Journal of Parasitic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> infection in transhumant dromedary camels in El Meniaa, Algerian Sahara.","authors":"Mohamed Anis Haroun, Mammar Khames, Said Fettata, Ishek Ketila, Missoum Berrekia, Yacine Khames, Mohammed Hocine Benaissa, Karine Benachour, Mustapha Oumouna","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01885-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-025-01885-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> (surra) infection is an enzootic disease of the dromedary camel. This parasitic infection is caused by <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i>, which is transmitted mechanically by hematophagous biting flies, particularly Tabanidae and Stomoxys spp. The disease can manifest in an acute form, resulting in death within a short period of time, or in a chronic form, where the animal suffers long-term deterioration in body condition. The aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> infection in transhumant dromedary camels in desert and semi-desert areas of the Algerian Sahara, mainly in the wilaya of El Meniaa. A total of 219 camel blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of <i>T. evansi</i> antibodies using the card agglutination test (CATT/<i>T. evansi</i>). Most camels examined showed respiratory problems, diarrhea, and weight loss. Overall seroprevalence was 28%. Some factors associated with <i>T. evansi</i> infection were analyzed using Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test. Regarding age distribution, the young (< 5 years) group showed a seroprevalence of 29.1%, the middle-aged (5-10 years) group had 25.8%, the adult (10-15 years) group showed the highest prevalence at 31.2%, while the older (> 15 years) group recorded the lowest prevalence (23.5%). However, the distribution of trypanosomiasis seropositivity showed no significant difference between the different age groups. Furthermore, a non-significant increase in prevalence (35.80%) was observed in summer compared with 23.18% in spring. There was no correlation between Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and dromedary trypanosomiasis in the camel population included in this study. The study showed that the wilaya of El Meniaa was significantly affected by dromedary trypanosomiasis, underlining the need for management strategies to control and treat this infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 3","pages":"784-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Kala-Azar dermal leishmaniasis: a systematic review of immunopathogenesis, molecular diagnostics, and public health impact.","authors":"Rishav, Nisar Ahmed, Yati Raj, P S V M Deepika, Manisha Lahkar","doi":"10.1007/s12639-026-01904-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-026-01904-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a chronic cutaneous sequela of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) that plays a critical role in disease transmission, particularly in endemic regions of South Asia and Africa. Despite global efforts to eliminate VL, PKDL remains a significant challenge due to its asymptomatic nature, delayed diagnosis, and limited treatment options. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse the immunopathogenesis, molecular diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic strategies for PKDL, with a focus on regional variations, diagnostic advancements, and treatment efficacy. A systematic literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies published between 2000 and 2025. The study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, focusing on research related to PKDL pathogenesis, diagnostic methods (PCR, ELISA, histopathology), and treatment approaches such as Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, and multidrug regimens. PKDL pathogenesis involves complex immune responses, with increased levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ contributing to disease persistence. The disease manifests differently in South Asia (macular and polymorphic lesions) and Africa (predominantly macular). Diagnostic advancements, including qPCR and immunohistochemistry, enhance detection but require improved accessibility. Treatment strategies, including Liposomal Amphotericin B and Miltefosine, show varying efficacy, with combination therapies emerging as more effective alternatives. However, drug resistance, relapse, and adverse effects remain challenges. PKDL continues to be a major obstacle to VL elimination. While molecular diagnostics and combination therapies improve case management, further research is needed to develop more effective, accessible diagnostic tools and safer treatment regimens. Strengthening public health interventions, expanding treatment access, and exploring novel therapeutic targets are essential to achieving PKDL control and elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 3","pages":"578-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology based identification of potential phytocompounds from <i>Betula utilis</i> in the treatment of leishmaniasis.","authors":"Aanchal Loshali, Sumaila Saifi, Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, Sandhya Bawa, Vidhu Aeri","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01897-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-025-01897-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is one of the most prominent worldwide flagellated protozoan parasite diseases. Natural products have gained attention as potential anti-leishmanial agents due to their fewer side effects, low toxicity, and cost effectiveness compared to conventional chemotherapy drugs. In the current study, the network pharmacology approach was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of <i>Betula utilis</i> derived phytochemicals against Leishmaniasis and toidentify potential anti-leishmanial agents targeting key proteins implicated in leishmaniasis progression.To carry out this study, several databases including Cytoscape, IMPPAT, Dr. Duke's, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and STRING database, were used to conduct network pharmacology to examine the biomolecular approach of metabolites of the plant in leishmaniasis disease. A total of 33 phytochemical components from <i>B. utilis</i> were analyzed, resulting in the identification of five major bioactive molecules: betulinic acid, betulin, lupeol, oleanolic acid, and karachic acid. These compounds had high affinity for a variety of leishmaniasis-related molecular targets, including MAPK1, NFKB1, TLR4, HSD17B10, and DHODH, among others. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created to identify essential connections, and Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment studies revealed their involvement in inflammation, immunological regulation, and apoptotic pathways. Among these metabolites, betulin and betulinic acid were found to be the most active metabolites with the most prominent interaction with the genes that play an active role in the pathophysiology of leishmaniasis. <i>B. utilis</i> may be identified potential source of anti-leishmanial drug candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 3","pages":"684-696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and host associations of parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from marine fishes of parangipettai and Nagapattinam, Southeast Coast of India.","authors":"Vijayapoopathi Singaravel","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01899-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-025-01899-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 15 species of parasitic isopods, belonging to six genera, were identified from the examined marine fishes. The species and their respective hosts included: <i>Cymothoa eremita</i> from <i>Parastromateus niger</i>; <i>C. indica</i> from <i>Ambassis ambassis</i> ; <i>Joryma brachysoma</i> from <i>Ilisha melastoma</i>; <i>J. hilsae</i> from <i>Pellona ditchela</i>; <i>Mothocya plagulophora</i> from <i>Hemiramphus far</i>; <i>M. renardi</i> from <i>Strongylura leiura</i>; <i>M. collettei</i> and <i>M. karobran</i> from <i>Tylosurus crocodilus</i>; <i>Nerocila phaiopleura</i> from <i>Sardinella longiceps</i>, <i>Chirocentrus nudus</i> and <i>Rastrelliger kanagurta</i>; <i>N. sundaica</i> from <i>Sardinella fimbriata</i>; <i>N. sigani</i> from <i>Siganus canaliculatus</i> ; <i>N. loveni</i> from <i>Opisthopterus tardoore</i>; <i>Norileca indica</i> from <i>Selar crumenophthalmus</i>; <i>N. triangulata</i> from <i>R. kanagurta</i>; and <i>Ryukyua circularis</i> from <i>Amblygaster sirm</i>. The analysis revealed that although most parasitic isopods are not strictly host-specific, they display a distinct site specificity. Infestations were localized to the gill chamber, buccal cavity, or body surface, depending on the parasite species. The pathological effects also varied according to the site of attachment: parasites on the body surface induced more severe external lesions, those in the gill chamber caused moderate damage affecting respiration, while infestations in the buccal cavity generally resulted in comparatively mild impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 3","pages":"716-726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and successful therapeutic management of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> infection in a 1.5-year-old female spitz from Tripura.","authors":"Pradyumna Chakraborty, Suvendu Kumar Behera, Sulanki Sarkar, H Prasad, J B Rajesh","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01870-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01870-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 1.5-year-old female Spitz dog was presented with a sudden onset of inappetence, weakness, anemia, and hemoglobinuria persisting for two days. The dog had a prior history of tick infestation. A thorough physical examination revealed pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, pale conjunctival and gingival mucous membranes, and a normal capillary refill time. Microscopic analysis of a Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smear identified the presence of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i>, which was further confirmed through PCR. Hematological analysis revealed severe anemia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemistry indicated significant hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Serum oxidant-antioxidant parameters revealed a marked increase in the level of oxidant and a decreased level of antioxidants. Genetic characterization based on the 18S rRNA gene fragment demonstrated complete sequence identity with <i>B. gibsoni</i> strains from Asia, Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate (PQ143276) was most closely related to <i>B. gibsoni</i> strains from Sri Lanka and Spain, following a distinct geographical pattern. The therapy included a combination of oral metronidazole, doxycycline, and clindamycin which resulted in a favourable response. The dog regained appetite and vigor by the 10th day post-treatment. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the few documented reports from Tripura that provides a comprehensive analysis of genetic characterization, phylogenetics, hemato-biochemical findings, and serum oxidant-antioxidant status of the infection, while also contributing to the understanding of its evolutionary relationships within the <i>Babesia</i> genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"461-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To explore molecular targets and combination antimalarial chemotherapeutics as tissue and erythrocytic schizonticides.","authors":"Shilpa Mandal, Nehadrita Chattoraj, Sisir Nandi, Asmita Samadder","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01882-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01882-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is a female anopheles mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by <i>Plasmodium sp.</i> The life cycle of <i>Plasmodium</i> begins with the entry of the sporozoites into a healthy human through the bite of an infected mosquito. These sporozoites synthesize circumsporozoite protein (CSP) which interacts with the host heparin sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors of hepatocytes facilitating their entry. The sporozoites start developing very fast and release thousands of Merozoites which then attack red blood corpuscles (RBCs). The merozoites have a very characteristic fibrillar coat of merozoite surface protein (MSP) protein which interacts with the Erythrocytic surface and undergoes proteolytic cleavage during invasion. The merozoites feed Hb of RBC and release free heme which is very toxic for the parasite. So, it undergoes detoxification of heme and forms hemozoin granules. Malaria treatment nowadays is concerned with one of the CSP inhibitor vaccines marketed is RTS, S (Repeats, T-cell epitopes, and Surface antigen, referring to the components used in its development) which is produced by 'T' cell epitope recombinant of CSP. It prevents the entry of sporozoite into hepatocytes by fusing the CSP with recombinant RTS, S protein Surface other antimalarial drugs that target the Erythrocytic stage are Quinine, Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, Mefloquine, Hydroxyethylamines. These either prevent the detoxification or invasion inside RBC or kill the parasite. Several combinations antimalarial chemotheraputics like ELQ300, MMV019066 are also used for the full reduction of parasite from the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"258-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue reactions and physiological changes with genetic characterization of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> infection in cattle herds.","authors":"Sara S Barsoum, Salma I El-Samannoudy, Abuelhassan Elshazly Younis, Marwa M Attia","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01867-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01867-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giardia intestinalis is a common protozoan parasite affecting both humans and animals. In livestock, infections can impact growth and productivity. To characterize Giardia infections in diarrheal cattle and assess associated physiological and genetic changes. One hundred calves (80 males, 20 females) from Faiyum Governorate were examined. Fecal and blood samples were analyzed for Giardia detection, oxidative stress markers, and immune gene expression. The TPI gene was sequenced for genetic characterization. In this study, 80 males and 20 females from a severely diarrheal cattle herd from the Faiyum Governorate were examined between January 2022 and May 2022 in order to characterize intestinal protozoa that caused severe diarrhea in cattle herds and determine their impact on physiological and immunological parameters. The blood of the infected animals was analyzed for oxidative stress and the infected intestine was examined for gene expression analysis to evaluate the cell-mediated appraisal. Fecal examination of severe diarrheic cattle revealed the presence of <i>Giardia</i> (<i>G. intestinalis</i>) trophozoites in 15 (15%) of 100 cattle analyzed. A microscopic examination of diarrheic-stained fecal smears with Giemsa revealed the presence of <i>G. intestinalis</i>. The TPI gene of the present parasite recognized morphologically as <i>G. intestinalis</i> was positively amplified using the pairs primers of the nested PCR. The PCR product was then directly sequenced and generated 505 bp. With the accession number OP441058, this sequence was added to the GenBank database. Giardia intestinalis causes significant physiological and immunological changes in calves, necessitating early detection and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, Iran: a comparative study.","authors":"Maryam Ranjbar Yanesari, Mohammadreza Youssefi, Fatemeh Zahra Gharib","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01869-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a zoonotic protozoan parasite with a wide host range, including cats, which are its definitive hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> infection among domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, Iran. A total of 94 cats, comprising 30 domestic and 64 street cats, were randomly selected and tested for <i>T. gondii</i> antibodies using ELISA. The overall prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> was found to be 24.47% (23/94), with infection rates of 23.3% in domestic cats and 25% in street cats. Age distribution analysis revealed that 40.43% of the cats were 1-2 years old, 38.30% were 2-3 years old, and 21.27% were over 3 years old. Additionally, 20% of male cats (9/45) and 28.57% of female cats (14/49) tested positive for <i>T. gondii</i>. These findings indicate a significant presence of <i>T. gondii</i> in both domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, highlighting the need for effective control measures to prevent the transmission of the parasite to humans and other animals. Further research is required to explore the transmission dynamics of <i>T. gondii</i> and to develop strategies for the prevention and management of the disease in cat populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria dynamics in Iran: insights from autochthonous and asymptomatic.","authors":"Fatemeh Sadeghi, Seyed Mohsen Mohebbi Nodez, Mousa Khosravani","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01851-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01851-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global efforts to eliminate malaria infection are continuing. Certain countries such as Belize and Cabo Verde were declared free status and Iran ended up in the elimination phase, but imported and subsequent autochthonous cases pose a public health challenge. Primary data on autochthonous and imported malaria were collected from Hormozgan province, Iran from CDC surveillance and control programmes between April 2018 and May 2023. Health professionals entered the data of malaria patients into Microsoft Excel and separated them into two categories: public data (demographic and socioeconomic) and clinical symptoms relevant to the local community, such as age, sex, nationality, occupation, residential status, and parasite species. The data was organized and statistical analyses were done using SPSS. The study included 289 cases (including imported and autochthonous cases): 87.5% male, and 12.5% female; Most of them were 11-29 years old. Vivax malaria was found in 78.9% of the total malaria cases. Afghans (imported) represented 56.7%, Pakistanis (imported) 30.8% and Iranians (autochthonous) 12.5%. In 2023, the number of cases reached its peak, especially in Jask County. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 45.25%, and the majority were treated. Imported malaria significantly contribute to maintenance of malaria transmission among native populations and has the potential to increase autochthonous malaria. The issue of illegal entry and unauthorized immigration demand systemic solutions through formal legal processes, such as legalization or deportation. There is a requirement to develop cost-effective approach, including active surveillance, rapid diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for imported and asymptomatic cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low human seroprevalence but persistent environmental reservoirs of <i>Toxocara</i> spp.: a One Health assessment in Abadeh City, Iran.","authors":"Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Ryan V Labana, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abbas Ali Jafari Nodoushan, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Veeranoot Nissapatorn","doi":"10.1007/s12639-025-01861-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01861-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxocariasis is an emerging zoonotic threat linked to environmental contamination and poor animal hygiene. Despite its relevance, integrated studies addressing human exposure and environmental contamination remain limited, especially in underexplored regions. This study provides baseline data on the emergence of toxocariasis in Abadeh City, Iran, using One Health approach. This cross-sectional study employed a One Health approach to evaluate <i>Toxocara</i> spp.: seroprevalence among 289 residents of Abadeh City, alongside soil contamination assessments in seven surrounding areas. Serological testing for anti-<i>Toxocara</i> IgG antibodies was conducted using ELISA, while soil samples were examined microscopically for <i>Toxocara</i> eggs using Sheather's sugar flotation method. While human seroprevalence was low at 1.73%, overall soil contamination reached 17.10%, with higher occurrence rates in residential alleys and peri-urban settings. Animal care significantly increased seropositivity risk (OR = 13.4769; 95% CI = 1.4803, 122.6952; <i>p</i> = 0.0210), highlighting zoonotic pathways. Environmental contamination pattern suggests ongoing risk despite low infection rates. Using a One Health framework, feedback loops between human behaviors and environmental contamination reinforce the need for targeted control measures. This study reveals an environmental reservoir of <i>Toxocara</i> spp. that could drive future human infections in Abadeh City. Integrating surveillance across human, animal, and environmental interfaces is essential to mitigate future zoonotic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"50 2","pages":"362-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}