Journal of Orthopaedic Research®最新文献

{"title":"Development of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Lumbar and Femoral BMD Estimation System Using Anteroposterior Lumbar X-Ray Images.","authors":"Toru Moro, Noriko Yoshimura, Taku Saito, Hiroyuki Oka, Sigeyuki Muraki, Toshiko Iidaka, Takeyuki Tanaka, Kumiko Ono, Hisatoshi Ishikura, Naoya Wada, Kenichi Watanabe, Masayuki Kyomoto, Sakae Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/jor.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early detection and treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fragility fractures are urgent societal issues. We developed an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system that estimated not only lumbar bone mineral density but also femoral bone mineral density from anteroposterior lumbar X-ray images. We evaluated the performance of lumbar and femoral bone mineral density estimations and the osteoporosis classification accuracy of an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system using lumbar X-ray images from a population-based cohort. The artificial neural network consisted of a deep neural network for estimating lumbar and femoral bone mineral density values and classifying lumbar X-ray images into osteoporosis categories. The deep neural network was built by training dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived lumbar and femoral bone mineral density values as the ground truth of the training data and preprocessed X-ray images. Five-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated BMD. A total of 1454 X-ray images from 1454 participants were analyzed using the artificial neural network. For the bone mineral density estimation performance, the mean absolute errors were 0.076 g/cm² for the lumbar and 0.071 g/cm² for the femur between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived and artificial intelligence-estimated bone mineral density values. The classification performances for the lumbar and femur of patients with osteopenia, in terms of sensitivity, were 86.4% and 80.4%, respectively, and the respective specificities were 84.1% and 76.3%. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The system was able to estimate the bone mineral density and classify the osteoporosis category of not only patients in clinics or hospitals but also of general inhabitants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1619-1631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Is Superior to Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma in Improving Muscle Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis.","authors":"Li-Ping Lin, Jong-Hwei Su Pang, Tung-Yang Yu, Chih-Chin Hsu, Yu-Cih Liao, Wen-Chung Tsai","doi":"10.1002/jor.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapies involving platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been validated in extant research to be efficacious for acute muscle injury treatment. The influence of PRP leukocyte concentration on muscle regeneration under acute muscle injury conditions is uncertain. We executed our current research with the purpose of probing the influence exerted by leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) treatment and that exerted by leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) treatment on muscle regeneration. A rat model of muscle injury was adopted. Treatment involved local LR-PRP, LP-PRP, or normal saline injection at 1 day after muscle injury. At 7, 14, and 21 days post-injury, muscle regeneration was evaluated. Specifically, to evaluate such regeneration, histological sections underwent immunofluorescence staining, and muscle contractile properties were assessed. Angiogenesis was detected through a tube formation assay as well as through immunofluorescence staining that was executed for both CD31 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. LR-PRP was noted to increase centronucleated myofiber quantity and myofiber size to a greater extent when contrasted against LP-PRP. In addition, in injured muscles, LR-PRP was determined to enhance fast-twitch strength recovery and tetanic strength recovery. Both PRP variants promoted In Vitro and In Vivo angiogenesis, with LR-PRP promoting angiogenesis to a significantly greater extent. LR-PRP improves muscle regeneration by promoting angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1545-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of External Rotation Torque of Short External Rotator Muscles in Hip Flexion Position.","authors":"Yoshiaki Ito, Daisuke Suzuki, Fumiya Kizawa, Arata Kanaizumi, Toshihito Hiraiwa, Takashi Tamura, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Satoshi Nagoya","doi":"10.1002/jor.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preservation of the short external rotator muscles of the hip is effective in preventing dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. The external rotation torque exerted by the short external rotator muscles can resist internal rotation of the hip joint; however, the absence of quantitative data on external rotation torque makes it difficult to determine which short external rotator muscles should be preserved. We compared the external rotation torque of individual short external rotator muscles in hip flexion. The external rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, conjoined tendon, and obturator externus was evaluated in 15 fresh-frozen cadaveric hips from 0° to 105° of hip flexion, by applying muscle force based on physiological cross-sectional area to the muscle-string model constructed along the anatomical course of each muscle on the pelvis. External rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, and conjoined tendon peaked at 15° hip flexion, and then decreased as the hip flexed. External rotation torque of the obturator externus increased as the hip flexed. At 75° of flexion or more in deep flexion, ranges associated with a high risk of dislocation, the obturator externus had the highest external rotation torque. External rotation torque of the obturator externus was, on average, 2.18 times greater than that of the conjoined tendon at 90° of hip flexion, and 3.80 times greater at 105° flexion. These findings, which include the element of muscle force, suggest that preservation of the obturator externus is the most effective in resisting dislocation among the short external rotator muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No study has evaluated dislocation resistance based on external rotation torque, including both a force component and muscle course. In this study, we estimated the muscle force of the short external rotator muscles from the PCSA, and quantitatively evaluated how that muscle force changes as external rotation torque during hip flexion. While approaches to hip replacement surgery and the preservation of tissues vary, our results suggest criteria for which muscles should be effectively preserved to resist dislocation in selective dissection of the posterior soft tissues of the hip joint. In future, surgeons will be able to advocate surgical approaches that are less invasive and more resistant to dislocation, which will require clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1655-1665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Distal Femur Fracture in Antegrade Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Proximal Femur Fractures: A Finite Element Study.","authors":"Gregory R Roytman, Sophia Lahik, Steven M Tommasini, Daniel H Wiznia, Brianna R Fram","doi":"10.1002/jor.26113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.26113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgeons often use long antegrade intramedullary nails (aIMNs) when fixing fractures of the proximal femur in geriatric patients. However, risk of peri-implant fracture in relation to aIMN termination level has not yet been studied. We therefore studied the correlation between aIMN nail tip termination level and extent of distal femur fracture in three different loading scenarios using finite element models of seven different length aIMNs. These were loaded into 3D models of synthetic osteoporotic femurs, which were loaded in single-leg stance (SLS) with body weight load at the femoral head, torsion (TOR) counterclockwise to failure with 120 Nm of torque, and distal impact/fall (DIF) simulating direct fall on the knees at 1000 mm/sec. The maximum stress in SLS and percentage of failed elements for TOR and DIF were recorded. For SLS, aIMN tip termination and maximum stress were not correlated (ρ = 0.1429, p = 0.7599) and there was no apparent trend in the data. For TOR, more proximal aIMN tip termination demonstrated a significant correlation with greater percentage of failed area (ρ = 0.9286, p = 0.0025). For DIF, aIMN tip termination was not correlated with the percentage of failed elements (ρ = -0.6071, p = 0.1482), but demonstrated a statistically significant Gaussian relationship (coeffs: <math> <semantics> <mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow> </mrow> <annotation><math display=\"inline\" altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor26113:jor26113-math-0001\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" wiley:location=\"equation/jor26113-math-0001.png\"><mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></mrow></math></annotation></semantics> </math>  = 2.22 (p = 1.13 × 10^-3), <math> <semantics> <mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow> </mrow> <annotation><math display=\"inline\" altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor26113:jor26113-math-0002\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" wiley:location=\"equation/jor26113-math-0002.png\"><mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></mrow></math></annotation></semantics> </math>  = 58.61 (p = 1.89 × 10^-5), <math> <semantics> <mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow> </mrow> <annotation><math display=\"inline\" altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor26113:jor26113-math-0003\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" wiley:location=\"equation/jor26113-math-0003.png\"><mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></mrow></math></annotation></semantics> </math>  = 17.46 (p = 1.79 × 10^-3)) where 60 mm aIMN tip termination demonstrated the greatest percentage of failed area. Therefore, we found a strong linear relationship between more proximal aIMN termination in the femur and extent of failure in TOR. There was a statistically significant Gaussian relationship between metaphyseal termination and extent of failure in DIF.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1599-1605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Histologic Evaluation of Pulvinar Synovium Provides Insight Into Osteoarthritis Progression Secondary to Femoroacetabular Impingement.","authors":"Benjamin D Kuhns, Dane R G Lind, Adam Goff, Marc Philippon, Nicholas A Felan, Kohei Yamaura, Haruki Nishimura, Joel Matta, Raymond Kim, Chelsea S Bahney, Johnny Huard, Marc J Philippon","doi":"10.1002/jor.26115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.26115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have used femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a model for hip osteoarthritis, however, the cellular mechanisms underlying disease progression remain unclear. Pulvinar abnormalities within the cotyloid fossa are common findings during hip preservation surgery and total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to compare histologic inflammation and gene expression of pulvinar synovial tissue in patients with FAI and patients with hip osteoarthritis secondary to FAI (FAI-OA). Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI and THA for osteoarthritis with FAI morphology (FAI-OA) were included. Macroscopic evaluation of the pulvinar for the FAI cohort was classified through the ligamentum-fossa-fovea complex (LFFC) grading system. RNA was isolated for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of inflammatory genes. Synovial samples were graded according to the histologic synovitis scoring system. Twenty-nine patients were included in the study (17 FAI and 12 FAI-OA). FAI patients had a lower pulvinar synovial score (2.3 ± 1.1) compared to FAI-OA patients undergoing THA (3.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.04). Macroscopic pulvinar inflammation in the FAI cohort according to the LFFC classification was associated with worsening histologic synovitis (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). There were no differences in gene expression between the FAI and FAI-OA cohorts, while there was increased expression of IL1β, TGF-β1, and PPARγ in subjects without significant pulvinar synovitis. Increased catabolic gene expression by the pulvinar tissue of patients without histologic synovitis earlier in the disease process may promote the development of worsening synovitis and contribute to articular cartilage degeneration. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the role of the pulvinar tissue within the hip, both macroscopically and biochemically, can help surgeons understand the complexities of the presentation and progression of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1647-1654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Osteoarthritis-Specific Anatomical Features and Gait Patterns on Medial Compartment Loading in the Presence of Ligament Laxity.","authors":"Miel Willems, Bryce A Killen, Sara Havashinezhadian, Katia Turcot, Ilse Jonkers","doi":"10.1002/jor.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural changes in ligaments, particularly reduced stiffness, contribute to increased knee joint laxity in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In silico modeling offers a valuable method to systematically assess how OA-related ligament alterations affect knee kinematics and contact mechanics. Understanding these effects requires considering OA-specific variations in joint geometry, alignment, and gait patterns. A previously developed musculoskeletal modeling workflow was used to incorporate common KOA-related anatomical variations and gait pattern variations. A probabilistic simulation approach assessed the impact of ligament-induced joint laxity on medial compartment loading. Ligament stiffness and reference strains were modeled as independent Gaussian distributions, centered at nominal model stiffness (-20%) and slack length (+20%), with standard deviations set at 5% based on literature-reported values. Increased medial compartment loading at the second peak occurred when posterior tibial translation and external tibial rotation were combined with either: (1) a gait pattern involving decreased ankle dorsiflexion and hip external rotation, increased foot eversion, and knee extension, or (2) a gait pattern with increased lumbar extension, trunk ipsilateral side bending, hip internal rotation, and knee internal rotation. These conditions also resulted in the largest shift in the center of pressure. While both anatomical variations and gait patterns influence knee joint loading, ligament stability plays a key role in determining medial compartment loading magnitude and location. These findings highlight the need to monitor ligament constraints in rehabilitation and computational models to develop personalized interventions that minimize excessive joint stress and slow disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1592-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Scale Analysis of Regional Pathology in the Human Trapezium During Osteoarthritis Progression.","authors":"Brendan D Stoeckl, Kendall M Masada, Lorielle G Laforest, Hannah H Lee, Robert L Mauck, David R Steinberg","doi":"10.1002/jor.26112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.26112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts hand function and quality of life. In this study we sought to close gaps in knowledge related to the initiation and progression of TMC OA on the tissue scale by evaluating the morphology and gross appearance, wear patterns, mechanical properties, subchondral bone morphology, and histological characteristics of the tissue across a spectrum of disease severity and by correlating each of these properties to the clinically assessed radiographic grade. Thirty-two cadaveric hand specimens were first assigned a radiographic grade by three hand surgeons. Trapezia were then evaluated for cartilage wear and eburnation. Cartilage mechanics were assessed via indentation testing across the TMC surface. Bone morphology was evaluated via micro-computed tomography, and stained histologic sections were assessed with histopathology scoring. Analysis revealed that radiographic grading is a lagging indicator of joint pathology, with degenerative changes occurring before radiographic evidence. While cartilage wear followed regional patterns (beginning at the volar and radial aspects), mechanical weakening of cartilage occurred uniformly across the joint. These findings suggest TMC OA involves both mechanical wear and biological factors, rather than being purely a \"wear and tear\" disease. We confirmed that radiographic staging is not sensitive to TMC OA initiation and early progression; however, it may still be useful for its predictive power in later stages of disease, given its strong correlations to both functional (cartilage mechanical properties) and structural (osteochondral histology score) outcomes. This understanding could inform the development of early interventions and more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1581-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles in Lower Limb From the Perspective of Muscle Quality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Gakuto Kitamura, Manabu Nankaku, Takumi Kawano, Shinichi Kuriyama, Shinichiro Nakamura, Kohei Nishitani, Shuichi Matsuda, Ryosuke Ikeguchi","doi":"10.1002/jor.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This observational cohort study aimed to comprehensively assess the muscle quality of gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. Seventy-seven patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for total knee arthroplasty participated in this retrospective cohort study. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lower limb muscles was assessed using computed tomography images, and muscular attenuation was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU). Muscle quality was categorized into four groups based on HU values: intramuscular fat tissue, very low-density muscle (VLDM), low-density muscle (LDM), and normal-density muscle. The ratio of the four tissue CSAs was calculated and compared between surgical scheduled side (affected side) and contralateral side or among gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. The results revealed affected side had a lower ratio of normal-density muscle in all muscle groups compared to contralateral side. In addition, gluteus had the highest intramuscular fat tissue CSA ratio, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. Gluteus also had significantly higher ratios of VLDM and LDM than quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. The ratio of normal-density muscle CSA was the lowest in the gluteus, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. This study provides a detailed characterization of lower limb muscle quality in patients with knee osteoarthritis, demonstrating that gluteus have higher fat infiltration and lower normal-density muscle compared to the quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. These findings highlight the importance of assessing muscle quality in gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles for optimal rehabilitation planning in patients with knee osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1556-1565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Initiating Postoperative Mobilization for Healing Enthesis in Onto-Surface Repair.","authors":"Takuma Naka, Ken Kumagai, Kimi Ishikawa, Yusuke Inoue, Youhei Kusaba, Kiyotaka Nagashima, Daiki Watanabe, Hyonmin Choe, Hiroyuki Ike, Naomi Kobayashi, Yutaka Inaba","doi":"10.1002/jor.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the optimal timing for starting mobilization after enthesis repair surgery. A total of 28 8-week-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral Achilles tendon detachment and repair. We randomized animals into four groups based on the duration of immobilization: no cast group, no immobilization; 7 days group, immobilization for 7 days; 14 days group, immobilization for 14 days; or 30 days group, immobilization for 30 days. Samples were harvested for biomechanical and histological analyses following euthanasia at 30 days after surgery. Histological findings showed abundant fibrocartilage formation in 7 days group, limited fibrocartilage formation in 14 days group, and no fibrocartilage formation in no cast or 30 days group. Histological score was significantly higher in 7 days group than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05 each). Biomechanical analysis showed that the mean load to failure was significantly higher in 7 days and 14 days groups than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that starting mobilization following short-term (1 week) immobilization is the optimal timing to improve structural and mechanical properties of healing enthesis. This provides insight into the optimization of rehabilitation protocols following enthesis repair surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":"1535-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Underestimation of Two-Dimensional Anterior and Posterior Glenoid Bone Loss Measurements Varies According to Bone Morphology.","authors":"Allen A Champagne, Jay M Levin, Eoghan T Hurley, Jacob N Dowe, Brian C Lau, Oke Anakwenze, Matthew T Provencher, Christopher S Klifto, Jonathan F Dickens","doi":"10.1002/jor.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative means of characterizing glenoid bone loss (GBL) remain a growing field of interest. Here, a 3D volumetric GBL estimation is compared against standard 2D methods for GBL computation to elucidate the effect of morphological differences in glenoid anatomy as a culprit for mis-estimating GBL. Twenty-two shoulder MRIs from healthy participants (19 ± 0.5 years) were segmented to isolate the glenoid. Anterior and posterior bone defects (5%-25%) were simulated according to established patterns of GBL in shoulder instability. Circle-of-best-fit and surface-based measurements of percent GBL were compared against the proposed 3D volumetric computation using Spearman correlations. Discrepancies in 2D measurements relative to 3D parameters were analyzed in the context of glenoid bony morphology derived from depth-based projection mapping. Very weak to moderate agreement was documented for both anterior and posterior defects. Direct comparison of 2D perfect-circle and surface-area methods against 3D measurements showed that 2D methods often over- or under-estimate percent GBL, which varies according to bone morphology. Greater variability in 3D volumetric GBL measurements was observed across all defects, suggesting greater morphological variability captured by the 3D-based computation. MRI-based volumetric analysis of 3D glenoid reconstruction may provide relevant insight for understanding the role of morphological differences in estimating critical bone loss toward improving clinical decision making for surgical management of shoulder instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}