Journal of Orthopaedic Research®最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of External Rotation Torque of Short External Rotator Muscles in Hip Flexion Position.","authors":"Yoshiaki Ito, Daisuke Suzuki, Fumiya Kizawa, Arata Kanaizumi, Toshihito Hiraiwa, Takashi Tamura, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Satoshi Nagoya","doi":"10.1002/jor.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preservation of the short external rotator muscles of the hip is effective in preventing dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. The external rotation torque exerted by the short external rotator muscles can resist internal rotation of the hip joint; however, the absence of quantitative data on external rotation torque makes it difficult to determine which short external rotator muscles should be preserved. We compared the external rotation torque of individual short external rotator muscles in hip flexion. The external rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, conjoined tendon, and obturator externus was evaluated in 15 fresh-frozen cadaveric hips from 0° to 105° of hip flexion, by applying muscle force based on physiological cross-sectional area to the muscle-string model constructed along the anatomical course of each muscle on the pelvis. External rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, and conjoined tendon peaked at 15° hip flexion, and then decreased as the hip flexed. External rotation torque of the obturator externus increased as the hip flexed. At 75° of flexion or more in deep flexion, ranges associated with a high risk of dislocation, the obturator externus had the highest external rotation torque. External rotation torque of the obturator externus was, on average, 2.18 times greater than that of the conjoined tendon at 90° of hip flexion, and 3.80 times greater at 105° flexion. These findings, which include the element of muscle force, suggest that preservation of the obturator externus is the most effective in resisting dislocation among the short external rotator muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No study has evaluated dislocation resistance based on external rotation torque, including both a force component and muscle course. In this study, we estimated the muscle force of the short external rotator muscles from the PCSA, and quantitatively evaluated how that muscle force changes as external rotation torque during hip flexion. While approaches to hip replacement surgery and the preservation of tissues vary, our results suggest criteria for which muscles should be effectively preserved to resist dislocation in selective dissection of the posterior soft tissues of the hip joint. In future, surgeons will be able to advocate surgical approaches that are less invasive and more resistant to dislocation, which will require clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles in Lower Limb From the Perspective of Muscle Quality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Gakuto Kitamura, Manabu Nankaku, Takumi Kawano, Shinichi Kuriyama, Shinichiro Nakamura, Kohei Nishitani, Shuichi Matsuda, Ryosuke Ikeguchi","doi":"10.1002/jor.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This observational cohort study aimed to comprehensively assess the muscle quality of gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. Seventy-seven patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for total knee arthroplasty participated in this retrospective cohort study. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lower limb muscles was assessed using computed tomography images, and muscular attenuation was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU). Muscle quality was categorized into four groups based on HU values: intramuscular fat tissue, very low-density muscle (VLDM), low-density muscle (LDM), and normal-density muscle. The ratio of the four tissue CSAs was calculated and compared between surgical scheduled side (affected side) and contralateral side or among gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. The results revealed affected side had a lower ratio of normal-density muscle in all muscle groups compared to contralateral side. In addition, gluteus had the highest intramuscular fat tissue CSA ratio, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. Gluteus also had significantly higher ratios of VLDM and LDM than quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. The ratio of normal-density muscle CSA was the lowest in the gluteus, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. This study provides a detailed characterization of lower limb muscle quality in patients with knee osteoarthritis, demonstrating that gluteus have higher fat infiltration and lower normal-density muscle compared to the quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. These findings highlight the importance of assessing muscle quality in gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles for optimal rehabilitation planning in patients with knee osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Is Superior to Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma in Improving Muscle Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis.","authors":"Li-Ping Lin, Jong-Hwei Su Pang, Tung-Yang Yu, Chih-Chin Hsu, Yu-Cih Liao, Wen-Chung Tsai","doi":"10.1002/jor.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapies involving platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been validated in extant research to be efficacious for acute muscle injury treatment. The influence of PRP leukocyte concentration on muscle regeneration under acute muscle injury conditions is uncertain. We executed our current research with the purpose of probing the influence exerted by leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) treatment and that exerted by leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) treatment on muscle regeneration. A rat model of muscle injury was adopted. Treatment involved local LR-PRP, LP-PRP, or normal saline injection at 1 day after muscle injury. At 7, 14, and 21 days post-injury, muscle regeneration was evaluated. Specifically, to evaluate such regeneration, histological sections underwent immunofluorescence staining, and muscle contractile properties were assessed. Angiogenesis was detected through a tube formation assay as well as through immunofluorescence staining that was executed for both CD31 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. LR-PRP was noted to increase centronucleated myofiber quantity and myofiber size to a greater extent when contrasted against LP-PRP. In addition, in injured muscles, LR-PRP was determined to enhance fast-twitch strength recovery and tetanic strength recovery. Both PRP variants promoted In Vitro and In Vivo angiogenesis, with LR-PRP promoting angiogenesis to a significantly greater extent. LR-PRP improves muscle regeneration by promoting angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Initiating Postoperative Mobilization for Healing Enthesis in Onto-Surface Repair.","authors":"Takuma Naka, Ken Kumagai, Kimi Ishikawa, Yusuke Inoue, Youhei Kusaba, Kiyotaka Nagashima, Daiki Watanabe, Hyonmin Choe, Hiroyuki Ike, Naomi Kobayashi, Yutaka Inaba","doi":"10.1002/jor.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the optimal timing for starting mobilization after enthesis repair surgery. A total of 28 8-week-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral Achilles tendon detachment and repair. We randomized animals into four groups based on the duration of immobilization: no cast group, no immobilization; 7 days group, immobilization for 7 days; 14 days group, immobilization for 14 days; or 30 days group, immobilization for 30 days. Samples were harvested for biomechanical and histological analyses following euthanasia at 30 days after surgery. Histological findings showed abundant fibrocartilage formation in 7 days group, limited fibrocartilage formation in 14 days group, and no fibrocartilage formation in no cast or 30 days group. Histological score was significantly higher in 7 days group than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05 each). Biomechanical analysis showed that the mean load to failure was significantly higher in 7 days and 14 days groups than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that starting mobilization following short-term (1 week) immobilization is the optimal timing to improve structural and mechanical properties of healing enthesis. This provides insight into the optimization of rehabilitation protocols following enthesis repair surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic Patellar and Quadriceps Tendon Length Pre- and Post-Autograft Harvest: Reliability and Concurrent Validity.","authors":"Andrew Sprague, George Raum, Naoaki Ito","doi":"10.1002/jor.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensor mechanism autografts used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, namely bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadriceps tendon (QT), may result in harvest-site tendon elongation. Extended field of view (EFOV) ultrasound imaging has the potential to evaluate changes in tendon length, but the reliability and validity of these methods in this population are unknown. This study evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of measurement methods to assess sonographic quadriceps and patellar tendon lengths before and after autograft harvest. Reliability: EFOV ultrasound images were collected by one examiner pre- and post-graft harvest and measured by three examiners in 20 participants (10 BPTB, 10 QT). Measurements were repeated by one examiner blinded to the initial results. Examiners utilized two measurement methods: (1) traditional bony landmarks; (2) novel landmarks less likely to be compromised by bone plug harvest. Validity: EFOV measurements were compared to direct caliper measurements in 20 cadavers. Reliability and validity were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson's correlation coefficients, and measures of error. Intra-rater reliability for both methods were good to excellent (Pre: Patellar: 0.81-0.99, Quadriceps: 0.97; Post: Patellar 0.82-0.91, Quadriceps: 0.91-0.92) and moderate to excellent for inter-rater (ICCs Pre: Patellar: 0.90-0.99, Quadriceps: 0.96; Post: Patellar: 0.80-0.96, Quadriceps: 0.71-0.75). Standard errors of the measurement were lower for the traditional method for each tendon. ICCs for concurrent validity were moderate to good (Patellar: 0.73, Quadriceps: 0.83). STATEMENT OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: EFOV ultrasound can reliably measure patellar and quadriceps tendon length before and after autograft harvest for ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jor.25891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"43 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.25891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Editorial Board and TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jor.25890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25890","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"43 7","pages":"1213-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.25890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Plate-Bone Contact on Bridge Plate Fracture Fixation Biomechanics: Computational, Experimental, and Analytical Modeling.","authors":"Zachary A Koroneos, Hwabok Wee, J Spence Reid, Gregory S Lewis","doi":"10.1002/jor.26114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.26114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bridge plating is commonly used for internal fixation of comminuted fractures. The inner working length between screws has been established as a key parameter controlling postoperative biomechanical stability. However, plate-bone contact may affect these biomechanics in complex ways, and the offset between the plate and bone is variable across surgeries. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of construct and loading parameters on interfragmentary motion and maximum plate stress of bridge plating constructs. Finite element models were developed with variations in inner working length, plate-bone offset, fracture gap size, and loading type and magnitudes. Experiments with synthetic bones were conducted in parallel to support model credibility. Analytical models were also developed based on beam bending and torsion of the plate, assuming rigidity outside the inner working length. Finite element and experimental results of axial and torsional loading scenarios without plate-bone contact confirmed linear relationships between inner working length and interfragmentary motion. Analytical predictions of interfragmentary motion showed very good agreement with the finite element simulations in these scenarios. Conversely, in cases with plate-bone contact, a shorter effective working length was formed, and results were dependent on additional variables such as fracture gap. The study shows how the mechanics of bridge plating can be understood and predicted based on beam theory up to the point of plate-bone contact, and how interfragmentary motions and maximum plate stresses are influenced by the interaction of surgical variables in the presence of plate-bone contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Glenohumeral Musculoskeletal Development Following Brachial Plexus Birth Injury","authors":"Emily B. Fawcett,&nbsp;Kyla B. Bosh,&nbsp;Katherine R. Saul,&nbsp;Jacqueline H. Cole","doi":"10.1002/jor.26104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.26104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI), one of the most common nerve injuries in children, often leads to impaired shoulder development, resulting in sustained postural and bone deformity and muscle weakness. Despite the substantial long-term consequences, clinical consensus is lacking for what BPBI treatments are optimal in terms of timing and approach, primarily because BPBI sequelae are complex, involving stunted muscle growth, muscle denervation, and limb disuse that can disrupt glenohumeral joint development. Injury can occur as nerve rupture (postganglionic injury) or nerve avulsion (preganglionic injury), which have distinct musculoskeletal consequences yet are often treated similarly clinically due to their similar initial presentations and the inability of existing methods to distinguish between them. Most of our clinical knowledge about the musculoskeletal detriments in the shoulder comes from studies in nerve rupture patients. Knowledge is generally lacking for the specific effects of injury location on the development and progression of muscle and bone deficits following BPBI. A better understanding of the distinct effects of postganglionic and preganglionic BPBI is important for developing more effective and targeted treatments. More studies are needed to elucidate differences between nerve rupture and nerve avulsion and the particular factors driving glenohumeral deformity development. This paper reviews current knowledge about clinical musculoskeletal deformity development in the shoulder following BPBI, as well as additional insights gleaned from animal and computational models, and identifies key gaps that need to be addressed in future studies to inform better approaches for mitigating and preventing glenohumeral deformity in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"43 8","pages":"1367-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.26104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Scale Analysis of Regional Pathology in the Human Trapezium During Osteoarthritis Progression.","authors":"Brendan D Stoeckl, Kendall M Masada, Lorielle G Laforest, Hannah H Lee, Robert L Mauck, David R Steinberg","doi":"10.1002/jor.26112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.26112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts hand function and quality of life. In this study we sought to close gaps in knowledge related to the initiation and progression of TMC OA on the tissue scale by evaluating the morphology and gross appearance, wear patterns, mechanical properties, subchondral bone morphology, and histological characteristics of the tissue across a spectrum of disease severity and by correlating each of these properties to the clinically assessed radiographic grade. Thirty-two cadaveric hand specimens were first assigned a radiographic grade by three hand surgeons. Trapezia were then evaluated for cartilage wear and eburnation. Cartilage mechanics were assessed via indentation testing across the TMC surface. Bone morphology was evaluated via micro-computed tomography, and stained histologic sections were assessed with histopathology scoring. Analysis revealed that radiographic grading is a lagging indicator of joint pathology, with degenerative changes occurring before radiographic evidence. While cartilage wear followed regional patterns (beginning at the volar and radial aspects), mechanical weakening of cartilage occurred uniformly across the joint. These findings suggest TMC OA involves both mechanical wear and biological factors, rather than being purely a \"wear and tear\" disease. We confirmed that radiographic staging is not sensitive to TMC OA initiation and early progression; however, it may still be useful for its predictive power in later stages of disease, given its strong correlations to both functional (cartilage mechanical properties) and structural (osteochondral histology score) outcomes. This understanding could inform the development of early interventions and more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}