Journal of Parkinson's disease最新文献

{"title":"Reciprocity in research: Participant views on return of results in the WATCH-PD qualitative study.","authors":"Mirinda Tyo, Jennifer Mammen, Jocelyn Silva, Varun Reddy, Nami Shah, Kristin Magan, John Hornickel, Sue Marek, Russell Lott, Dang Thao-Uyen, Tatiana Solodova, Joyce H Cadorette, Peggy Auinger, Melissa Kostrzebski, Katherine Purdy, Catherine M Kopil, Diane Stephenson, Jamie L Adams","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261491598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261491598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundResearch participants increasingly desire access to their personalized results. A growing emphasis on patient engagement and recognition of participants as partners in research has intensified ethical considerations around data sharing and return of results. While some research teams have started returning personalized results, important questions remain about how to do so responsibly and effectively.ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of people with Parkinson's on return of individual research results, including preferences regarding digital data.MethodsThis qualitative sub-study was conducted as part the WATCH-PD study (Wearable Assessments in The Clinic and at Home in PD). Online qualitative interviews to explore perceptions on return of research results were conducted annually each year from 2022-2025. Content analysis techniques were used to analyze transcripts.Results33 participants completed interviews and were included in the analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) Most participants desire to receive personal results provided the results are understandable to them; (2) Knowing personal results could support disease management and future planning; and (3) Access to data is an ethical obligation of the research team and a reciprocal return of personal information.ConclusionsParticipants in this study wanted the choice to receive personal research results, and most preferred disclosure even when findings might be unfavorable. Although returning person-level data presents logistical and ethical challenges, engaging participants as partners through transparent data sharing may strengthen engagement, trust, and advance patient-centered research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261491598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The site of absorption matters: Small bowel dysmotility and levodopa pharmacokinetics in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Karen G Raphael, Daniel M Corcos, Guillaume Lamotte","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261490414","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261490414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plain language summary<b>Looking Past the Stomach to the Small Intestine to Explain Unreliable Parkinson's Medication Absorption</b>People with Parkinson's Disease (PD) rely on the medication levodopa to move well, but over time it often works unpredictably. Doctors usually blame the stomach, which can empty too slowly in Parkinson's, a condition called gastroparesis. However, levodopa is absorbed not in the stomach but one step further along, in the small intestine. In this letter we argue that slow movement through the small intestine, which standard stomach tests cannot detect, may be the real cause. One author had a normal stomach test but a very slow small intestine. The small intestine deserves far more attention when medication fails.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261490414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of FDG-PET biomarker analysis methods in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Erik Reimers, Connor Bevington, A Jon Stoessl, Vesna Sossi","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261492275","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261492275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite well-established clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD), challenges remain in early-stage diagnosis, differentiating atypical parkinsonism disorders, and understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Neuroimaging, particularly positron emission tomography (PET) with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), plays a crucial role by offering in vivo assessments of brain activity through glucose metabolism, a marker of neuronal function. FDG-PET has demonstrated consistent metabolic abnormalities in PD, even in early or ambiguous stages, supporting its potential as both a diagnostic and mechanistic tool. Recent advancements in analytical methods, including regional univariate, pattern-based multivariate, network connectivity, and machine learning approaches, have allowed for more detailed exploration of PD-related brain dysfunction across multiple spatial, temporal, and organizational scales. This review provides an overview of the various FDG-PET analysis methods, discussing their principles, strengths, and limitations, with an emphasis on their utility for applications in PD, including both diagnostic applications and insights into underlying neural mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261492275"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image-guided programming improves motor control in chronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A prospective study.","authors":"Jun Seok Lee, Jongmok Ha, Sumin Kim, Jin Whan Cho, Jung-Il Lee, Jinyoung Youn","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261492273","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261492273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundImage-guided programming (IGP) enables optimization and personalization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with Parkinson's disease. Although its role in initial programming has been examined, evidence for its value in chronic stimulation remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IGP in individuals with Parkinson's disease receiving chronic subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS with conventional programming (CP).MethodsWe reviewed optimal stimulation configurations using IGP with STIMVIEW™ XT in 30 patients with PD implanted with directional DB2202 electrodes. When discrepancies were identified between CP- and IGP-derived configurations, stimulation parameters were adjusted. Motor outcomes were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Parts III and IV and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) at baseline and 1 month after switching to IGP.ResultsDiscrepancies between CP- and IGP-selected configurations were found in at least one electrode in 20 patients (66.7%), and 18 were included in the analysis. Of these, 11 (61.1%) showed improvement in MDS-UPDRS Part III and/or IV scores, 4 (22.2%) showed no change, and 3 (16.7%) worsened. Mean MDS-UPDRS Part III scores significantly decreased from 20.7 ± 16.5 to 16.9 ± 13.3 (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and LEDD from 655.2 ± 326.6 mg to 609.9 ± 311.1 mg (<i>p</i> = 0.046). Discrepancies occurred more often in stimulation direction than level, and IGP-based stimulation was applied bilaterally in most individuals.ConclusionIGP for STN-DBS can improve motor symptom control in patients with Parkinson's disease. It may benefit those with suboptimal outcomes under CP and represent a practical approach for individualized DBS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261492273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating a biopsychosocial perspective: WHODAS 2.0 enhances functioning assessment in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Nathalia de Brito Pereira, Rebeka Amanda Dias, Katia Cirilo Costa Nobrega, Isaíra Almeida Pereira da Silva Nascimento, Fernando Fachine da Silva Fidelis, Luiza Mattos Aranha, André Frazão Helene, Antonio Carlos Roque, Carsten Eggers, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261470254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1877718X261470254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functioning is a critical health indicator alongside mortality and morbidity, yet it remains under-assessed in Parkinson's disease (PD), where symptom-based scales predominate. Identifying functional limitations across multiple domains is essential to improve care and guide tailored interventions. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), offers a biopsychosocial measure of disability applicable across conditions and cultures. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe functional impairments across PD severity stages using WHODAS 2.0 and to examine whether stage-related differences remained after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration, education, and socioeconomic status. A total of 352 individuals were grouped by Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stages 1 through 4. Remote assessments included the Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory, MDS-UPDRS Parts I and II, and WHODAS 2.0. The most affected domains were Mobility, Household Activities, and Participation. Significant differences across H&Y stages were identified in all WHODAS 2.0 domains. Adjusted median regression models showed that H&Y stage remained globally associated with all domains after controlling for age, sex, education, socioeconomic level and disease duration. Self-care, Household Activities, Mobility, and Getting Along showed early differences, whereas Cognition, Participation, Work/School Activities, and overall disability burden became more evident in intermediate and advanced stages. WHODAS 2.0 total scores correlated strongly with MDS-UPDRS Parts I and II, while the WHODAS 2.0 Cognition domain showed a moderate negative correlation with T-MoCA. These findings indicate that WHODAS 2.0 captures stage-related functional profiles across multiple life domains in PD, providing information that complements traditional symptom-based scales. By identifying early limitations in self-care, household activities, mobility, and interpersonal functioning, as well as later involvement of cognition, participation, and work/school activities, WHODAS 2.0 may support person-centered assessment and early multidimensional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261470254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trials in late-stage Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Margherita Fabbri, Silvia Gallo, Tiago Machado, Pierre Pacilio, Olivier Rascol, Joaquim J Ferreira","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261491591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261491591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Late-stage Parkinson's disease (LSPD) represents an under-recognized and under-studied phase of PD characterized by severe axial motor symptoms, high non-motor burden, cognitive impairment, functional dependence, and substantial caregiver involvement. Despite its major clinical and socioeconomic impact, LSPD seem to be largely excluded from clinical trials, likely due to advanced disability, mobility limitations, and the lack of appropriately adapted outcome measures.To better characterize the representation of this population in research, we conducted a systematic review of clinical trials listed in major clinical trials registries, focusing on studies that included participants with a Hoehn and Yahr stage of 4 or 5. As of January 2026, 353 registered trials allowed inclusion of individuals with LSPD; however, many of these studies applied exclusion criteria related to dementia. Most trials investigated pharmacological or rehabilitation interventions targeting axial or global motor symptoms. Among the published studies (27.8% of the total), only 30% actually enrolled participants with LSPD.Our findings confirm the limited inclusion of individuals with LSPD in clinical research. Broadening eligibility criteria, implementing decentralized or home-based trial designs, incorporating caregiver-centered outcomes, and adopting cognitively adapted assessment tools may foster a more inclusive and patient-centered research framework. Such efforts are essential to better address the needs of this growing and vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261491591"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13597955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation on functional autonomy and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Laura Culicetto, Maria Cristina De Cola, Fabiana Pia Vitiello, Giulia Marafioti, Viviana Lo Buono, Anita Maria Sophia Cusumano, Chiara Sorbera, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Angelo Quartarone, Silvia Marino","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261461967","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261461967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily targeting motor complications refractory to pharmacological treatment. However, its long-term impact on functional autonomy and quality of life (QoL) remains debated.ObjectiveThis systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of STN-DBS on autonomy and QoL in people with PD.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies including adults with PD treated with STN-DBS and reporting measures of autonomy and/or quality of life.ResultsThirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed effect estimates favoring DBS at 6 months (SMD = 0.83[0.38;1.29]) and at 1 year (SMD = 0.49[-0.02;0.99]) for autonomy. Similar trends were observed for QoL, with SMD = 0.60[0.49;0.71] at 6 months and SMD = 0.48[0.0;0.96] at 1 year.At 2 years, small but significant pooled effects persisted, for both autonomy SMD = 0.40[0.13;0.67] and QoL SMD = 0.25[-0.04;0.53]. However, at 5 years, pooled effects were no longer statistically significant for either autonomy SMD = 0.37[-0.55;1.29] or QoL SMD = -0.01[-0.25;0.22], indicating a progressive attenuation of benefit over time.ConclusionsSTN-DBS provides robust short- and mid-term benefits in functional autonomy and QoL in PD. Long-term outcomes are variable and influenced by disease progression and non-motor symptoms. Standardized outcome reporting, larger multicenter trials, and integration of rehabilitative and psychosocial interventions are needed to optimize benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261461967"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition endpoints for Parkinson's disease: A roadmap for developing patient-focused assessment tools to accelerate drug development.","authors":"Chris J Edgar, Kathleen L Poston, Cheryl D Coon, Fraser D Bocell, Tien Dam, Yuge Xiao, Catherine M Kopil, Tanya Simuni, Daniel Weintraub, Morel Thomas","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261483866","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261483866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent and impactful feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), with substantial heterogeneity in onset, severity, and progression, and a high lifetime risk of dementia. Despite its clinical importance, effective treatments and fit-for-purpose outcome measures remain limited. This article reports outcomes from a multi-stakeholder roundtable convened by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, outlining priorities to advance patient-focused endpoints and improve clinical trial design to accelerate therapeutic development for cognitive dysfunction. In the context of the current understanding of cognitive impairment across the PD/dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) spectrum and existing neuropsychological assessment approaches, recommendations are made regarding necessary literature reviews, including qualitative data and related conceptual models, disease models including pathophysiology and neuropsychological profile, and clinical outcome assessment (COA) reviews, including content validity, psychometrics, and fitness-for-purpose. Additionally, novel conceptual models of cognitive impairment across the normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia spectrum are needed and may require further qualitative evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261483866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous apomorphine infusion modulates cortical hyperexcitability and abnormal plasticity in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Francesco Marchet, Sara Pietracupa, Carolina Cutrona, Flavia Aiello, Matteo Costanzo, Giorgio Leodori, Giorgio Vivacqua, Antonella Conte, Giovanni Fabbrini, Alfredo Berardelli, Nicola Modugno, Daniele Belvisi","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261479077","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261479077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated the clinical benefit of apomorphine subcutaneous infusion in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether apomorphine infusion also modulates the abnormal motor cortical excitability and plasticity that contribute to PD pathophysiology and progression.MethodsWe investigated the effects of continuous apomorphine infusion on cortical excitability and plasticity in patients with moderate-advanced PD, assessed at baseline and after 1, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to evaluate: i) motor cortex excitability (via input-output (I-O) recruitment curves and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) at 100-140% of resting motor threshold); ii) intracortical inhibition/facilitation (SICI; ICF), and plasticity using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS). Kinematic analysis of finger movements quantified bradykinesia. Eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent baseline assessments for comparison.ResultsAt baseline, PD patients showed increased cortical excitability and reduced iTBS-induced plasticity compared to HC. After 24 weeks of continuous apomorphine infusion, cortical excitability decreased (reduced I-O slope and MEP amplitudes at 120-140% rMT), and plasticity improved (greater MEP facilitation 30 min post-iTBS). Clinically, motor and non-motor symptoms improved paralleled by a significant reduction in oral levodopa dose. Changes in excitability correlated with changes in motor performance.ConclusionsWe found that continuous apomorphine infusion was associated with progressive modulation of selected cortical markers in PD, in parallel with clinical improvement. These findings also highlight the potential value of cortical markers for monitoring treatment response in advanced PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261479077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis, short-chain fatty acid depletion and implications for neuroinflammation in atypical parkinsonian syndromes - a systematic review of patient cohorts.","authors":"Samiullah Amin Khan, Tobias Hegelmaier, Florian Wegner, Matthias Höllerhage, Melissa Peters, Alexander Duscha, Christiane Desel, Aiden Haghikia, Martin Klietz","doi":"10.1177/1877718X261485793","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1877718X261485793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionAtypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) pose a major clinical challenge due to their progressive disease course, reduced life expectancy and resistance to dopaminergic therapy. The gut microbiome has gained increasing attention as a potential contributor to APS etiology and progression.AimThe literature analysis aims to systematically evaluate alterations in the gut microbiome in APS, their correlation with clinical symptoms and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.Material and methodsPubMed and Web of Science were searched separately for ''progressive supranuclear palsy'', ''multiple system atrophy'' and ''corticobasal syndrome'', each combined with \"gut microbiome\" AND \"human\". Inclusion criteria were ≥ 10 subjects per group, clinically confirmed APS and gut microbiome analysis in a case-control, cross-sectional, longitudinal or randomized controlled trial study design. 7 studies met the inclusion criteria (1 PSP, 1 PSP/MSA, 5 MSA). No studies with CBS patients could be included.ResultsThe gut microbiome is altered in APS compared to healthy controls, with several alterations correlating with clinical symptoms in individual studies. A reduction of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria and an enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa were observed, alongside impaired markers of intestinal barrier integrity.Discussion and conclusionAPS are associated with dysbiosis that correlates with clinical symptoms, although causality remains to be established. Generalizability is limited due to the lack of geographic heterogeneity in the included studies. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are required to identify robust microbial markers and therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parkinson's disease","volume":" ","pages":"1877718X261485793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}