Journal of Orthopaedic Research®最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Modulation of Murine Tenocyte Behavior by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.","authors":"Afton K Limberg, Lily M Giurleo, Victoria Ruiz, Amritha Anup, Jay C Buckey, Frances D Faro, Douglas W Van Citters, Katherine R Hixon","doi":"10.1002/jor.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tendon injuries often result in prolonged healing and excessive scar tissue formation due to chronic hypoxia in this poorly perfused tissue. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), a non-invasive treatment currently used for chronic wounds, may improve tendon healing by relieving hypoxia. However, the effects of HBOT on tendon cells, particularly tenocytes, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the in vitro effects of HBOT on murine Achilles tenocytes cultured under basal and inflammatory conditions induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Tenocytes were exposed to 30, 60, or 90 min of HBOT at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) and assessed for changes in in vitro wound healing using a scratch assay, mitochondrial activity, cell viability, collagen deposition, and gene expression at 24- and 72-h post-treatment. HBOT increased collagen deposition, while transiently suppressing gene expression of collagen types I and III immediately following HBOT treatment, along with reduced expression of the oxygen responsive gene HIF-1α. Mitochondrial activity increased significantly at 24 h following longer HBOT exposure but remained unchanged with IL-1β. Cell viability remained high across all groups, although HBOT-treated wells visually showed slightly more dead cells. Inflammatory conditions revealed a significant reduction in wound closure in HBOT-treated tenocytes compared to controls. These findings suggest that HBOT can modulate mitochondrial activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and gene expression in tenocytes, with differential effects in the presence of inflammation. Overall, this study provides new insights into the cellular effects of HBOT on tendon biology and supports further investigation into its therapeutic potential for tendon repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":"e70204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Horn Meniscus Centroid Position Is Altered Soon After Noncontact ACL Injury in Males and Females.","authors":"Benjamin T Hamilton, Daniel Sturnick, Erin C Argentieri, Niccolo Fiorentino, Timothy W Tourville, Matthew Failla, Mack Gardner-Morse, Pamela M Vacek, Bruce D Beynnon","doi":"10.1002/jor.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and subsequent changes in the magnitude and distribution of contact stress about the articular surfaces of the knee are associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Soon after ACL injury, changes in tibial articular cartilage thickness occur that can be explained, in part, by abnormal positioning of the tibia relative to the femur. However, little is known about the effects of ACL injury on the positions of the menisci. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the effect of ACL injury on posterior horn meniscus centroid (PHMC) position relative to the tibia in males and females. ACL-injured and matched control subjects with normal knees underwent bilateral magnetic resonance imaging soon after the index injury and prior to ACL reconstruction. The PHMC position was defined in three dimensions at the point of maximal tibial articular cartilage concavity in the lateral and medial compartments of the knee. In control subjects, there were no significant differences in PHMC position between knees in the lateral and medial compartments. In ACL-injured knees, there were significant posterior-directed changes in PHMC position in both compartments for males and females when compared to their contralateral normal knees. These changes in PHMC position may alter the distribution of articular cartilage contact stress and explain a portion of the changes in knee biomechanics and cartilage thickness that occur following ACL injury. In addition, these findings suggest that the menisci should not be used as landmarks to establish regions of interest when measuring cartilage thickness and matrix components.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 5","pages":"e70208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hip Chondrolabral Dysfunction: The Road From Excision to Repair, Replacement, and Regeneration.","authors":"Marc J Philippon, Karen K Briggs, Grant J Dornan, Guillaume Girardot, Johnny Huard","doi":"10.1002/jor.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior to 2000, hip arthroscopy had been described by Burman but was not widely employed in clinical practice. After the early 2000s, however, hip arthroscopy became of interest to many surgeons, and its utilization has continued to increase over time. From the early days of hip arthroscopy, numerous studies have provided technical, anatomic, and clinical evidence in support of the use of arthroscopic hip surgery, including contributions from our group. This manuscript highlights key developments in the management of labral pathology, including the development of labral repair techniques, improved understanding of acetabular anatomy, and the development of labral reconstruction procedures, along with biomechanical studies to support their use. For the treatment of labral injuries from debridement to reconstruction, clinical outcome investigations and biomechanical studies have helped guide current surgical strategies. Finally, this review also discusses basic science research and ongoing translational clinical trials investigating novel orthobiologic approaches to support the next generation of evidence-based treatments for hip pathology. Research on patient-centered care management has increasingly focused on improving outcomes and avoiding the need for revision surgery, incorporating translational bench-to-bedside as well as bed-to-benchside approaches. This comprehensive research included in this paper spans over a 25-year period and combines four areas of research, including large clinical outcomes studies, biomechanics, biomotion/imaging, and finally novel therapies for regenerative and personalized medicine. The goal of this work is to continue improving outcomes for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":"e70195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Multiplanar Alignment Errors From Patient-Specific Guide Malpositioning in Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy","authors":"Christopher J. Davey,&nbsp;Takaaki Hiranaka,&nbsp;David Parker","doi":"10.1002/jor.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patient-specific cutting guides are widely used in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy to improve alignment accuracy, yet their multiplanar sensitivity to intraoperative malpositioning remains poorly quantified. This study investigated how translational and rotational malpositioning of patient-specific cutting guides affect postoperative multiplanar alignment using virtual surgical simulation. Virtual osteotomy procedures were performed on twenty tibial models reconstructed from preoperative computed tomography scans, targeting a 62.5% weight-bearing line. Guides were systematically malpositioned vertically, rotationally, and horizontally along the anteromedial tibial cortex. Postoperative medial proximal tibial angle, posterior proximal tibial angle, and tibial torsion were compared with the ideal plan, and clinically acceptable alignment error was defined as within 1°. Vertical malpositioning predominantly affected coronal alignment, with distal displacement greater than 8 mm producing medial proximal tibial angle overcorrection beyond acceptable limits, while posterior proximal tibial angle and tibial torsion were relatively insensitive within 10 mm. Rotational malpositioning affected all alignment parameters, with tibial torsion being the most sensitive, and acceptable alignment was maintained only between −10° and +8°. Horizontal malpositioning produced variable effects, particularly on posterior proximal tibial angle, with acceptable alignment maintained between −4 mm and +3 mm, while tibial torsion was minimally affected.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Clinical Significance:</b> This study defines clinically acceptable ranges of patient-specific cutting guide malpositioning in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy and identifies which displacement modes most strongly affect coronal, sagittal, and axial alignment. These findings provide practical thresholds to guide PSI design, fixation, and intraoperative placement, helping to reduce alignment errors arising from subtle guide mispositioning.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bone Density and Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy on Stemmed and Stemless Shoulder Arthroplasty Stability: A Biomechanical Study","authors":"Dylan N. Greif,&nbsp;Patrick Castle,&nbsp;Andrew Rodenhouse,&nbsp;Natnael Ayalew,&nbsp;Anthony J. Yosick,&nbsp;Sandeep Mannava,&nbsp;Hani Awad,&nbsp;Ilya Voloshin","doi":"10.1002/jor.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is a popular option for glenohumeral arthritis. There is a minimal literature addressing how bone mineral density (BMD) or performing a lesser tuberosity osteotomy (LTO) during the surgical exposure affects stemless aTSA micromotion. There is concern that performing an LTO compromises stemless implant fixation in patients with low BMD. The purpose of this study is to assess if performing an LTO in patients with lower BMD compromises stemless aTSA stability. Three different implants were included: a 130-mm stemmed implant, Stemless-A, and Stemless-B. Eighteen matched cadaveric humeral samples (36 total) stripped of all soft-tissue attachments were randomized to one of three implant cohorts (6 pairs, 12 total samples per cohort), with one sample of each pair undergoing an LTO versus no LTO (control). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine BMD. To assess for micromotion, implants were placed onto a biaxial biomechanical testing device, loaded to 220, 520, and 820-Newton forces, and then underwent torsional stress to failure. There were no differences in baseline demographics. Increased micromotion at 820 N axial load (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and reduced torsional stability (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) was seen in stemless versus stemmed implants. Performing an LTO did not incur increased micromotion regardless of implant type. Regression analysis demonstrated that decreased BMD led to increased instability amongst all implants regardless of age, gender, or LTO (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that an LTO can be performed safely regardless of implant choice, with BMD remaining the principal factor in implant selection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Radiograph-Based Radiomics Successfully Classify MRI-Based Identification of Femoral Loosening in Patients With Total Hip Arthroplasty-A Preliminary Study\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jor.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":"e70202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antifibrotic and Functional Effects of Pirfenidone in an Experimental Frozen Shoulder Model.","authors":"Sezer Astan, Orhan Balta, Fikret Gevrek","doi":"10.1002/jor.70210","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the histopathological and functional effects of pirfenidone in a rat model of frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 each): control, frozen shoulder (FS), pirfenidone-treated (FS + PFD), and dexamethasone-treated (FS + DEX). The FS model was induced by immobilizing the shoulder joint with plaster for 4 weeks. Treatment groups received oral pirfenidone (30 mg/kg/day) or prednisolone (3 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Histopathological changes in the synovial membrane and fibrous capsule were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, while shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) was measured. The FS group showed significant pathological alterations, including synovial epithelial atrophy, loss of synovial folds, hyperemia, edema, and severe capsular fibrosis. Both pirfenidone and dexamethasone treatments reduced these abnormalities. Pirfenidone was more effective in preserving collagen fiber organization and synovial fold integrity. ROM was markedly reduced in the FS group, but partial recovery occurred in both treatment groups. Pirfenidone provided greater functional improvement compared with dexamethasone. Inflammation scores did not differ significantly between groups, consistent with evaluation during the fibrotic phase. Pirfenidone attenuates fibrotic changes and improves joint mobility in an experimental frozen shoulder model. Pirfenidone improved histological fibrosis scores and ROM in this experimental model. Comparative effectiveness versus corticosteroids requires confirmation in larger, appropriately powered studies. These results emphasize the antifibrotic potential of pirfenidone and support further long-term and clinical studies to clarify its role in adhesive capsulitis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":"e70210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achilles Tendon Shear Wave Velocity Within a 1-Year Follow-Up After Non-Operatively Treated Rupture","authors":"Maria Sukanen,&nbsp;Ra'ad M. Khair,&nbsp;Iida Laatikainen-Raussi,&nbsp;Aleksi Reito,&nbsp;Ville Ponkilainen,&nbsp;Neil J. Cronin,&nbsp;Arto J. Hautala,&nbsp;Taija Finni","doi":"10.1002/jor.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in Achilles tendon (AT) shear wave velocity (SWV) during the first year after rupture. Additionally, we aimed to explore relationships between AT SWV and plantarflexion maximal voluntary torque (MVT), steps/day, patient-reported function, and tendon thickness. Participants (<i>N</i> = 27, 8 females, 41.5 ± 9.8 years) were measured for AT SWV at rest, accelerometer-monitored daily steps, and tendon thickness at 2-, 6-, and 12 months post-rupture. AT SWV was imaged from distal, middle, and proximal locations along the length of the tendon (ATdist, ATmid, ATprox). MVT was tested at 6- and 12 months. Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) was inquired at 12 months. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between limb asymmetry (LSI, %) of ATmid SWV and the functional and structural outcomes. Linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of time, limb condition and imaging location on AT SWV. AT SWV LSI correlated with MVT LSI at 6- and 12 months after rupture (<i>r</i> = 0.500, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = 0.653, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). By 6 months, the injured tendon reached SWV level of the uninjured limb and at 12 months, ATprox SWV of the injured side was higher than the uninjured (mean difference 2.4 m × s⁻¹ (95% CI 0.9–3.7), <i>p</i> = 0.007. At 12 months, median ATRS was 91 points. Increase in SWV of the injured tendon may indicate an improvement in its material properties during recovery. This improvement may be associated with the ruptured tendon's ability to transfer loads and the muscle-tendon units' capacity to generate force.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Protocol for the Proximal Humerus Reveals a Fatty Infiltration Dependent Reduction in Bone Mineral Density","authors":"Jae Woo Cho,&nbsp;Dong Min Kim,&nbsp;Sohee Oh,&nbsp;Chris Hyunchul Jo","doi":"10.1002/jor.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Localized reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) within the proximal humerus may compromise anchor fixation strength and tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair; however, standardized dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocols and diagnostic thresholds are lacking. This study aimed to develop a reproducible proximal humerus DXA protocol, evaluate regional BMD differences between affected and contralateral shoulders, and investigate the relationship between fatty infiltration and regional bone loss. A retrospective analysis was performed on 224 patients who underwent unilateral arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with preoperative bilateral shoulder DXA scans. The proximal humerus was divided into five anatomically defined regions of interest (R₁–R₅), and subgroup analysis was conducted according to supraspinatus fatty infiltration grade. The affected shoulder demonstrated lower BMD across all regions, although significant reductions were observed only in the medial humeral head (R₂, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and averaged humeral head BMD (R₂₃₄, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Patients with mild fatty infiltration (Grades 0–2) showed BMD reduction primarily in periarticular regions, whereas advanced fatty infiltration (Grades 3–4) was associated with diffuse BMD loss across all regions. Femoral neck T-score was moderately correlated with humeral head BMD (<i>r</i> = 0.66, <i>R</i>² = 0.488, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and regression analysis identified a proximal humerus osteoporosis threshold of 0.478 g/cm², corresponding to a femoral neck T-score of −2.17. This protocol enables reproducible regional BMD assessment and demonstrates fatty infiltration–dependent bone loss progression. Femoral neck DXA may serve as a screening tool but is insufficient for definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette Smoke Extract Alters the Inflammatory Secretome of Osteoarthritis-Affected Synovium Increasing Joint Tissue Oxidative Stress in an Indirect Co-Culture Model","authors":"Emily Sawvell DiNicola,&nbsp;Andrea Vera Martinez,&nbsp;Brian C. Burnikel,&nbsp;Jeremy J. Mercuri","doi":"10.1002/jor.70184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dysregulation of synovial homeostasis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), but the effects that cigarette smoking has on OA-affected synovium have yet to be studied. To further the knowledge on how cigarette smoke alters OA progression, we investigated the direct effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on synovial explants and the indirect impact this has on cartilage explant degradation in an in vitro model of OA-like inflammation. Porcine synovium explants were cultured under control (<i>n</i> = 8), OA only (IL-1β and TNF-α, <i>n</i> = 8), and CSE + OA (10% CSE, IL-1β and TNF-α, <i>n</i> = 8) conditions. The resulting changes in viability/metabolic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloprotease profile, and macrophage polarization were evaluated. Using an indirect co-culture model, cartilage explants (<i>n</i> = 8/group) were cultured in synovium conditioned media (SCM) under the aforementioned conditions to evaluate changes in viability/metabolic activity, ROS, and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. CSE + OA treated synovium had increased production of ROS, IL-8, MMP-2, and MMP-8 compared to OA only treated synovium. In response, cartilage explants under CSE + OA SCM had more chondrocytes stained positively for ROS, with accelerated losses in GAGs and ECM integrity compared to those exposed to OA only SCM. CSE may accelerate OA progression by altering the inflammatory secretory profile of synovium and contributing to increased oxidative stress and the pathological crosstalk between synovium and cartilage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}