Journal of Orthopaedic Research®最新文献

{"title":"Prolyl-Hydroxyproline Promotes Structural Matrix Organization in 3D Equine Tendon Proper and Peritenon Post-Injury Model","authors":"Angelique O. Wong,&nbsp;Michael J. Mienaltowski","doi":"10.1002/jor.70284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tendinopathy of the superficial digital flexor tendon affects horse health and performance, with slow healing and high re-injury rates due to the formation of mechanically weaker scar tissue. Tendons are rich in Type I collagen and may benefit from supplementation with collagen-derived dipeptide prolyl hydroxyproline (H-Pro-Hyp-OH) which improves collagen regeneration and reduces scarring in murine injury models. However, its effects on equine tenocytes in the tendon proper (TP) and peritenon (PERI) under stress are unknown. Three-dimensional fibrin-based TP and PERI constructs were used to evaluate the effects of H-Pro-Hyp-OH within TP and PERI niches under control conditions and simulated post-injury environments. Constructs were treated with H-Pro-Hyp-OH alone or in combination with inflammatory (Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β) or glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, DEX) stimuli. Gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR, collagen content was quantified using a hydroxyproline assay, and tendon ultrastructure was evaluated using second harmonic generation imaging. Under control conditions, H-Pro-Hyp-OH enhanced alignment in TP. Under inflammatory and DEX stress, H-Pro-Hyp-OH did not reverse stress-induced transcriptional shifts or restore collagen content. However, H-Pro-Hyp-OH treatment improved collagen fibril organization and alignment, with structural rescue seen in PERI constructs. In stressful conditions induced by IL-1β or DEX, structural improvements did not always correspond with biochemical measurements of collagen, suggesting that H-Pro-Hyp-OH promotes matrix organization rather than bulk collagen accumulation in adverse post-injury environments. The responsiveness of PERI cells highlights the importance of targeting the extrinsic repair niche to promote functional tendon repair and limit fibrotic scarring.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction With LET or Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction may be Considered for High-Risk Pivot-Shift Knees: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study","authors":"Atsuki Tanaka,&nbsp;Yuichi Hoshino,&nbsp;Shin Yoshida,&nbsp;Yuhei Otsuki,&nbsp;Koji Nukuto,&nbsp;Yuta Nakanishi,&nbsp;Tetsuya Yamamoto,&nbsp;Kyohei Nishida,&nbsp;Kanto Nagai,&nbsp;Noriyuki Kanzaki,&nbsp;Takehiko Matsushita,&nbsp;Kouki Nagamune,&nbsp;Ryosuke Kuroda","doi":"10.1002/jor.70277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has been re-evaluated, and double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has also been used to provide greater rotational stability.　The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the effects of single-bundle (SB) ACLR with LET and DB ACLR on knee joint stability in high-risk pivot-shift knees. Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric whole lower limbs were used under five conditions: (A) intact knee, (B) ACL-deficient knee with meniscal cut, (C) DB ACLR, (D) SB ACLR, and (E) SB ACLR with LET. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) during the Lachman test and posterior tibial acceleration (PTA) during the pivot-shift test were measured using an electromagnetic measurement system. ATT differed significantly among conditions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01): (A) 6.8 ± 1.8 mm; (B) 13.3 ± 2.1 mm; (C) 7.6 ± 1.5 mm; (D) 8.0 ± 1.0 mm; and (E) 7.7 ± 1.1 mm (mean ± SD). (C), (D), and (E) significantly reduced ATT compared to (B) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). PTA differed significantly among conditions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01): (A) 1.4 ± 1.2 m/s²; (B) 2.5 ± 1.0 m/s²; (C) 1.3 ± 0.9 m/s²; (D) 1.9 ± 1.2 m/s²; and (E) 1.4 ± 0.7 m/s². (C) and (E) showed significantly improved rotational stability compared to (B) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas (D) did not show a significant difference. SB ACLR alone did not significantly improve rotational stability. In cases with residual pivot-shift risk, either SB ACLR with LET or DB ACLR may be reasonable surgical options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Multi-Omics Approaches for Biomarker Identification in Human Rotator Cuff Disease: A Systematic Review","authors":"Xing Li,&nbsp;Yibin Liu,&nbsp;Rong Zhao,&nbsp;Ziming Zhang,&nbsp;Jichun Li,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Derwin,&nbsp;Huajun Wang,&nbsp;Chuangxin Lin,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Jinjin Ma","doi":"10.1002/jor.70275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rotator cuff disease is a common musculoskeletal disorder of the shoulder that causes pain and functional disability. Despite its high prevalence and substantial clinical burden, clinically validated biomarkers for diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment management, and outcome prediction remain lacking. High-throughput omics approaches provide powerful tools for systematically identifying candidate biomarkers by comprehensively characterizing disease-associated molecular alterations. This systematic review evaluates recent advances in multi-omics approaches for biomarker identification in rotator cuff disease, with a particular emphasis on integrating findings across genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics and metabolomics to facilitate biomarker discovery and clinical translation. A total of 46 studies were included in this review. Together, multi-omics evidence identified recurrent candidate biomarkers, particularly <i>MMP3</i>, <i>MFAP5</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>BMP5</i>, that converged on extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory and immune regulation, tissue repair and fibrosis, metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue-specific remodeling. Integrated analyses further prioritized recurrent candidate biomarkers supported across multiple omics layers, primarily involved in matrix remodeling, inflammation, immune regulation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, providing potential targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. Future studies incorporating larger prospective cohorts, standardized analytical pipelines, same-cohort multi-omics integration, and functional validation will be essential for translating these candidate biomarkers into clinically useful tools for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, outcome prediction, and personalized treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Shape Modeling Reveals Early and Progressive Femoral Bone Shape and Cartilage Thickness Changes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","authors":"Anoosha Pai S,&nbsp;McKenzie S. White,&nbsp;Marianne S. Black,&nbsp;Katherine A. Young,&nbsp;Seth L. Sherman,&nbsp;Constance R. Chu,&nbsp;Ashley Williams,&nbsp;Garry E. Gold,&nbsp;Feliks Kogan,&nbsp;Brian A. Hargreaves,&nbsp;Akshay S. Chaudhari,&nbsp;Anthony A. Gatti","doi":"10.1002/jor.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early and longitudinal shape changes in femoral bone and cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains poorly understood. It is also unknown whether post traumatic shape changes follow similar trajectory as progressive alterations seen in idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA). Two neural shape models (NSMs)—B-NSM (bone-only) and BC-NSM (bone + cartilage) encoded femoral bone and cartilage shapes from 17 ACLR, contralateral, and healthy control knees at 3 weeks and 3, 9, 18, and 30 months post-ACLR. Knee OA severity shape scores (B-Score, BC-Score), bone surface area, and cartilage thickness were computed. Linear mixed-effect models assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in these metrics; η_p² evaluated sensitivity to change. Cosine similarity quantified post-ACLR shape change trajectories compared to idiopathic OA progression. At 3 weeks, ACLR knee B-Scores were significantly lower (<i>p</i> = 0.010) than contralateral knees from surgical notchplasty. Over 30 months, ACLR knee B- and BC-Scores significantly increased compared to baseline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both). Bone surface area (η_p² = 0.01) increased from periarticular osteophyte lipping with concomitant region-specific cartilage thickening and thinning (η_p² = 0.02). B-Score (η_p² = 0.45) was more sensitive to longitudinal change than BC-Score (η_p² = 0.30). ACLR bone shape changes aligned with idiopathic-OA progression (cosine similarity = 0.22), while cartilage did not (cosine similarity = 0.08). Early and progressive joint remodeling were observed post-ACLR. Both B- and BC-Score were more sensitive than bone surface area and cartilage thickness measures in quantifying longitudinal changes in ACLR knees. While ACLR bone shape features exhibited a linear progressive pattern similar to idiopathic OA, cartilage thickness changes were nonlinear. These findings support the use of NSM-based metrics for tracking post-surgical joint remodeling in future clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human ACL Sheath Exhibits Distinct Transcriptomic Signatures and Functional Properties","authors":"James Rogot,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Kunes,&nbsp;Kurt S. Holuba,&nbsp;Roshan P. Shah,&nbsp;Christopher S. Ahmad,&nbsp;Stavros Thomopoulos,&nbsp;Clark T. Hung,&nbsp;Beth G. Ashinsky","doi":"10.1002/jor.70271","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has poor intrinsic healing capacity due to exposure to the intra-articular synovial environment of the knee. Therefore, tendon auto- or allograft reconstruction is the mainstay of treatment for a torn ACL. Following reconstruction, there is a high rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, likely due to alteration of joint biomechanics, which supports the clinical need to advance primary ACL repair strategies. The ACL is enclosed by a vascularized, synovial-like sheath (ACL-s), which supplies nutrients to the central core (ACL-c). The ACL-s may act as a selective barrier to solute diffusion, protecting the ACL-c from damaging synovial enzymes and/or hyaluronic acid, while allowing nutrient diffusion. Like the synovium, the ACL-s is rich with collagens and resident macrophages, thus may be susceptible to change of function following injury and inflammation. We investigated the healthy and inflammed ACL-s structure, diffusivity, and cellular profile in comparison to the ACL-c and synovium to guide the development and optimization of primary repair technologies. Diffusion and histologic assessments revealed the ACL-s functions as a semi-permeable barrier through lower solute diffusivity and unique collagen organization. RNAseq demonstrated differential expression of extracellular matrix, inflammatory, and immune-related genes across ACL-s, ACL-c, and synovium, with the ACL-s uniquely showing upregulated expression of CX3CR1 and CLDN5 suggestive of an immunologic barrier. This study establishes the potential of the ACL-s to serve an immunologic and functional barrier that protects the underlying ACL-c from the inflammatory milieu following injury, and therefore, should be recapitulated when developing primary ACL repair technologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPOT: An Early Detection Tool for Predicting Pain Trajectories Following Intra-Articular Injections","authors":"Brittany L. Nelson,&nbsp;Prathap Jayaram,&nbsp;Scott D. Boden,&nbsp;Kenneth Mautner,&nbsp;Michael B. Gottschalk,&nbsp;Gregory D. Myer,&nbsp;Hicham Drissi,&nbsp;Jed A. Diekfuss","doi":"10.1002/jor.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to identify 12-month postinjection knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain trajectories and develop an early prediction model using patient-reported pain scores. Data were derived from a multi-site, single-blind randomized controlled trial of intra-articular injections for KOA. The primary analysis focused on participants assigned to autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate, umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, or stromal vascular fraction. After data-quality screening, the primary trajectory cohort included 317 participants and the prediction cohort included 295 participants with Screening and Month-3 KOOS-12 Pain scores. Latent class mixed-effects modeling identified a two-class solution selected for clinical interpretability: 66.6% of patients followed an Improved Pain trajectory and 33.4% followed a Persistent Pain trajectory. Although a three-class model had slightly lower BIC, the additional class included only 2.5% of participants and was not retained for the clinical prediction tool. A logistic regression model using KOOS-12 Pain at Screening and 3-month change predicted trajectory membership with AUC = 0.785 in training and AUC = 0.792 in the held-out test set. A training-selected threshold of 0.656 yielded held-out test sensitivity = 0.790, specificity = 0.692, PPV = 0.860, NPV = 0.581, and accuracy = 0.761. The resultant model was implemented as the Symptom Prediction for Outcomes of Treatment (SPOT) web calculator. Clinical Significance: The SPOT web calculator only requires KOOS-12 Pain data from Screening and Month 3 to classify patients as likely to follow an Improved Pain vs. Persistent Pain trajectory after orthobiologic KOA treatment.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03818737</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthionine Ketenamine Derivative Enhances Early Functional Recovery Following Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Modulation of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress","authors":"Valentina Barrera,&nbsp;Jose H. Treviño III,&nbsp;Travis T. Denton,&nbsp;Blake B. Rasmussen,&nbsp;Christopher Rathbone,&nbsp;Yulieth Soto,&nbsp;Maria A. Gonzalez Porras,&nbsp;Hugo Giambini","doi":"10.1002/jor.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces skeletal muscle damage through oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, and satellite cell (SC) dysfunction, ultimately compromising regenerative capacity and functional recovery. We investigated whether the naturally occurring autophagy-stimulating compound 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl lanthionine ketenamine phosphonate (2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P) enhances SC resilience and promotes early regenerative responses following IRI. Primary SCs isolated from Sprague Dawley rats (96% Pax-7+ purity) were treated with 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P or rapamycin. Autophagic flux was assessed using CYTO-ID flow cytometry and Western blot analysis of LC3-I and LC3-II, and viability was assessed under baseline and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress conditions. In parallel, a proof-of-concept hindlimb IRI model (3-h tourniquet) evaluated early functional recovery and transcriptional changes. In vitro, 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P significantly increased autophagy flux and enhanced SC viability across concentrations and treatment durations, whereas rapamycin reduced proliferation. Under 500 µM H₂O₂, which decreased viability by ~63%, 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P restored cell survival toward control levels, demonstrating robust protection against oxidative stress. In vivo, treated animals demonstrated improved grip strength recovery between days 2 and 7 post-injury compared to PBS-treated controls. Molecular analyzes revealed significant upregulation of autophagy regulators (Beclin-1, ULK-1) and antioxidant marker SOD-1, with coordinated upward trends in additional autophagy (ATG-7, LC3, p62) and myogenic genes (MyoG, MHC). Collectively, these findings suggest that 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P enhances SC survival by modulating autophagy and reinforcing antioxidant defenses, resulting in improved early functional recovery following IRI. These results identify 2-<i>n</i>-hexyl LKE-P modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress as a promising therapeutic strategy for limiting IRI-induced skeletal muscle damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Overlooked Variables in Preclinical Fracture Repair Research for Improved Translation","authors":"Christina Capobianco,&nbsp;Katharina Schmidt-Bleek,&nbsp;Melanie Haffner-Luntzer,&nbsp;Chelsea Bahney,&nbsp;Joseph L. Roberts,&nbsp;Matthew J. Silva,&nbsp;Annemarie Lang","doi":"10.1002/jor.70268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In preclinical research focused on bone fracture repair, a significant gap exists in understanding and incorporating key variables that influence homeostasis and pathophysiological processes. Factors such as immune system responses, sex differences, pain and innervation, and microbiota are often overlooked. Preclinical studies frequently rely on rodent models housed under sterile, specific pathogen-free conditions, resulting in naïve immune responses. Additionally, these studies typically use only one sex, fail to monitor stress behaviors, and do not assess infections or commensal microorganisms. While such controlled approaches enable the study of essential mechanisms, they may hinder the successful translation of findings to immunocompetent and diverse human populations, who do not live in sterile environments and vary widely in biological sex, gender, age, immune history, and living conditions. Here, we summarize the material presented at the Preclinical Models Section and International Section of Fracture Repair Workshop held during the 2026 Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.70268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Wear Behavior of Titanium Nitride-Coated Titanium and Cobalt Chromium Femoral Components in Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty","authors":"Harold I. Salmons,&nbsp;Kailey Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Sally LiArno,&nbsp;Behzad Farshid,&nbsp;Geoffrey H. Westrich","doi":"10.1002/jor.70266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Femoral component surface roughness is a critical determinant of polyethylene wear in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Titanium nitride (TiN) ceramic surface coatings have been developed to improve wear resistance and address concerns related to metal hypersensitivity; however, comprehensive wear data remain limited. This knee simulator study evaluated the performance of TiN-coated titanium alloy (6 wt% aluminum, 4 wt% vanadium, balance titanium, Ti-6Al-4V) substrate femoral components compared with cobalt chromium (CoCr) femoral components. Mode I wear testing was conducted for 5.0 million cycles (mc) using highly crosslinked polyethylene tibial inserts, with wear rates and polyethylene debris morphology quantified. Mode III third-body abrasive wear testing was performed on TiN-coated femoral components using embedded 500 µm TiN-coated particles for 3.0 mc. Surface roughness was measured using White Light Interferometry (arithmetic mean height, Sa), and surface integrity was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Following 5.0 mc of Mode I wear, volumetric wear rates were equivalent between TiN-coated and CoCr femoral components (1.03 vs 1.04 mm³/million cycles; <i>p</i> = 0.001), with no notable differences in polyethylene particle size (<i>p</i> = 0.114) or morphology. During third-body testing, surface scratching of the TiN coating was observed without evidence of gross surface failure. As anticipated, the mean Sa of TiN-coated femoral components increased through 3.0 mc of Mode III third-body testing, while remaining lower than literature-reported retrieved CoCr values (<i>p</i> = 0.001). In conclusion, TiN-coated femoral components demonstrated comparable in vitro adhesive wear performance to CoCr and provided improved resistance to abrasive conditions, where long-term resistance to abrasion is expected to govern reduced wear.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Preclinical Rat Model of Acute Compartment Syndrome","authors":"Sishu Guan,&nbsp;Xingchen Lu,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Hui Zhao,&nbsp;Lianyang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jor.70262","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is common in trauma, challenging early diagnosis and treatment. An accurate ACS model is vital for its management. Most prior animal models have induced intrafascial hypertension by exogenous interventions, focusing on the study of secondary injury post-ACS formation. A novel rat model with spontaneous ACS formation after trauma was constructed, emphasizing early onset and development. The 300-mmHg pressure simulated by a blood pressure cuff was applied to rat hindlimbs for 3 h. A balloon catheter connected to a manometer was developed, and intracompartmental pressure (ICP) and blood perfusion were measured continuously for 2 h. H&amp;E staining and serum index were detected at 0, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 8-h postinjury. The results showed injured hindlimbs swelled, with ICP rising continuously, reaching 30 mmHg in 35 min, peaking at 60–80 min before entering a plateau period, effectively reproducing ACS pressure evolution. The blood perfusion showed a three-step change, negatively correlating with ICP &gt; 30 mmHg. Muscle tissues presented typical time-dependent pathological changes, with progressive myofibrillar rupture, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increases in serum IL-1β, TNF-α, CK, and BUN over time. This study successfully established a new preclinical ACS-like rat model. Compared with previous studies, the ICP in the hindlimbs in this study was spontaneously elevated after crush, leading to secondary injury. Furthermore, a new manometric catheter device was developed to enable continuous monitoring of ICP without repeated fluid injections. The constructed animal model is closer to the clinic, and it lays a solid foundation for ACS pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.70262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}