.60), flavonoids (25.35 and MeOH = 225.76) and tannins (401.37 and Hex = 788.89). <i>A. vera</i> showed in vitro nematicidal activity against <i>O. ochengi</i> and <i>C. elegans</i>. <i>A. vera</i> could be used as an alternative anthelmintic for onchocerciasis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"891-903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of platelet rich plasma against experimental <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> infection: in vivo study in immunosuppressed mice.","authors":"Nada R Mahmoud, Azza I Younis, Rabab S Zalat, Ahmed S A Soliman, Mona M Khater","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01713-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01713-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was designed to assess the possible effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) when used individually and in combination with nitazoxanide (NTZ) on experimental <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>C. parvum</i>) infection. It was conducted on 100 male albino mice, laboratory bred in Theodore Bilharz Research Institute. Starting from the 7th day post infection (p.i), therapeutics were given to immunosuppressed infected mice, which were divided as follows; oral NTZ treated group (0.2 mg/g/day for 6 consecutive days), six-PRP-treated groups (0.5 μl/g/week) to be administered intravenously (IV) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd week as PRP alone in (3 groups) and combined with oral NTZ (0.2 mg/g/day for 6 consecutive days) in (3 groups). Parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of therapeutics under study were done. Fecal pellets collected from groups at different intervals were stained using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and examined under microscope. Among PRP-treated groups, the highest significant percentage of oocyst reduction (89.96%) was observed in the group received 3 doses of PRP in combination with NTZ on the 35th day post infection. Likewise, the histopathological examination of small intestinal tissue sections showed improvement in villous architecture with mild to moderate stunting and moderate inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria. Immunohistochemical staining of small intestinal tissue sections showed moderate increase in the expression of TGF-β1. Therefore, PRP can be a novel strategy in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis particularly when combined with NTZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"48 4","pages":"849-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}