Journal of Parasitic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective perspective on epidemiology, clinicopathological and therapeutic aspects of microfilariosis in buffaloes of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.","authors":"K V Ramakrishna, P Ramadevi","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01774-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01774-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing retrospective data collected over a period of nine years during the period from 2010 till 2019, an attempt was made to study various aspects of microfileremia in adult buffaloes in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. This study involves an analysis of epidemiological aspects of microfilariosis, clinical presentation and therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin. The study involved initial examination of 15,851 blood samples of buffaloes collected in the district from different sources and various predisposing factors influencing the incidence like season, stocking density, vector propagation, individual and herd stressors, age and lactation status were considered. Diagnostic specificity and applicability of available tests like wet blood smear examination, methylene blue staining, Giemsa's staining and Modified Knott's test were evaluated. The incidence was highest during July-September (6.6%) followed by October-December (6.1%), January-March (5.2%) and April-June (4.9%). Post monsoon warm and humid weather appears to favour the vector propagation and incidence. High proportion of microfilaremia at least 2-3 per alternate microscopic fields was presumed to be responsible for clinical microfilariosis than low infection like one motile parasite for every 3-6 microscope fields. Fourteen (14) clinical cases and equal number of healthy control animals, both are lactating, calved 4-5 month back, with an average milk yield of 6.8 L were selected for clinical studies and evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. Therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was evaluated by assessing the circulatory clearance rate of microfilaria, improvement in clinical signs and return to productivity. The possibility of spontaneous elimination of parasite without specific treatment was not considered with an aim for rapid recovery without complications. Supportive therapy aided in the correction of anemia and speedy recovery. Recurrence of microfileremia was not observed after two months of periodic post therapeutic evaluation and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"465-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of <i>Fasciola</i> and <i>Dicrocoelium</i> species isolates in ruminants livestock from Kashan and Arak in center of Iran.","authors":"Mohsen Arbabi, Hossein Hooshyar, Mahdi Delavari","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01771-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01771-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fascioliasis</i> and <i>Dicrocoeliasis</i> are important trematode infections that affect humans and ruminants worldwide. Molecular techniques have a conclusive role in detection of liver flukes. The purpose of the current study was to find outthe genotypic diversity of <i>Fasciola</i> and <i>Dicrocoelium</i> spp. isolated from different hosts in Iran. Totally, 160 and 200 adult <i>Fasciola</i> and <i>Dicrocoelium</i> spp. isolates were collected from infected cattle, sheep, and goatsfrom two abattoirs in the center of Iran.PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequences nuclear markers (18 S, 28 S, ITS) and the mitochondrial marker (ND1, CO1) were applied. PCR products of <i>Dicrocoelium</i> and <i>Fasciola</i> samples were subjected to digestion by <i>BfaI</i>, <i>Tru1I</i>, <i>BsrBI</i>, <i>ECO881</i>, and <i>Hind III</i> enzymes. DNA from 60 isolates of <i>Fasciola</i> and <i>Dicrocoelium</i> of different hosts were sequenced and evaluated. The PCR reaction showed the length of 18 S, 28 S, ND1, CO1 of <i>Fasciola</i> at 260 bp, 618 bp, 700 bp, and 500 bp, and the length of the ITS2 and 28 S of <i>Dicrocoelium</i> was 236 bp and 963 bp respectively. <i>D. dendriticum</i> has an RFLP pattern of 110, and 126 bp (ITS2), and 116, 293, 409 bp (28 S) using, <i>BfaI</i> and <i>Tru1I</i> restriction enzymes. <i>F. gigantica</i> has a profile of 333, and 285 bp (28 S) using <i>BsrBI</i> enzyme. The RFLP pattern of genotype <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> was 73, 120, and 507 bp (ND1) and 119 and 381 bp (CO1) in size using <i>Hind III</i> and <i>ECO881</i> enzymes. Using the PCR-RFLP, two species of <i>Fasciola</i> (<i>F. hepatica</i> and <i>F. gigantica</i>), and one species of Dicrocoelium (<i>D. dendriticum</i>) were identified. To uncover the genetic population structure of liver flukes across the country, future studies are still required.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitological and molecular detection of <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> in <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> and <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i> in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran.","authors":"Gholamreza Razmi, Saeed Yaghfoori, Amin Bakhshani, Ali Barati","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01760-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01760-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hepatozoon canis</i> infects the haemolymphatic tissues of both domestic and wild dogs, resulting in symptoms such as anemia and lethargy. The transmission of this parasite occurs primarily through <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> and various other ixodid tick species. A study was conducted to determine the tick vector of <i>H. canis</i> in dogs in the Mashhad region, Khorasan Razavi province, from 2018 to 2021. A total of 976 ixodid ticks were collected from 39 sheepdogs and 76 shelterdogs during activating seasons of ticks. Adult ticks were identified according to general identification keys. The collected female ticks were separated into 81 tick pools according to their species. The hemolymph smear was prepared from engorged and semi-engorged female ticks and stained with the Giemsa method, Then, the DNA of each tick pool was extracted using a commercial kit and analyzed by PCR. Two ixodid species, <i>R. sanguineus</i> and <i>R. turanicus</i> were identified in infested dogs. The frequency of <i>R. sanguineus</i> and <i>R. turanicus</i> infestation in sheepdogs was 80.25% and 19.75% and in shelterdogs 76.5% and 23.5%, respectively. <i>H. canis</i> DNA has only been detected in 15 (18.5%) tick pool samples of <i>R. sanguineus</i>. Immature oocysts of <i>Hepatozoon</i> were detected in two hemolymph smears obtained from engorged female <i>R. sanguineus</i> that tested positive via PCR and were collected from shelter dogs. It is concluded that <i>R. sanguineus</i> was the dominant tick in sheepdogs and shelter dogs in the Mashhad area. Moreover, the results of the molecular and parasitological examination indicated that <i>R. sanguineus</i> ticks <i>could</i> be a vector of <i>H. canis</i> in dogs in Iran for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminthic intestinal perforations in children: our experience.","authors":"Aniruddha D Bhagwat, Rashmi Patil, Apoorva Makan, Dhananjay Vaze, Pranav Jadhav","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01764-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01764-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal perforations by worms are rare. Ascariasis is the commonest helminthic infestation in the world. Ascariasis must be considered as a differential diagnosis in intestinal obstruction and perforation especially in endemic regions. The clinical presentation can vary from an asymptomatic patient to severe complicated disease. Symptoms depend on the intestinal worm load and intestinal obstruction is a common complication. Because of the rarity of helminthic intestinal perforations and more so given the large-scale migration from developing countries, we wish to emphasize the need to inculcate awareness among treating clinicians, even from the developed world, about this potentially dangerous yet treatable condition. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to prevent significant mortality and morbidity from disease complications. Conservative treatment is advised for uncomplicated intestinal Ascariasis. Surgery is life saving in Ascaris complications. There is no effective vaccine available till date. Prevention is better than cure. We present a case series analysis of five children with worm infestation and intestinal perforation, and report clinical presentations, imaging modalities used, treatment and outcomes for each of the case.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"368-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An antecedental approach in prevalence analysis of CBD parasites from rural population of eastern part of Meghalaya, India.","authors":"Damanbha Lyngdoh, Abhijeet Purkayastha, Rangksan Singh Thangkhiew, Mario Danny Hek, Calvin Donkupar Warjri, Philayung Zas","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01752-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01752-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasion of endoparasites into the human organ system causes a significant number of health issues and other clinical problems. In developing countries like India, such health predicaments are a well-established fact due to individuals' lifestyles as well as environmental factors to some extent. A very common case of parasitic infestation is seen with <i>Ascaris</i> sp., which is often overlooked in rural areas. Therefore, this study primarily focuses on determining the parasitic roundworms extracted from the common bile duct (CBD) of patients who came forward after experiencing severe conditions. The general trend of children being more affected than adults was observed in the study, with a maximum of 20 worms extracted from a 4-year-old child. All the patients who reported the same symptoms were thoroughly diagnosed and observed to exhibit normal health conditions. The rate of infection was higher in the case of female patients, indicating that females are more susceptible to the effects. The results provide valuable information about CBD parasites from cases in rural parts of eastern Meghalaya.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"306-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and albendazole in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.","authors":"Basma M Elmansory, Rabab Sayed Zalat, Eman Khaled, Noha Madbouly Taha","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01751-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01751-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidiosis is one of the main causes of fatal watery diarrhea, especially in immunocompromised patients worldwide. Although nitazoxanide (NTZ) is the only effective FDA approved drug for cryptosporidiosis, it is partially effective in immunocompromised patients. So, there is an urgent need for new alternatives for treating cryptosporidiosis in those patients. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB) as compared to NTZ and their combinations in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed infected mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups (G) with 10 mice each; GI: treated with NTZ. GII: treated with IVM. GIII: treated with ALB. GIV: treated with combined NTZ and IVM. GV: treated with combined NTZ and ALB. GVI: non-infected non-treated (negative control). GVII: infected non-treated (positive control). Parasitological, histopathological, and immunological studies were done for all studied groups. The combined therapy of NTZ and IVM showed the best results in reducing the oocysts shedding (reduction rate of 91.9%), healing the histopathological inflammatory changes of ileum, in addition to enhancing the cellular immune response by marked elevation of serum INF-γ levels as compared to the other treatment regimens. Therefore, we concluded that this synergistic combination is promising in controlling cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"343-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-environmental maps as tools to characterize the risk of parasitosis in the horticultural peri-urban area of La Plata, Argentina.","authors":"Andrea Celina Falcone, Gabriel Atilio Rivas, Daniela Patricia Nieto, Juan Manuel Unzaga","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01761-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01761-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Characterize the socio-environmental risk associated with parasitic infection based on the analysis of geographic distribution patterns and the population, household, and housing conditions of the productive peri-urban area of La Plata. A \"Kernel\" density map was used and a Socio-environmental Risk Analysis (SRA) criterion was developed to evaluate the tendency shown by the risk factors of parasitic contamination. The construction of the SRA was based on the variables of the concept of Unsatisfied Basic Needs and Territorial Vulnerability Index. In the \"Kernel\" density map a similar distribution trend was observed in the points analyzed that determine the presence of parasites, plots with intensive crops and the areas of highest altitude and watersheds of the basins. In the SRA, the majority of the surface area (71%) was important in the characterization of high risk. The houses built with sheet metal and wood, high critical overcrowding, limited access to waste collection, frequent flooding, distances to educational and limited access to health coverage are the variables that contributed most to the risk, confirming that access to drinking water and sewage systems are not the only limiting factors for parasitic infections. Consequently, non-farming families living in the region in conditions of similar materiality and without access to public services present a high risk of contamination by parasitic species. The information analyzed shows that the construction of distributive social policies and preventive health management to mitigate the presence of parasitic species in the region is priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"389-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Parasitological and molecular detection of <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> in <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> and <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i> in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran.","authors":"Gholamreza Razmi, Saeed Yaghfoori, Amin Bakhshani, Ali Barati","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01777-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01777-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01760-5.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"320-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal forms of <i>Myxobolus</i> sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) spores with caudal appendages in <i>Pellona castelnaeana</i> (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) from Marajó island, Brazil.","authors":"José Ledamir Sindeaux-Neto, Maylon Fernandes Amador, Jhonata Eduard, Michele Velasco","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01773-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01773-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Myxobolus</i> is one of the most speciose genera of myxozoans, most species are found infecting freshwater fish. Although the absence of caudal appendages is one of the main taxonomic criteria to differentiate this genus from other species, in some cases anomalous forms of <i>Myxobolus</i> are observed, with the presence of caudal appendages. The Brazilian Amazon contains a diverse fish population, which includes a large number of <i>Myxobolus</i> species, some of which are pathogenic. <i>Pellona castelnaeana</i> (Valenciennes, 1847) is a species with huge migratory flows that contributes for the population's diet food. This study reports the observation of <i>Myxobolus</i>, including aberrant forms, on the gills of <i>P. castelnaeana</i>, a freshwater fish. Gill arch cysts with myxospores were found in 90% of the specimens analyzed, with 5% having elongated caudal appendages ranging in size from 4 to 16 µm. This is the first report of <i>Myxobolus</i> Abnormal forms in Clupeiformes, adding to our understanding of the genus <i>Myxobolus</i> phenotypic plasticity in South American fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"447-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and serological assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin Loaded nanoparticles on <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> experimentally.","authors":"Howayda S F Moawad, Alaa M Elgendy, Sabah M A Mohamed, Esraa S Mousa, Raghda A Moustafa, Amira Abd El-Lateef Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s12639-024-01756-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12639-024-01756-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichinosis is a real threat to public health that infects humans and animals. Current treatments have high resistance and limited bioavailability. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the bioavailability of these drugs by developing new agents. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ivermectin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) and their combination with albendazole (ABZ) on the muscular and intestinal phases of trichinosis. We had eight main groups of mice: non-infected control; infected control; infected and treated with ABZ; infected and treated with ivermectin (IVM); infected and treated with CS NPs; infected and treated with ABZ and IVM; infected and treated with IVM-loaded CS NPS; and infected and treated with ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS. Two subgroups were formed for each group: a and b for both phases, intestinal and muscular, respectively. Drug efficacy was parasitologically, histopathologically, serologically, and molecularly evaluated. The ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS-treated group showed the highest statistically significant reduction in adult and encysted larval counts and a noticeable reduction of both intestinal and muscular inflammation. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α, iNOS, and IFN-γ gene expression when compared with the infected control. Although the level of IL10 was increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, IVM-loaded CS NPS enhanced the efficacy of ABZ against <i>T. spiralis</i>-infected mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases","volume":"49 2","pages":"322-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}