Journal of Pain Research最新文献

{"title":"Variability in Pain Traits Among Young Individuals with High and Low Pain Sensitivity.","authors":"Yongkang Zhi, Ziyu Mao, Ming Zhang, Yazhuo Kong","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S529198","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S529198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pain is a complex experience involving sensory, emotional, and cognitive components, with significant variability in sensitivity across individuals. Pain sensitivity is closely linked to pain-related traits, which influence how pain is perceived. However, it remains unclear whether differences in these traits exist between individuals with high or low pain sensitivity, which could have implications for predicting pain disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to examine the variability of pain-related traits in individuals with high or low pain sensitivity, using both self-report measures and quantitative sensory tests in a sample of 92 healthy young adults. Based on scores from the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and Somatosensory Sensitivity Scales (SeSS), participants were classified into high and low pain sensitivity groups using Gaussian Mixture Modeling. Subsequently, a range of pain-related measures-including pressure pain threshold (PPT), pain tolerance threshold (PTT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pain catastrophizing (PCS), and pain vigilance (PVAQ)-were used to examine interrelationships among traits across the two sensitivity groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that self-reported pain sensitivity mediated the relationship between pain threshold and pain catastrophizing. Notably, we identified distinct patterns in the correlations of pain-related traits between high and low sensitivity groups. In the high sensitivity group, pain-related cognitive traits were strongly correlated, while in the low sensitivity group, sensory traits were more prominent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide valuable insights into developing more effective pain coping strategies by considering differentiated sensitivity, particularly for individuals with chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3439-3450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Abdominal Discomfort Syndrome (CADS): A Narrative Review of Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Mayank Gupta, Anand S Patil, Peter Staats, Michael E Schatman, Hemant Kalia, Dawood Sayed, Amol Soin, Ganesan Baranidharan, Leonardo Kapural, Ahish Chitneni, Paul Verrills, Sudhir Diwan, Alaa A Abd-Elsayed, Timothy R Deer","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S524853","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S524853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Abdominal Discomfort Syndrome (CADS) is a recently proposed term that is a subclassification of Chronic Abdominal Pain, characterized by symptoms affecting clinical, diagnostic, and functional domains. Patients with CADS often have a history of abdominal surgery and experience chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, bloating, vomiting, and dyspepsia. This review explores the underlying pathophysiology of CADS, emphasizing the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in pain transmission. Various pharmacological treatments are discussed, including acid suppressants, antispasmodics, and analgesics, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. Non-pharmacological approaches such as intrathecal pumps, nerve blocks, peripheral nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation are also examined, providing insights into interventional pain management strategies. The review underscores the necessity of an individualized treatment algorithm due to the complexity of CADS and the multiple pain generators involved. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a structured approach to CADS treatment, incorporating both emerging and established therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3451-3462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Diagnostic Biomarkers for Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Bioinformatic Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms.","authors":"Yijun Sun, Guoqi Dong, Hui Gao, Yong Yao, Huayuan Yang","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S517733","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S517733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent inflammatory condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) has been demonstrated to effectively reduce the symptoms associated with RA. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EA in RA remained poorly understood. This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for RA and elucidated the molecular targets of EA by using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms in peripheral blood samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database containing samples from RA patients (GSE15573) and from RA patients after EA treatment (GSE59526) for bioinformatics analysis. Diagnostic biomarkers were identified using three distinct machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest and SVM-REF). A rat model of RA was established using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to confirm the differential expression of identified diagnostic biomarkers and assess the modulatory impact of EA on these genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six genes were identified as differentially expressed following EA treatment. Three machine learning algorithms converged on ARHGAP17 and VEGFB as potential diagnostic biomarkers for RA, exhibiting robust diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.75) and consistent expression patterns across multiple RA cohorts (GSE17755, GSE205962 and GSE93272). Besides, EA treatment significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the peripheral blood expression of both ARHGAP17 and VEGFB in CFA rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study employed three machine learning algorithms to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for the alleviation of RA by EA. The biomarkers demonstrated robust diagnostic performance across multiple validation datasets. Furthermore, animal experiments confirmed that EA exerted a favorable regulatory effect on these diagnostic biomarkers. The findings of this study provided novel therapeutic targets for the EA treatment of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3403-3414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Presurgical Risk Prediction Model for Chronic Post-Surgical Pain in Adults Undergoing Surgical Procedures: Development and Internal Validation of the P⁴-Prevoque Questionnaire [PERISCOPE Trial].","authors":"Davina Wildemeersch, Eva Wauters, Ella Roelant, Iris Verhaegen, Gudrun R De Clerck, Rowan Dankerlui, Vera Saldien, Guy H Hans","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S525692","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S525692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite extensive research efforts into risk factors and management strategies, the prevalence of chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) remains high. Additionally, the treatment of chronic pain is often complex, with outcomes frequently falling short of expectations. As chronic pain continues to be a significant global problem affecting medical, psychological and socioeconomic aspects, and with the growing number of surgeries performed, there is a pressing need for an early, comprehensive model to predict CPSP. Various models have been created in recent years to predict postsurgical pain. However, to date, no generalizable CPSP risk stratification model independent for type of surgery is extensively applied. This study aims to create a simple and effective model to predict presurgically the likelihood of CPSP occurring three months after elective surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, single center, pragmatic, pilot cohort study [PERISCOPE] in adult elective surgery patients was conducted at the Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium, between December 2022 and September 2023. More than 40 different types of surgeries in 11 disciplines were included. CPSP was defined as persistent pain in the surgical area, reported by the patient three months after surgery on a 11-level numeric rating scale. Biopsychosocial candidate variables, including health-related quality of life and psychosocial concerns, were identified based on clinical knowledge and literature review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final study population at our tertiary hospital included 415 patients of which 19.3% reported CPSP. Four predictors: preoperative pain intensity, education level, type of surgery and concerns about the planned surgery were identified leading to the best predictive model (P⁴-Prevoque™) in terms of area under the curve (0.81; 95% confidence interval [0.76, 0.87]) and significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The P⁴-Prevoque™ questionnaire is able to identify presurgically a major part of CPSP patients with a sensitivity of 74%, and specificity of 77%. Using four straightforward and readily available questions, the proposed user-friendly prediction model has the strength to be easily implemented in daily practice. Future research should focus on its further validation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05526976, Ethics Committee B3002022000112.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3415-3428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Effects Between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomic Analysis.","authors":"Shaoru Lin, Changwu Wu, Yimin Pan","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S523677","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S523677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies have demonstrated the correlation between various inflammatory proteins and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the causal relationship and directionality between them are still unclear. This study aims to analyze the potential causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and OA using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used bidirectional two-sample MR analysis, employing the inverse variance-weighted as the primary MR method. The GWAS summary data for OA were derived from The Musculoskeletal Knowledge Portal, while the GWAS summary data for 91 circulating inflammatory proteins were obtained from a recently published study. Furthermore, this study used two transcriptomic cohorts from the GEO database to explore differentially expressed inflammation-related genes (IRGs) in OA and identify key inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study provides suggestive evidence. The forward two-sample MR analysis found that the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, adenosine deaminase, C-C motif chemokine 19, interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha and latency-associated peptide transforming growth factor beta 1 have causal effects on lower risk of OA, and the levels of fractalkine, C-X-C motif chemokine 1, hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-8 have causal effects on higher risk of OA. Reverse two-sample MR analysis showed that hip OA has causal effects on the increased levels of caspase 8, protein S100A12, interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha, interleukin-7 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 and a causal effect on the decreased level of fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand. Knee OA has a causal effect on the increased level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 and decreased level of interleukin-1-alpha respectively. Furthermore, we identified six key OA-related IRGs through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, which could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the causal relationship between OA and specific circulating inflammatory proteins and develops potential OA-related inflammatory biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3383-3402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Functional and Structural Imaging of White Matter Reveals Brain Connectivity Alterations in Fibromyalgia Patients.","authors":"Ziyi Gao, Xinyan Xie, Fuyuan Liu, Tong Xu, Nan Zhang, Xinran Zhang, Yun Li, Youyong Kong, Dongling Lv, Ting Wu","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S512581","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S512581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a prevalent central chronic pain condition of unknown pathophysiology. White matter (WM) plays a crucial role in brain signal transmission, and WM structural abnormalities have been reported in FMS. However, functional WM changes in FMS patients have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether functional neural changes in WM accompany structural changes observed in FMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 43 FMS patients and 43 healthy controls. Structural and functional analyses of WM were assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), respectively, to explore WM alterations in FMS patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural analysis revealed altered FA values in the left corticospinal tract (CST), right cingulate/hippocampus, right fornix/stria terminalis (FX/ST), superior occipitofrontal fasciculus (SOFF), right superior corona radiata (SCR), right posterior corona radiata (PCR), sagittal stratum, and left medial lemniscus (ML) in FMS patients. Some regions showing structural changes also showed changes in resting-state functional activation. Functional analysis showed that FMS patients have reduced ALFF values in the left CST, left ML, right PCR, right cingulate/hippocampus, and right FX/ST. Furthermore, the degree of ALFF reduction in the right cingulate/hippocampus and left ML was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and pain severity scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a preliminary exploration of the mechanisms underlying FMS in terms of WM functional signals. The observed reduction in WM functional activation offers novel insights into the pathophysiology of FMS and highlights potential targets for WM-focused therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3361-3370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the Application Rules and Clinical Significance of Acupoints in Acupuncture Treatment of Migraine Based on Data Mining [Letter].","authors":"Zhe Shen, Chuanlong Zhou, Xianming Lin","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S548954","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S548954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3359-3360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on Efficacy of Acupuncture and Pharmacotherapy for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Letter].","authors":"Luyao Fu, Zhuoyi Li, Ruijie Ma","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S547779","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S547779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3371-3372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Acupoint Selection and Combinations in Acupuncture Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Protocol for Data Mining.","authors":"Yujun He, Lu Li, Miao Zhou, Yi Xu, Jie Tang, Yachao Wu, Minhui Liu, Bowen Xing, Xiaojun Li, Xiaoyi Wang","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S533617","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S533617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trigeminal neuralgia is a prevalent neurological disorder within neuropathic pain. It severely impairs patients' quality of life, disrupting daily activities with intense facial pain. While acupuncture has proven effective in treating it, there's no consensus on acupoint selection. Different acupuncturists use various acupoints based on personal theories and experiences, and the optimal acupoints remain unclear due to varied analgesic mechanisms. This lack of clarity obstructs the standardization of acupuncture treatment, emphasizing the need for further research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our purpose is to conduct the first thorough data mining analysis to identify the most effective acupoint selection and combinations for treating trigeminal neuralgia from published clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will search 8 electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Chongqing VIP Database) from inception to May 2025. Clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on the management of trigeminal neuralgia will be selected. We will strictly screen literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then extract relevant data for analysis. Descriptive statistics will be performed in Excel 2021. Association rule analysis will be performed in SPSS Modeler 14.1. Exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, and decision tree analysis will be performed in SPSS Statistics 26.0. Since the study was based on published studies, no ethical approval was required.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study will investigate the most effective acupoint selection and combinations for patients with trigeminal neuralgia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings will provide evidence for the effectiveness and potential treatment prescriptions of acupoint application for patients with trigeminal neuralgia, helping clinicians and patients make a more informed decision together.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3373-3381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Streptozotocin Induces Variants in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Female Mice.","authors":"Michelle A Hagenimana, Audrey R Green, Jessica A Tierney, Melissa E Lenert, Michael D Burton","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S523693","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S523693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>At least half of the 34 million diabetic patients in the US develop painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Recent evidence suggests that there are sex differences in the prevalence and mechanisms underlying pathological pain states. However, due to technical limitations in murine models, there is a dearth of the use of females in diabetic neuropathy research. There is a need to develop a reproducible model to induce painful DPN in both sexes. The predominately used model employs streptozotocin (STZ) administration via intraperitoneal injections. This strategy consistently induces diabetic pathology in males, but not females. We set out to enhance a current murine DPN model by identifying a method for inducing diabetic pathologies in male and female mice and tracking the development of painful neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Painful DPN was induced in both male and female mice through five daily intravenous injections of STZ. Metrics of diabetic pathology and pain behaviors were assessed across the development of painful DPN. To investigate neuronal sensitivity, calcium imaging assessing dorsal root ganglia neurons was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that after intravenous administration of STZ, both male and female mice exhibited elevated blood glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and increased mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Interestingly, we observed a subset of STZ-insensitive animals that displayed comparable elevated glucose levels to the STZ-sensitive animals. Calcium imaging was performed to investigate neuronal sensitivity and we found that both male and female mice with diabetic pathology had a lower latency to peak capsaicin-induced response compared to their control counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that intravenous administration of STZ can induce comparable diabetic neuropathy in male and female mice and opens the door for future preclinical studies on diabetic neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"18 ","pages":"3345-3357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}